Seeking Employment Research Articles

The Relationship Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Career Outcomes: A Life History Perspective

Based on the life history perspective, this study tested a serial mediation model in which family socioeconomic status (SES) related to person–job fit via resource scarcity, career exploration, and goal persistence. We expected that when seeking employment, higher SES students would perceive lower resource scarcity, and, in turn, adopt more adaptive career behaviors (i.e., career exploration and goal persistence) to maximize career success, which would then lead to better person–job fit upon graduation. Using a sample of 224 final-year students (mean age 21 years, 77% male), we found, as expected, that higher SES was related to more career exploration and goal persistence via lower perceived scarcity and that exploration and persistence were related to better person–job fit. In addition, higher SES was indirectly related to person–job fit via scarcity and the two career behaviors. The findings highlight the importance of family SES in young people’s career development.

How income shapes moral judgments of prosocial behavior

The current research extends past work on how consumers (as “observers”) view ethical choices made by others (“actors”). Using a person-centered approach to moral judgments, we show that consumers are judged differentially, based on their income, for engaging in certain prosocial behaviors. Nine studies demonstrate that engaging in the same prosocial behavior, such as volunteering, leads to different responses depending on whether the actor earns income versus receives government assistance. Consistent with our theorizing, we find that aid recipients are given less latitude in how they spend their time than those earning an income and are scrutinized to a greater degree for their choices because people believe their time would be better spent seeking employment. Consequently, the lower moral judgments of aid recipients who choose to volunteer (vs. income earners) are driven, at least in part, by the anger observers feel about the perceived misuse of time. Additional information or cues about employment efforts or work inability attenuate these judgments. Importantly, we document implications for support for federal spending on welfare programs.

Leadership Skills of Tuskegee University's Forestry/Natural Resources Management Graduates

This study focused on Tuskegee University forestry/natural resources management graduates’ perspectives about leadership skills possessed. Objectives were to: describe Tuskegee University graduates’ participation in high school-, college-, and community-based leadership development activities; describe how the graduates perceived their leadership skills; identify what variables could be used to explain variance in the overall mean scores of the leadership skills constructs; identify what activities and/or demographic characteristics could be used to explain variance in the perceived leadership skills of the graduates; and obtain preliminary data that provided insight and could inform the professions of the level of leadership skills held by some forestry/natural resources management graduates. Data collection occurred via simple random sampling and a survey. Data analyses occurred via descriptive statistics. Study population consisted of all of Tuskegee University forestry/natural resources management graduates, to include those employed in or seeking employment in the forestry/natural resources management professions. It included those who graduated from Tuskegee University and those who completed a two- or three-year program, transferred, and graduated from partner universities. Graduates of TU’s forestry/natural resources management programs agree that they possess leadership skills. Most of the respondents reported that they believed that “participation in college extracurricular activities directly affected my leadership skills.” Majority of the respondents indicated that they believed that “participation in college curriculum courses directly affected my leadership skills.”

Preparing for Your First Job: A Resident's Outline to Curriculum Vitae Writing.

Description A curriculum vitae (CV) is a requirement for any physician seeking employment. Writing a job-winning CV requires preparation and discipline. This article presents useful guidelines for preparing and writing a CV aimed at residents seeking their first job as full-fledged physicians.

A Co-Designed Social Media Intervention to Satisfy Information Needs and Improve Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Longitudinal Study.

BackgroundThe number of people living with a long-term condition is increasing worldwide. Social media offers opportunities for patients to exchange information and experiences with others with the same condition, potentially leading to better self-management and improved patient outcomes, at minimal costs to health service providers.ObjectiveThis paper describes how an online network with a range of social media platforms was created, with the help of a group of patients with chronic kidney disease and specialist professionals. The project considered whether information needs and health-related and social outcomes were met.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal in-depth evaluation of the creation of the moderated network, observation of the use of the platforms, self-efficacy surveys (at baseline and 6 months), and semistructured interviews (at baseline and 6 months).ResultsA total of 15 patients and professionals participated in the co-design of the network (hub), which was initially launched with 50 patients. Several platforms were needed to engage patients at different levels and encourage generation of information, with the support of moderators. In addition, 14 separate patients participated in the evaluation. Satisfaction of information needs through social engagement improved self-efficacy (n=13) with better self-care and management of illness. Social outcomes included seeking employment and an increase in social capital.ConclusionsAn online network (hub) with several social media platforms helped patients with chronic kidney disease manage their condition. Careful co-designing with users resulted in a sustainable network with wider applicability across health and social care.

Career Development and Planning: A Comprehensive Approach by Robert C. Reardon, Janet G. Lenz, Gary W. Peterson etal

Reviewed by: Career Development and Planning: A Comprehensive Approachby Robert C. Reardon, Janet G. Lenz, Gary W. Peterson etal Seth C. W. Hayden Career Development and Planning: A Comprehensive Approach( 6thedition) Robert C. Reardon, Janet G. Lenz, Gary W. Peterson, and James P. Sampson Jr. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt, 2019, 316 pages, ( $88 hard copy, $44 eBook) Many college campuses are utilizing career planning and development courses to facilitate positive career exploration and decision-making. Desired outcomes include psychological wellbeing, increasing the rates of retention to graduation, increasing the economic efficiency by reducing the number of course and university withdrawals, and leveraging the benefits of group interventions for students' growth (Hansen, Jackson, & Pedersen, 2017). There have been positive outcomes related to these career courses in vocational identity, career maturity, career decision-making, and cognitive development (Reardon, Folsom, Lee, & Clark, 2011). With the positive outcomes attributed to undergraduate career courses, specific resources are needed to guide career exploration and planning in this form of a career intervention. To help facilitate this process, Career Development and Planningwas designed around cognitive information processing theory (CIP; Sampson, Reardon, Peterson, & Lenz, 2004). This career development theory examines the domains of knowledge and process related to effective decision-making and problem-solving. The text uses CIP as a foundational structure that guides the content of the resource. This infusion of theory into a text designed for an undergraduate career course is unique. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 (chapters 1–5) focuses on the elements of CIP theory such as self-knowledge, options knowledge, and decision-making with an emphasis on the application in typical career situations. Part 2 (chapters 6–10) offers a multidisciplinary overlay of issues that affect career decisions such as economic trends, organizational culture, new work styles, and dual careers. Part 3 (chapters 11–15) provides information on concrete steps for executing a strategic career plan and seeking employment. Common elements of career-seeking behavior covered in this section include interviewing, writing résumés, negotiating, and work adjustment. Though CIP is the primary theoretical basis, additional established career theories, such Holland's RIASEC theory (Holland, 1997), are integrated into the comprehensive approach to career decision-making and problem-solving. The first edition was released in the year 2000; the sixth edition contains updates to sources and new information about occupations and employment as well as revisions to several chapters in which content was removed due to the density of the material that made it difficult for students and teachers to cover within an academic semester. This text is unique as it is designed specifically for use in an undergraduate career development and planning course. It is also situated around a well-researched career theory which adds credibility to the presented information. The information is logically sequenced with broader concepts of self-knowledge and occupational knowledge at the beginning and more specific discussions of job-seeking elements occurring later in the book. This format leads students through processes of selfexploration and occupational exploration prior [End Page 400]to focusing on enhancing specific tasks such as résumé writing, networking, interviewing, and negotiation. A benefit of this text is the attention on the thoughts associated with engagement in career exploration and planning that can, at times, hinder progress. The metacognitive skills of self-talk, self-awareness, monitoring and control, and ways to improve them are examined at length in chapter 5, "Thinking About My Career Decisions." This attention to the holistic dimensions of career development for an undergraduate audience is novel in its execution in the context of an undergraduate career course. The insight of the authors to examine existing research in their analysis of narratives of perceived trends in work is extremely valuable. One example is the discussion of the gig economy in chapter 9, "Alternative Ways to Work." The authors use information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to shed light on the reality of the gig economy. Contrary to what is often portrayed in popular media and in the professional development resources for career practitioners, the proportion of those working in the gig economy has not substantially increased in the US job market: 6...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURS AT UNIVERSITY IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A conceptual framework is developed to postulate the process of developing entrepreneurs at a university level as a panacea for mitigating high levels of graduate unemployment in South Africa. The challenges are compounded by slow economic growth and the resultant high unemployment levels. Despite the growing body of empirical research evidence on the development of entrepreneurs in general, there is limited research on the development of student entrepreneurship. Drawing on Azjen’s (1991) theory of planned behaviour, the paper conceptualises on factors that potentially influence the intention of students within the university to become entrepreneurs. Following Azen (1991), the paper interrogates the influence of the following four factors, namely, attitude towards entrepreneurship, role models, entrepreneurial leaders, and resources and opportunities. The conceptual framework proposes a model that will assist in developing student entrepreneurship mindsets and aptitudes that will equip them to embark on rather starting their own ventures upon graduation, than seeking employment. The entrepreneurship development process will create opportunities for selfemployment, as well as employment creation within the South African economy.

Livelihood Re-Establishment of Emigrants from Kiribati in Fiji

People from Kiribati, especially after obtaining college degrees, tend to have a desire to migrate abroad to obtain further education and good jobs and, to some extent, due to the impacts of climate change. Nineteen percent of I-Kiribati migrants in Fiji who responded to our survey indicated climate change as a factor for their migration, but their primary reasons were to seek better education and employment. When seeking employment, their lack of English-language skills and professional qualifications posed challenges. However, those who had prepared well in advance tend to find jobs relatively smoothly after migration. When settling in a new area, people tended to rely on family connections, community groups, and other social supports as sources of network and safety net.

Developing a measurement instrument for coping with occupational stress in academia

Orientation: Occupational stress leads to devastating consequences for academia, which include teaching below standard, conflict with students and seeking employment elsewhere. The stressors that academics experience will continue to increase unless they adopt strategies to cope with these demands.Research purpose: The objective of this research was to construct a valid and reliable measurement instrument which could be used to explore how academics cope with occupational stress.Motivation for the study: There is no clear consensus about the conceptualisation of the coping construct and the categorisation and measurement of numerous coping strategies. Also, as working in academia is highly stressful, there is a need for developing a measuring instrument that holistically measures coping with occupational stress in South African higher education institutions.Research approach/design and method: A three-phase instrument development process was followed. A quantitative, cross-sectional online survey was administered to a convenience sample of 305 employees employed in a higher education institution in the Gauteng province of South Africa.Main findings: A nine-dimensional, 33-item measuring instrument was developed for exploring how academics cope with occupational stressors.Practical/managerial implications: If industrial and organisational psychologists could appreciate the consequences of occupational stress and comprehend the complexities of the coping process, then they would be able to design and implement wellness practices that should not only promote the health and well-being of academics but also the institution.Contribution/value-add: A psychometrically sound measuring instrument, The Comprehensive Coping Strategies Questionnaire, was developed within the South African higher education context that would allow industrial and organisational psychologists to determine which coping strategies academics adopt in response to occupational stressors.

Predictors of Change in Employment Status and Associations with Quality of Life: A Prospective International Study of People with Multiple Sclerosis

Purpose This prospective international study aimed to assess the changes in employment, and predictors thereof, and associated change in mental health quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods People with MS were recruited online through social media, forums and newsletters to complete an online English-language survey in 2012 and again in 2015, to assess changes in employment and clinical characteristics. Results 1276 people with MS of working age were included of whom 35.9% were employed full time, 25.6% part-time, 3.1% were unemployed and seeking employment, 19.7% were retired due to disability and 15.7% were not in the labour force. Part/full time employment decreased from 61.4 to 57.1% of the sample 2.5 years later, and 25.5% experienced some change in employment status. Lower level of education and higher level of disability at baseline predicted loss of employment at follow-up. 62.0% of the sample indicated that MS impacted on employment over their lifetime, associated with a lower level of education and progressive MS at time of diagnosis. Retiring due to disability was predictive of a decreased mental health related QOL score. Conclusion Employment status was negatively impacted by MS for most participants. We showed for the first time that employment loss was prospectively associated with poorer mental health related quality of life. Employment support including vocational services, reasonable flexibility in the workplace, and legal protection against discrimination should be widely available to assist people with MS, especially for those with progressive onset MS, higher disability and lower levels of education who are at higher risk of employment loss.

Zakotwiczanie się. Migrantki z Polski w norweskim przedszkolu

Based on participant observation and ethnographic interviews with Polish women working in kin-dergartens in Norway, this article studies the migrant women’s employment trajectories, including adaptation processes in the workplace and integration into the wider Norwegian society. In this paper, I aim at answering the following questions: How do Polish migrant women go about seek-ing employment in Norwegian kindergartens? How do they adapt to the new work environment? How do they deal with cross-cultural differences in childcare? How did they learn new norms and values within the institutional context of kindergartens? The research indicates that employment in kindergartens was not merely a way to provide for one’s livelihood, but was also a mechanism to establish and develop a closer relationship with members of the Norwegian society, a tool facilitating meaningful connections with the new country.

Qualitative study of adults with congenital heart disease seeking employment: Living life as a long-distance runner

Qualitative study of adults with congenital heart disease seeking employment: Living life as a long-distance runner

Political Economy of Internal Migration and Labor-Seeking Behavior of Poor Youth in Ghana

Recent discussion of youth migration in West Africa has focused on movement across the Sahara into North Africa and Southern Europe. This paper explores the impacts of the current forms of internal migration and shifts in labor-/employment-seeking behavior of youth within national boundaries in the African context using Ghana as a case study. The process is perceived to have been deepened by neoliberal programs and the continued adoption of extensive market liberalization and associated fiscal policies. The analysis of the study provides evidence of internal mobility of youth seeking employment within the boundaries of Ghana. This is in contrast to recent dominant discussions in the migration literature that tend to focus on migration of West African youth across the Sahara to Northern Africa and Southern Europe. This study utilizes data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) (Ghana Statistical Service [GSS], 2014a), which covered a nationwide sample of 18,000 households. This analysis centers on four administrative regions in Ghana that record the highest numbers of young internal migrants: Greater Accra, Western, Brong Ahafo, and Ashanti regions. The study shows that employment rates among migrant youth in urban destinations remain comparatively higher than those of nonmigrants. Out-migration therefore provides an avenue for unemployed youth to gain access to wider employment opportunities outside their homes or places of birth. Also, while migrations tend to follow a predominantly north-to-south trajectory, there is evidence of south-north and south-south movements, as well as movements to locations that are not necessarily urban. Conversely, our study found that young internal migrants are often engaged in less stable, noncontract employment, making them vulnerable to employer abuses and exploitation.

Political Economy of Internal Migration and Labor-Seeking Behavior of Poor Youth in Ghana

Recent discussion of youth migration in West Africa has focused on movement across the Sahara into North Africa and Southern Europe. This paper explores the impacts of the current forms of internal migration and shifts in labor-/employment-seeking behavior of youth within national boundaries in the African context using Ghana as a case study. The process is perceived to have been deepened by neoliberal programs and the continued adoption of extensive market liberalization and associated fiscal policies. The analysis of the study provides evidence of internal mobility of youth seeking employment within the boundaries of Ghana. This is in contrast to recent dominant discussions in the migration literature that tend to focus on migration of West African youth across the Sahara to Northern Africa and Southern Europe. This study utilizes data from the <i>Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS)</i> (Ghana Statistical Service [GSS], 2014a), which covered a nationwide sample of 18,000 households. This analysis centers on four administrative regions in Ghana that record the highest numbers of young internal migrants: Greater Accra, Western, Brong Ahafo, and Ashanti regions. The study shows that employment rates among migrant youth in urban destinations remain comparatively higher than those of nonmigrants. Out-migration therefore provides an avenue for unemployed youth to gain access to wider employment opportunities outside their homes or places of birth. Also, while migrations tend to follow a predominantly north-to-south trajectory, there is evidence of south-north and south-south movements, as well as movements to locations that are not necessarily urban. Conversely, our study found that young internal migrants are often engaged in less stable, noncontract employment, making them vulnerable to employer abuses and exploitation.

What are the treatment effects of a work-first participation programme on young unemployed people in the Netherlands?

This paper evaluates the effects of the employment programme on young unemployed people in the Netherlands. The effectiveness of the programme is measured by probability of both re-employment and participation within the regular educational system. This evaluation is made in comparison to that of an individual who would continue seeking employment as an openly unemployed person. The effects of the programme are evaluated a year/two years following the start of the programme. We apply a propensity score matching method. The identification of an average treatment effect is based on the conditional independence assumption. The effects on re-employment probability and the probability of participation in the regular educational system are statistically negative, applicable to both long and short-term scenarios.

Perceptions of the content and employability value of credentialed teaching certificates

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to gain a broader understanding of what department heads and doctoral students believe to be the value of credentialed teaching certificates. Using a survey methodology with participants (N= 450), the study focused on the extent to which a credentialed teaching certificate provides a competitive advantage when seeking employment, as well as the content (pedagogical knowledge) that is perceived to be important for such programmes. Using a cross-sectional survey design, results highlight significant differences between doctoral students and department heads regarding the content and value of a credentialed teaching certificate in higher education.

Aktywizacja zawodowa młodych osób bezrobotnych w wybranych powiatach ziemskich podregionu siedleckiego

Bezrobocie osób młodych należy aktualnie do najpoważniejszych problemów polskiego i unijnego rynku pracy. Na obydwu tych rynkach osoby młode stanowią blisko połowę ogółu bezrobotnych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest określenie stopnia zainteresowania bezrobotnych młodych mieszkańców wsi aktywnymi programami rynku pracy oraz diagnoza najczęściej stosowanych przez te osoby metod poszukiwania zatrudnienia. Podstawowym źródłem informacji są wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w trzech powiatach ziemskich podregionu siedleckiego.

Construction Safety and Health in the USA: Lessons From a Decade of Turmoil.

The construction industry is one of the largest and also most hazardous industries in the USA. It is affected more severely by the business cycle than most other industries. We examined industry trends during the last decade including the severe recession. During 2008 to 2010, as a result of the recession, 2.7 million workers and 20% of all employers left the industry. By 2010, the number and rate of traumatic fatalities had reached its lowest point ever, only to gradually increase again as the industry recovered from the recession. The risks of a fatality were disproportionate with employer size. The small employers (<20 employees), which account for 37.5% of employment, were responsible for 57% of all fatalities. These small employers are less likely to embrace essential safety culture practices and are slow to adopt new approaches to occupational safety and health. These employers-especially those which hire immigrant workers and self-employed workers-lag far behind in terms of adopting even essential elements of good safety cultures and management practices. Currently, there are no restrictions on going into business as a construction contractor or seeking employment as a construction worker. There is a great need to find ways to establish minimum qualifications for becoming a construction contractor and for becoming a construction worker. Some jurisdictions have established minimum occupational safety and health training. This is a good start, but qualifications must include greater emphasis on minimum skills requirements. State and local jurisdictions have good policy tools which could be deployed for this purpose but which have largely been neglected: licensing of both companies and workers could include skills qualifications; construction permits could include requirements for occupational safety and health; and greater use of criminal prosecution could be pursued where it is obvious that basic requirements for safety and health have been ignored.

Body Art as a Source of Employment Discrimination

Although body art (tattoos and piercings) has increased in popularity, it often puts individuals at a disadvantage when seeking employment. We examine if body art discrimination is based on type or severity of body art, how hiring managers perceive applicants with body art on job-related traits, and if certain individuals are more biased against body art. Participants with supervisory experience (N = 143) evaluated equally qualified Caucasian female job applicants in their mid-20s who varied on body art (no body art, mild tattoo, extreme tattoos, mild piercing, extreme piercings). We found that applicants with extreme tattoos were less likely to be hired and applicants with mild or severe tattoos were offered lower starting salaries than those without body art. Applicants with extreme tattoos were perceived as less competent and committed than applicants without body art. Finally, male participants and those with less supervisory experience were less likely to hire applicants with extreme tattoos. Managers with no or few tattoos were less likely to hire applicants with extreme tattoos or extreme piercings whereas managers with more piercings were less likely to hire applicants without body art.

From intern to practitioner to academic: the role of reflection in the development of a ‘sports scientist’

ABSTRACTFollowing my progression and development from an undergraduate sports science student to my present position as a lecturer in Coaching and Performance, I sought to reflect upon this journey and how each significant stage of my development has either challenged, developed, or influenced my career. In attempting to articulate and disseminate such information I have utilised reflective accounts that were recorded throughout this time. Consequently, the current paper seeks to present a reflective account of key stages within my own career and development, from the initial stages of a newly graduated sports science intern, into a novice practitioner undertaking a PhD before finally attaining a full-time position in academia. I hope that these insights into my own personal and professional development may help anyone seeking employment or working in the sports science industry.