Segmental Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Research Articles

The correlation between hepatic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value and insulin resistance (IR) was stronger than that between body mass index, visceral fat area and IR

BackgroundHepatic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a novel marker for quantifying hepatic fat accumulation. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in the pathogenesis and natural history of hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between CAP value and IR.MethodsThis study included a total of 420 patients with overweight or obesity who came to the obesity clinic at Tianjin Union Medical Center. Vibration-controlled transient elastography examination was conducted to detect CAP and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values. Body composition, including visceral fat area (VFA), and body fat mass (BFM), was evaluated by the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The associations between CAP value, body mass index (BMI), VFA, BFM and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed.ResultsCAP value was positively associated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.568, P < 0.001), the strength of which was much stronger than BMI, VFA, and BFM. In multivariate linear regression, CAP value and HOMA-IR showed a significant positive association (adjusted β = 0.015, 95% CI 0.007–0.022, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis suggested no significant interaction between CAP value and HOMA-IR across age, BMI, LSM, hypertension, and sex groups (all P for interaction > 0.05).ConclusionsHepatic CAP value is more remarkably than other obesity markers associated with HOMA-IR in individuals with overweight or obesity, regardless of age, BMI, LSM, hypertension, and sex.

COMPARISON OF FOUR BODY COMPOSITION METHODS

https://youtu.be/t3o3Dpt23nU BACKGROUND High-frequency (500Khz) direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) accurately calculates total water mass and body fat% (BF%), but it is unknown whether higher frequencies (1000Khz) increase measurement accuracy. PURPOSE: This study compared BIA 500Khz, BIA 1000Khz, the Department of Defense DoD Circumference Method (CM), and the reference standard DEXA. METHODS A total of 62 participants from the military healthcare system (n=25 males, 38.8±11.4yrs, n=37 females 43.7±15.95yrs) were measured. BF% was estimated via DEXA, BIA 500, BIA 1000, and CM to identify the relationship between methods using Pearson Correlation, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, and Bland Altman Plots (p &amp;lt;.05). RESULTS CM BF% estimates displayed significant moderate correlations with BIA 500 (males r=.63, ICC=.76; females r=.77, ICC=.85), BIA 1000 (males r=.59, ICC=. 74; females r=.77, ICC=.85), and DEXA (males r=.62, ICC=.62; females r=.73, ICC=.82). BIA 500 BF% displayed significant strong correlations with BIA 1000 (males r=.99, ICC=.99; females r=.99, ICC=.99) and DEXA (males r=.93, ICC=.94; females r=.89, ICC=.89). Lastly, BIA 1000 BF% also showed a significant strong correlation DEXA (males r=.93, ICC=.94; females r=.84, ICC=.90). Evaluating proportional bias using a Bland-Altman analysis confirmed an overall mean bias of -1.72% (CM and DEXA) in the female group, indicating the tendency of DEXA to underestimate BF% compared to CM, limits of agreement from -14.24 to 10.8. There was an upward slope of .33 as the CM BF% decreased and the DEXA BF% increased. There was agreement of BF% to 32%, but after 32%, there was more dispersion from the mean and outliers and with a significant trend for a greater difference in BF% between CM and DEXA (p&amp;lt;.05). CONCLUSIONS The correlation was higher between BIA 500 and BIA 1000 to DEXA when compared to CM. There was proportional bias between DEXA and CM in the female group with CM underestimating BF% compared to DEXA.When compared to BIA methods, BF% estimated via CM methods do not correlate well with BF% from DEXA. However, it does not seem as though higher BIA frequencies better predict BF%. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Army, Navy, Defense, or any other agency of the U.S. Government, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.

Effect of body fat mass loss on prognosis of radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on bioelectrical impedance analysis

BackgroundFew reports have performed a prognostic analysis based on bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with radical resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its usefulness in prognostic analysis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate body composition changes in patients undergoing radical resection for PDAC and analyze its impact on prognosis.MethodsThe medical records of radical resection for patients with PDAC were retrospectively reviewed, and the parameters of body composition, including body weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass (BFM), and extracellular water-total body water ratio, from preoperatively to 12 months postoperatively, for each surgical procedure were measured based on direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with an InBody 770 (InBody Inc., Tokyo, Japan) device. The clinicopathological and prognostic factors were analyzed.ResultsAmong 79 patients who underwent radical resection for PDAC, 36 (46%), 7 (8%), and 36 (46%) underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, total pancreatectomy, and distal pancreatectomy, respectively. The multivariate overall survival analysis demonstrated that BFM loss percentage at 1 month postoperatively ≧14% (p = 0.021), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014), and non-adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001) were independent poor prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative BFM < 12 kg and preoperative albumin < 3.5 g/dL were independently associated with BFM loss percentage at 1 month postoperatively ≧14% (p = 0.021 and p = 0.047, respectively).ConclusionsLoss of BFM in the early postoperative period may have a poor prognosis in radical resection of PDAC.

An analytical investigation of body parts more susceptible to aging and composition changes using statistical hypothesis testing

In recent years, age-related changes in body composition in the elderly are attracting attention. This is associated with a decline in physical functions and an increased risk of disease development. In general, age-related changes in body composition can be minimized with appropriate exercise. However, there are no studies that investigate body parts susceptibility to aging and changes in body composition of those parts. Therefore, devising exercise programs and advising daily life while taking these into account becomes difficult. This study aims to identify body parts that are more susceptible to aging and their body composition changes. The body composition was obtained with a Direct Segmental Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis using InBody770 in 8 male elderly patients who had been shortly hospitalized. Statistical hypothesis testing was used to determine whether site-specific body composition changed significantly between hospital discharge and 1 year, 1 year and 2 years, and hospital discharge and 2 years. The results showed that Lean body mass, Total Body Water, Intracellular Water, Extracellular Water in the right arm; Lean body mass and Total Body Water in the left arm and trunk are more sensitive to aging.

Relationship between body composition and pulmonary function in the general population—a cross-sectional study in Ningxia

Studies considering the relationship between non-obesity-related body composition and lung function are few; therefore, this study aimed to explore these correlations and effects. This cross-sectional study conducted in rural Qingtongxia City and Pingluo County, Ningxia, China, included 776 participants aged 30–75 years. Body composition and lung function were measured using direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and a digital spirometer, respectively. Their correlation was assessed using partial correlation analysis, controlling for age and smoking status, and the body composition effect on lung function was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis. The body components total body water content, protein content, mineral content, muscle mass, fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic volume, and chest circumference (CC) positively correlated with pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second) in both sexes. Neck circumference and hip circumference positively correlated with pulmonary function in women. Additionally, lung function declines more slowly in women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44–0.98, p = 0.04); CC (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.98, p = 0.01) increased as a protective factor for decreased lung function. Increased waist circumference (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.09, p = 0.04) was a risk factor for reduced lung function. FFM contains body composition indicators positively correlating with lung function, excluding fat-related body composition. Abdominal obesity increases the risk of decreased lung function.

Anthropometric Profiling and Changes in Segmental Body Composition of Professional Football Players in Relation to Age over the Training Macrocycle.

Body composition is an important indicator of the overall health and fitness of team sports athletes, including in football, and therefore, anthropometric profiling of elite football players is useful as part of determining their skills, strengths, and weaknesses to develop effective strength and conditioning programs. One of the tools available to coaches to track correlates of performance and health is routine body composition assessment. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the body composition and anthropometric profiles of players using the Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis method, and to manage body composition throughout the round in the 2020-2021 season. The investigation was carried out during the Polish football league, PKO BP Ekstraklasa, spring round of the football season 2020-2021, in which male football players participated. Athletes between the ages of 18 and 25 (n = 16) made up the younger age group, while those between the ages of 26 and 31 (n = 22) made up the older age group. This manuscript is a continuation of the presentation of the results of the study, which was conducted between 7 January and 23 July 2021. At different stages of the macrocycle, participants underwent six different body composition analyses. The younger and older groups of athletes were compared, as well as measurements of time points 1-6. The dominant extremities, assisting extremities, and trunk had larger fat-free mass contents in the older age group. In the study groups, there was a difference in the fat-free mass content between measures 1-6 that was statistically significant. In the younger group, there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of fat mass content between measurements 1-6. In the older age group, no statistically significant changes were found. The study showed changes in fat-free mass and fat mass in body segments; differences were observed between age groups and between different moments of measurement. Age is an important factor in determining body composition and is also related to an athlete's experience and seniority. Anthropometric profiling and comprehensive body composition analysis are important tools used in preparing athletes for competition.

Segmental extracellular-to-intracellular water resistance ratio and physical function in older adults

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between whole-body (WB), arm, and leg extracellular-to-intracellular water resistance (Recw/Ricw) ratios and various physical functions of each segment and muscle mass using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. MethodsIn total, 988 community-dwelling older adults were included in the analysis. Physical function was assessed using hand grip, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 5-m habitual walk, Timed Up and Go, and single-leg balance with eyes open tests. Each segmental Recw/Ricw ratio and muscle mass were assessed at 5 and 250 kHz resistances using a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device. Pearson's correlation between the segmental Recw/Ricw ratio and muscle mass and physical function was calculated, and the difference in correlation coefficients was tested using Bonferroni correction. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using physical function as the dependent variable and the segmental Recw/Ricw ratio as the independent variable, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and segmental muscle mass. ResultsWB and leg Recw/Ricw ratios were significantly positively correlated with good hand grip performance, gait speed, mobility, balance, and standing power (p < 0.05), after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and muscle mass. Furthermore, the leg Recw/Ricw ratio was positively associated with lower extremity physical function compared with WB and arm Recw/Ricw ratios and muscle mass (p < 0.01). Conversely, WB muscle mass was more strongly related to grip strength than WB, arm, and leg Recw/Ricw ratios (p < 0.01). ConclusionsThe Recw/Ricw ratio is useful for identifying older adults with worse physical function. The Recw/Ricw ratio allows for easy and timely screening of older adults with worse physical function in clinical settings.

Low appendicular skeletal muscle index increases the risk of carotid artery plaque in postmenopausal women with and without hypertension/hyperglycemia: a retrospective study

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate whether the low appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) is closely associated with the risk of carotid artery plaque (CAP) in postmenopausal women with and without hypertension/hyperglycemia stratified by body mass index (BMI) categories.MethodsA total of 2048 Chinese postmenopausal women aged 40–88 years were eventually enrolled in this retrospective study. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated by using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. ASMI was defined as follows: appendicular skeletal muscle mass(kg)/[height(m)]2. CAP was assessed by B-mode ultrasound. We explored the association between ASMI quartiles or low skeletal muscle mass and the risk of CAP by using multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. A potential nonlinear relationship was also tested using restricted cubic spline regression.ResultsCAP was observed in 289/1074 (26.9%) normal-weight and 319/974 (32.8%) overweight/obese postmenopausal women. Individuals with CAP had significantly lower ASMI values than those without (P < 0.001). The ASMI value also showed a linear relationship with the CAP risk in postmenopausal women stratified by BMI category (Pfor non−linearity > 0.05). In comparison with the highest ASMI quartile, the lowest ASMI quartile was significantly associated with a high risk of CAP development in non-hypertensive individuals with normal weight (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44 ~ 4.12) or overweight/obesity (OR = 4.82, 95% CI: 2.79 ~ 8.33), hypertensive individuals with normal weight (OR = 5.90, 95% CI: 1.46 ~ 11.49) or overweight/obesity (OR = 7.63, 95% CI: 1.62 ~ 35.86), non-hyperglycemic individuals with normal weight (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.54 ~ 4.43) or overweight/obesity (OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.84 ~ 4.70), and hyperglycemic individuals with normal weight (OR = 6.66, 95% CI: 1.08 ~ 41.10) or overweight/obesity (OR = 8.11, 95% CI: 2.69 ~ 24.49). Moreover, low skeletal muscle was independently associated with the risk of CAP in postmenopausal women, regardless of the BMI category.ConclusionASMI was inversely associated with the risk of CAP development in postmenopausal women, especially in patients with high blood sugar and/or hypertension, indicating that skeletal muscle mass maintenance may contribute to prevention of CAP in postmenopausal women.

Association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with the presence of hypertension in the Central European population: results from KardioVize 2030 study

Background Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases and affects more than 60% of individuals over 60 years of age. Additionally, hypertension is a prominent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Human body composition is both the result and predictor of an individual’s health status, and hypertension has consistently been shown to be more prevalent among obese individuals. In the current study, we focussed on the association between body composition parameters and hypertension occurrence. Methods Data from KardioVize 2030, a population-based study (n = 1988), was used to determine the association between the body composition parameters related to both fat and water content with hypertension. Body composition was assessed using the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method (DSM-BIA). Results Using logistic regression modelling we found that the majority of hypertension incidence could be determined by body fat and water content, as hypertension occurrence was positively correlated with increased fat-related body composition parameters and water content. Specifically, results from this study demonstrate that increased intracellular fluid was positively associated with higher hypertension incidence in men (14%) and women (16%). Conclusion Body composition reflects the occurrence of hypertension and may serve as a novel therapeutic goal that can be easily implemented in the clinical setting using DSM-BIA.

Association between Intra- and Extra-Cellular Water Ratio Imbalance and Natriuretic Peptides in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Natriuretic peptides are associated with malnutrition and volume overload. Over-hydration cannot simply be explained by excess extracellular water in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We assessed the relationship between the extracellular and intracellular water (ECW/ICW) ratio, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), and echocardiographic findings. Body composition was examined by segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in 368 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis (261 men and 107 women; mean age, 65 ± 12 years). Patients with higher ECW/ICW ratio quartiles tended to be older, were on dialysis longer, and had higher post-dialysis blood pressure and lower body mass index, ultrafiltration volume, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels (p < 0.05). The ECW/ICW ratio significantly increased with decreasing ICW, but not with ECW. Patients with a higher ECW/ICW ratio and lower percent fat had significantly higher natriuretic peptide levels. After adjusting for covariates, the ECW/ICW ratio remained an independent associated factor for natriuretic peptides (β = 0.34, p < 0.001 for NT-proBNP and β = 0.40, p < 0.001 for hANP) and the left ventricular mass index (β = 0.20, p = 0.002). The ICW-ECW volume imbalance regulated by decreased cell mass may explain the reserve capacity for fluid accumulation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Prediction of body fat increase from food addiction scale in school-aged children and adolescents: A longitudinal cross-lagged study.

Food addiction (FA) is associated with a higher body mass index z-score (BMIZ) in children and adolescents; however, whether these two aspects evolve interdependently remains unknown. This study aimed to address this question using a cross-lagged study. Weight status, including BMIZ, fat content (FC), and visceral fat level (VFL), was determined in 880 children and adolescents (mean age = 14.02 years [range = 8.83-17.52 years]) at two-time points with an interval of 6 months. FA was characterized using the Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0. Furthermore, FC and VFL were measured using direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis at each time point. Higher FA was associated with increased BMIZ, FC, and VFL (P < 0.05). FA at T0 could predict increased FC at T1 (P < 0.05). The characteristics of females, primary students, and living in urban areas may aggravate the adverse effect of FA on weight status over time and age, particularly the increased VFL in participants aged > 14 years. Children and adolescents with a high FA level were at risk for weight gain attributed to increased FC, and the adverse effect could be aggravated with time and age. Novel FA-targeting interventions may help mitigate the risk of getting obesity.

Tracking Body Composition Change with Weight Loss by BIA and DXA in Female Adolescent Runners: A Validation Study

ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Monitoring percent body fat (%fat) is important for optimizing nutrition for balanced health and performance in adolescent female runners. We studied the effectiveness of segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (S-MFBIA) for tracking seasonal changes in body composition among competitive female adolescent runners. Methods We compared the body compositions of 25 female runners (15.0 ± 0.2 yr old) analyzed using S-MFBIA, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference, in preparatory (PRE) and competitive (CMP) seasons. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to calculate associations between S-MFBIA and DXA. Paired t-test was used to compare PRE with CMP. Alpha level was corrected to 0.0023 using the Bonferroni method. Bland–Altman analysis was used to evaluate agreement between the methods. Results The runners gained a significant amount of fat-free mass (FFM) but lost %fat and weight from PRE to CMP (37.3–39.1 kg, 19.7%–12.7%, and 47.1–44.8 kg, respectively). Body composition variables measured by S-MFBIA and DXA were significantly correlated (r = 0.61–0.96) with respect to PRE, CMP, and longitudinal changes from PRE to CMP. S-MFBIA underestimated %fat (−1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.7 to −0.7 percentage points (pp)) and fat mass (FM; −0.7; 95% CI, −1.2 to −0.3 kg), but overestimated FFM (1.1; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.5 kg) against DXA in PRE. No systematic errors were detected in CMP. In longitudinal evaluation, S-MFBIA underestimated decreases in %fat (1.2; 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.1 pp) and FM (0.5; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9 kg) and increases in FFM (−1.0; 95% CI, −1.4 to −0.6 kg). The limits of agreement were −3.0 to 5.4 pp, −1.4 to 2.4 kg, and −3.0 to 1.0 kg, respectively. Conclusions Although small systematic errors might not hinder the use of S-MFBIA for group-based analysis, large random errors relative to the size of measurement limit its ability to accurately monitor the individual body composition of competitive female adolescent runners over a weight loss period.

Changes in Segmental Impedances and Selected Body Composition Parameters Assessed by Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Analysis after Fluid Consumption in Healthy Young Population.

Objectives: Body composition (BC) analysis is a routine part of comprehensive public health care. Assessment of BC is more important source of information than BMI. Adherence to the standard measurement conditions is essential for the correct results. Our study aimed to examine the effect of acute fluid consumption on measures of body mass (BM), percentage of body fat (%BF), visceral fat (VF), percentage of body water (%BW), and impedance at 100 kHz (I100) and 20 kHz (I20) using segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) in a general healthy population. Methods: 95 consecutive healthy normal-weight adults (42 men; 53 women) were involved in the study (mean ± s.d.; age 23.9±1.6 years; body mass 68.3±14.1 kg). All subjects underwent two separate series of body composition (BC) measurements at 0 (BASELINE), 30, 60, 90 min (POST): the first series after drinking 600 ml of isotonic carbohydrate/electrolyte drink (IST) and the second after no fluid administration (CON). Individual measurements were performed in the morning on two consecutive days. Results: In the IST group, BM, VF (both P<0.001), and %BF (P<0.05) increased significantly at 30 min POST compared to BASELINE. BM and VF remained elevated at 90 min POST (both P<0.001). %BW decreased significantly at 30 min POST (P<0.01) then increased at 60 min (P<0.001) and 90 min (P<0.01) POST. There were no significant changes in I100. I20 increased significantly at 30 min POST (P<0.001) then decreased at 60 min (P<0.001) and 90 min POST (P<0.01) compared to BASELINE. In the CON group, BM and VF decreased below BASELINE at 90 min POST (P<0.001), %BF, %BW and I100 did not change significantly. The difference between IST and CON was statistically significant for all POST measurement times only in BM and VF (both P<0.001). The VF results are also underlined by the detected impedance changes in the trunk area at 20 kHz (B20) and 100 kHz (B100) at 60 min and 90 min (both P<0.001). Conclusions: Our study suggests that segmental impedances and BC measurement in healthy young normal-weight adults requires strict adherence to fluid restriction at least 90 min before the measurement to avoid false impedance values and overestimation of BM and VF.

TRAJECTORIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND FAT MASS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON MORTALITY IN OLDER JAPANESE ADULTS

Abstract Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass have differential impacts on mortality between men and women. We aimed to determine age-related trajectories of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and fat mass index (FMI) among men and women and to examined their impacts on mortality risks. This prospective study included 1,770 (863 men and 907 women) aged ≥65 years who participated in health check-ups; the total number of observations was 6,110. SMI and FMI were determined using segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and their age-related trajectories from age 65–90 years were examined using group-based semiparametric mixture models. SMI and FMI age-related trajectories for all-cause mortality were determined by multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). SMI and FMI trajectories were classified into three trajectories in both sexes: the low- (28.6% and 34.0%), middle- (56.0% and 47.5%), and high-trajectory (15.4% and 18.5%) groups in men and the low- (27.6% and 40.9%), middle- (51.6% and 48.1%), and high-trajectory (20.8% and 11.0%) groups in women. The median follow-up was 5.3 years; 101 (11.7%) men and 56 (6.2%) women died. Compared with the low-trajectory groups, male multivariate-adjusted HRs for mortality in the middle- and high-trajectory groups were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.57–1.39) and 0.34 (0.13–0.93) for SMI, and 0.76 (0.47–1.23) and 1.13 (0.60–2.14) for FMI, respectively. Corresponding female multivariate-adjusted HRs were 1.00 (0.50–2.02) and 1.64 (0.62–4.36) for SMI, and 0.74 (0.38–1.43) and 0.37 (0.12–1.14) for FMI. Maintaining high skeletal muscle mass is important for prolonging life expectancy, especially in men.

Muscle mass, quality, and strength; physical function and activity; and metabolic status in cachectic patients with head and neck cancer

Cancer cachexia is commonly associated with poor prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its pathophysiology and treatment are not well established. The current study aimed to assess the muscle mass/quality/strength, physical function and activity, resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in cachectic patients with HNC. This prospective cross-sectional study analyzed 64 patients with HNC. Body composition was measured via direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle quality was assessed using echo intensity on ultrasonography images. Muscle strength was investigated utilizing handgrip strength and isometric knee extension force (IKEF). Physical function was evaluated using the 10-m walking speed test and the five times sit-to-stand (5-STS) test. Physical activity was examined using a wearable triaxial accelerometer. REE and RQ were measured via indirect calorimetry. These parameters were compared between the cachectic and noncachectic groups. In total, 23 (36%) patients were diagnosed with cachexia. The cachectic group had a significantly lower muscle mass than the noncachectic group. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in terms of fat between the two groups. The cachectic group had a higher quadriceps echo intensity and a lower handgrip strength and IKEF than the noncachectic group. Moreover, they had a significantly slower normal and maximum walking speed and 5-STS speed. The number of steps, total activity time, and time of activity (<3 Mets) did not significantly differ between the two groups. The cachectic group had a shorter time of activity (≥3 Mets) than the noncachectic group. Furthermore, the cachectic group had a significantly higher REE/body weight and REE/fat free mass and a significantly lower RQ than the noncachectic group. The cachectic group had a lower muscle mass/quality/strength and physical function and activity and a higher REE than the noncachectic group. Thus, REE and physical activity should be evaluated to determine energy requirements. The RQ was lower in the cachectic group than that in the noncachectic group, indicating changes in energy substrate. Further studies must be conducted to examine effective nutritional and exercise interventions for patients with cancer cachexia.

Increased visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio is positively associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population: A cross-sectional study.

Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle loss may be positively correlated with cardiometabolic outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between the visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population. A total of 5158 participants were included in this study. Body composition, anthropometrical, and biochemical measurements were performed. Body composition was assessed via the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method. The associations between VSR and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia were analysed. With the increase of VSR by one quartile, the odds ratio (OR) increased significantly for all five cardiometabolic diseases in both genders (ptrend <0.001). With regard to the highest versus the lowest quartile of VSR, the ORs for cardiometabolic diseases were significantly higher in women than in men. Restricted cubic splines showed that there were significant non-linear relationships between VSR and the risk of MAFLD, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in both genders (p for non-linearity <0.05). The risk was relatively flat until VSR reached 3.078cm2 /kg in men and 4.750cm2 /kg in women and started to increase rapidly afterwards. In men, however, the risk slowed down after the VSR value reached around 4cm2 /kg. VSR was positively associated with cardiometabolic diseases regardless of gender. As VSR increased, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases was significantly higher in women than in men. www.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR2100044305).

Changes in body composition during the macrocycle of professional football players in relation to sports nutrition knowledge.

Professional football players are obligated to meet the physical demands and maintain the best possible performance throughout the whole macrocycle. It is important to assess the players' nutrition knowledge, identify areas that require increased nutrition awareness and identify the impact of knowledge on changes in body composition as this can affect the players' health and performance. This study aimed to assess changes in the body composition of professional football players during the macrocycle of the spring round of the football championship and to identify the correlation between nutrition knowledge and maintaining body composition. The study included 38 football players. The players' body compositions were analyzed 6 times during the macrocycle consisting of preparatory, competitive, and transition periods using the Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method. Athletes completed the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire to assess their nutrition knowledge. During the preparatory period, a statistically significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the players' knowledge about the subsections of micronutrients in the diet and the dispersion of the adipose percentage tissue content (r = -0.36, p = 0.03). In the competitive period, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the players' knowledge of sports nutrition and the dispersion of lean body mass (r = -0.46, p = 0.004), and skeletal muscle mass (r = -0.36, p = 0.03). During the transition period, a statistically significant negative correlation between the players' knowledge of weight control and the dispersion of body mass (r = -0.47, p = 0.00) and BMI values (r = -0.48, p = 0.00) was identified. The player's knowledge about the subsection of macronutrients significantly negatively correlated with the dispersion of skeletal muscle mass content (r = -0.33, p = 0.05). Nutrition knowledge has an impact on the stability of body composition during all analyzed periods: preparatory, competitive, and transition periods.

PSUN187 Validation of a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device for the assessment of body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Aging and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of developing sarcopenia which is associated with poor outcomes and may necessitate specific treatment. Diagnosis of sarcopenia often requires the referral of patients to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in specialized settings. Another available method for assessing body composition is direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSMF-BIA). In this study, we examine the accuracy of a DSMF-BIA (InBody 770) for assessing body composition in older adults with T2DM when compared to DXA. Methods 84 older adults (49 women, age 71 ± 5 years. Body mass index 30 ± 5.6 kg /m2) with T2DM who were recruited for the CEV-65 study and had both DSMF-BIA and DXA assessments at baseline were included in the analysis. The main analysis included Bland-Altman plots and Intra Class Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Sub-analyses were performed according to gender and following 10 weeks of intervention (diet, circuit resistance training, and Empagliflozin). Results The leg lean mass results according to DSMF-BIA and DXA were 14.76 ± 3.62 kg and 15.19 ± 3.52 kg respectively, however, did not differ between devices according to Bland-Altman analyses (p=0.353). Assessment of appendicular skeletal mass index did not differ between DSMF-BIA and DXA (7.43 vs. 7.47 kg/m2; p=0.84; ICC=0.965, p&amp;lt;0.0001; bias of -0.068, p =0.595). The accuracy of DSMF-BIA was limited when estimating fat mass indices reflected by significant biases according to Bland-Altman analyses. Summary In a sample of older adults with T2DM the degree of agreement between DSMF-BIA and DXA, was high, supporting the use of DSMF-BIA for the diagnosis of low muscle mass. Better accuracy was observed when comparing parameters of lean mass versus parameters of fat mass. Gender as well as three common treatment modalities for T2DM did not modify the accuracy of the DSMF-BIA when compared to DXA. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Validation of a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device for the assessment of body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundAging and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is commonly done using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in specialized settings. Another available method for assessing body composition is direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSMF-BIA). Here, we examine the accuracy of a DSMF-BIA (InBody-770) for assessing body composition in older adults with T2DM when compared to DXA.MethodsEighty-four obese/overweight older adults (49 women, 71 ± 5 years) with T2DM who were recruited for the CEV-65 study and had both DSMF-BIA and DXA assessments at baseline were included. The analysis included Bland–Altman plots and intra class correlation coefficients. Sub-analyses were performed according to gender and following 10 weeks of interventions (diet, circuit training, and Empagliflozin).ResultsThe leg lean mass results according to DSMF-BIA and DXA were 14.76 ± 3.62 kg and 15.19 ± 3.52 kg, respectively, with no difference between devices according to Bland–Altman analyses (p = 0.353). Assessment of appendicular skeletal mass index did not differ between DSMF-BIA and DXA (7.43 vs. 7.47 kg/m2; p = 0.84; ICC = 0.965, p < 0.0001; mean difference −0.068, p = 0.595). Gender and treatment interventions did not modify the accuracy of the DSMF-BIA when compared to DXA.ConclusionsIn older adults with T2DM the degree of agreement between DSMF-BIA and DXA, was high, supporting the use of DSMF-BIA to measure muscle mass.

Body Fluid Estimation Via Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Following Acute Resistance Exercise

Segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (S-MFBIA) estimates body composition and fluids by passing electrical currents through the body and can separate the body into distinct segments. The minimum required abstention from exercise before S-MFBIA is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) estimated via S-MFBIA following acute, localized bouts of resistance exercise (RE). METHODS: Thirty-two female (n = 18; age: 22.7 ± 1.4 y; height: 167.5 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 66.6 ± 14.5 kg; body fat: 30.3 ± 6.2%) and male (n = 14; age: 24.2 ± 2.9; height: 178.7 ± 5.3; body mass: 85.7 ± 7.8 kg; body fat: 19.6 ± 6.9%) resistance-trained volunteers completed three randomly assigned conditions in a crossover design. Each RE protocol (REUPPER or RELOWER) consisted of three exercises and began with two warm-up sets of 12-15 repetitions per exercise. This was followed by a RE circuit of 5 sets of 10 repetitions per exercise with a one-minute rest interval between circuits. In the resting (REST) condition, participants did not complete any physical activity. S-MFBIA was performed at five timepoints: pre-exercise, immediate post-exercise, 15-, 30-, and 60-minutes post-exercise. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with a random intercept for participant. In all models, REST was the reference condition, and pre-exercise was the reference time point. RESULTS: Although body mass did not differ between conditions, condition by time interactions were observed for TBW, ICW, and ECW (p < 0.001 each), with the higher values observed at post-exercise time points in REUPPER as compared to the REST condition. Mean differences between REUPPER and REST for TBW, ICW, and ECW ranged from 0.6-1.0 kg, 0.4-0.6 kg, and 0.2-0.4 kg, respectively. Conversely, RELOWER did not alter fluid estimates. CONCLUSIONS: An acute increase in TBW, ICW, and ECW is detected by S-MFBIA after a single bout of upper body, but not lower body, RE. This could be due to the smaller initial diameter and greater relative change in diameter of the arms as compared to legs. Due to the potential of artificial body fluid changes, users should avoid exercise - particularly upper body exercise - prior to S-MFBIA assessments.