Types Of Seedlings Research Articles

Monitoring pertumbuhan mangrove di area modulasi karang dan mangrove Kampus Tateli Politeknik Negeri Manado

Research conducted in the Coral and Mangrove Modulation Area of the Tateli Campus of the Polytechnic of Manado State, in January to October 2019 aims to identify and differentiate the types of mangroves and then obtain data on mangrove growth in the Coral & Mangrove Modulation Area of the Tateli Campus. Retrieval of data using an area of 20 m2 of mangrove modulation and divided into four quadrants measuring 10 m2, while the tools used are: a compass to determine the direction or azimuth of research, a meter to measure distances., A photo camera for documentation tools, computers and other stationery which is used for data processing and writing research, rope, Tally sheet., Height measuring devices. Observations and data collection in this study included the measurement of trees, saplings, seedling height, seedling leaves, and seedling branches. From the existing mangrove modulation, four quadrants of mangrove observation were obtained. There are a number of mangrove individuals whose growth is observed and seen from the height, number of leaves and branches of the mangrove. Based on observations, it was found that in quadrant one there were two types of mangroves in the seedling phase, namely Rhizophora Apiculata and Rhizophora Mucronata with a total of 17 individuals. The average leaves of R. Apiculata are 7 strands. Then in the second quadrant two mangrove species were found, namely R. Apiculata and Sonneratia Alba, with a total of 15 individuals where the average height of Rhizophora Apiculata seedlings was 78cm, while Sonneratia Alba was 25.71cm. Furthermore, in this third quadrant only one species of mangrove Sonneratia Alba was found in the seedling phase. In this quadrant there are 15 mangrove individuals, with an average height value of 28.33 cm, an average value of leaves of 7.8 strands, an average value of 0.27 branches and the last in the fourth quadrant there are four types of mangrove seedlings namely R. Apiculata, R. mucronata, Brugueira Gymnoriza, and Sonneratia Alba. In this quadrant, 30 individual mangrove seedlings were found. Based on these results it can be concluded that from the existing mangrove modulation, obtained four quadrants of mangrove observation. There are several mangrove individuals whose growth is observed, as seen from the height, number of leaves and branches of the mangrove. Then the average mangrove growth is dominated by R. mucronata species. Whereas the highest rate of mangrove growth for 10 months is Brugueira Sp. Keywords: Mangroves, Growth

PEMILIHAN BIBIT LELE UNGGUL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT

One method of computing that is quite developed today is the method of decision support systems. A decision support system is required in order to have the ability to process a fast, targeted, and accountable in generating a decision. In the breeding and cultivation of catfish there are types of catfish seedlings are superior and not superior seeds, where the fish seeds should be selected and separated between superior and not superior. In the process of selecting superior catfish seedlings, the right selection mechanism is needed in order to produce the appropriate decisions as expected. The result of this research is the development of decision support system that can help the cultivation of catfish produce decision about the type of superior fish seedlings quickly and precisely.

Influence of Type of Seedlings, Planting Methods and Nitrogen levels on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane Under Drip Fertigation

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years from 2013–14 to 2015–16 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in split plot design, planting methods as main plot treatments and levels of nitrogen as sub plot treatments under drip fertigation. The main plot treatments constitute paired row planting with single node seedlings, paired row planting with bud chip seedlings, dual row planting with single node seedlings, dual row planting with bud chip seedlings and normal planting with three budded setts. Sub plot treatments are 75% RDN, 100% RDN and 150% recommended dose of nitrogen supplied through drip. Pooled data analysis of three years indicated that planting of single node seed lings in dual rows of 150×45 cm2 (103.6 t ha−1) or paired rows of 60/120×60 cm (102.4 t ha−1) registered significantly higher cane yield as compared to the planting of bud chip seedlings in dual rows or paired rows and planting of three budded setts in furrows. Sugarcane cultivation with single node seedlings increased the cane yield to the tune of 5.0% compared to the normal planting under drip fertigation. However, bud chip seedlings also performed well in dual row planting. Application of nitrogen at 150% recommended dose through fertigation recorded significantly higher cane yield of 104.8 t ha−1 than 75% or 100% RDN.

Effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for callus and roots of halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)

BackgroundIce plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is a model plant for studying salt-tolerant mechanisms in higher plants. Many salt stress-responsive ice plant genes have been identified with molecular and biochemical approaches. However, no further functional characterization of these genes in host plant due to lack of easy and effective transformation protocols.ResultsTo establish efficient transformation system of ice plants, three types of ice plant materials, hypocotyl-derived callus, aseptically-grown seedlings and pot-grown juvenile plants, were used to develop Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols. The highest transient transformation efficiency was with 5-day-old ice plant callus co-incubated with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens at 2.5 × 109 cells mL−1 for 48 h. The 3-day-old ice plant seedlings with root tip removed were successfully infected with A. tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes, and obtained 85% and 33–100% transient transformation rates, respectively. The transient transformation assays in ice plant callus and seedlings demonstrated that the concentrations of Agrobacteria, the durations of co-incubation time, and the plant growth stages were three important factors affecting the transient transformation efficiencies. Additionally, pot-grown juvenile plants were syringe-injected with two A. rhizogenes strains A8196 and NCPPB 1855, to establish transformed roots. After infections, ice plants were grown hydroponically and showed GUS expressions in transformed roots for 8 consecutive weeks.ConclusionsOur Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols utilized hypocotyl-derived callus and seedlings as plant materials, which can be easily obtained in large quantity. The average successful transient transformation rates were about 2.4–3.0% with callus and 33.3–100.0% with seedlings. We also developed a rapid and efficient protocol to generate transgenic roots by A. rhizogenes infections without laborious and challenging tissue culture techniques. This protocol to establish composite ice plant system demonstrates excellent improvements in efficiency, efficacy, and ease of use over previous ice plant transformation protocols. These Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols can be versatile and efficient tools for exploring gene functions at cellular and organ levels of ice plants.

Diagnosis of Plant Cold Damage Based on Hyperspectral Imaging and Convolutional Neural Network

Cold damage is one of the disasters that cause significant loss and irreversible damage in crop production. To avoid yield loss, high-throughput phenotyping can be used to select the crop varieties with cold stress resistance. Nowadays, non-destructive spectral image analysis has become an effective way and is widely used in high-throughput phenotyping, which reflects the structural, physiological, biochemical characteristics and traits of plant structure and composition, plant growth and development processes and outcomes. This study used convolutional neural network (CNN) model to extract spectral features in the visible-near-infrared range to estimate cold damage of corn seedlings. The hyperspectral images of cold treated corn seedlings from five varieties were used as research objects in this study. The spectral range of the images was 450-885nm. Gaussian low-pass filter and the Savitzky-Golay smoothing method combined with the first-order derivative was used to do pre-processing for spectral data. For each corn variety, 3600 pixel samples obtained from the selected region of interests in each variety of corn seedlings were used for the CNN modeling. After the CNN modeling, 400 pixel samples extracted from the hyperspectral images were used as the testing set for each variety. Finally, a 10-layer knot CNN model was determined by analyzing the classification accuracy and computational efficiency. CNN detected the cold damage level of different types of corn seedlings as W22 (41.8 %), BxM (35%), B73 (25.6%), PH207 (20%), Mo17 (14%), which had high correlation with the ranking given by chemical method. The coefficient of correlation between cold damage detection results of CNN and results from chemical method is 0.8219. Therefore, it proves that spectral analysis based on CNN modeling can provide reference for detecting cold damage in corn seedlings.

Kinematic parameters determination of the drilling equipment designed to work in slope degraded terrains

This paper aims to present the cinematic parameters determination of a drilling equipment design to work in slope degraded terrains, based on field experimental data acquired in normal exploitation condition and also in heavy environmental conditions. This equipment is developed in order conduct forestation and rehabilitation works of degraded lands and to be incorporated on innovative planting technology (degraded soil processing, levelling and terrace surface modelling, planting settlement, etc). This technology answers to the need to implement measures of environmental rehabilitation and enhancement of slope-degraded forestlands, by development several performing equipments that answer to technological needs of this works (land stability, terrace dimensions, type of power source and seedlings planting variety) in order to rise to the performances and to respect the labour safety standards under difficult working conditions. Also, here in presented equipment has a great impact on forestry and pomiculture works, and also on environmental technical works meant to improve soil quality, lowering the surface and depth erosion, rainwater capitalization, lowering the dust pollution and natural calamity risk, and at last to rehabilitate the inland flora.

Growth and Development of Bananas (Musa sp.) Cultivated in Agroecological Systems in Northeastern Brazil

The banana is the most eaten tropical fruit and the second most harvested in the world, losing only to the orange. In this research, we aimed to evaluate the growth and development of different banana cultivars in response to the use of different types of seedlings and management methods used for plant propagation in agro-ecological systems. An experiment under randomized block design was applied in a factorial scheme of 2 × 2 × 2, with four blocks and two replicates in each block. The treatments comprised all combinations of the following sources of variation: cultivar—‘Pacovan’ and ‘Prata-anã’; seedlings weight—between 0.5 to 1.0 kg and above 1.0 kg; and method of propagation by rhizomes—with and without the acclimatization technique called “ceva”. The efficiency of each treatment was measured as the number of days to occur the following events: first sprouting, flowering, final harvest and the interval between flowering and harvest. No source of variation affected the day of flowering. Therefore, we fixed the value of flowering days as 260, independently of the cultivar or method of propagation. The analysis of the coordinate factors revealed that the variables that best explained the studied events were period of final harvest (92%), followed by interval between flowering and harvest (75%) and period of initial sprouting (71%). The propagation of ‘Prata-anã’ without “ceva” had the greatest efficiency, where as the propagation of ‘Pacovan’ without “ceva” had the worse efficiency. The propagations with “ceva” obtained intermediate values.

The structure and composition of vegetation and amphibian diversity in Arfak Mountain, West Papua

Beljai M, Worabai MS. 2018. The structure and composition of vegetation and amphibian diversity in Arfak Mountain, West Papua. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 4: 1-12. The forest formation around Didouhu River, Arfak Mountain District, West Papua Province, Indonesia is a habitat for a number of species of plants and animals of the class of amphibians that are not yet known scientifically. Therefore, information and data on vegetation structure and composition and amphibian diversity in the area are needed. The purpose of this research is to know the structure and composition of vegetation and the diversity of amphibian species in the forest area around Didouhu River. Vegetation data were collected using a combination method of path method and line plot systematic method, while amphibian type data were collected using visual encounter survey method. Vegetation data were analyzed using vegetation analysis method, while amphibian diversity was analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener index (index of species diversity), evenness index, and Jaccard similarity index (similarity index). From the result of vegetation analysis, there are 65 types of vegetation covering 50 types of seedlings with a density of 17,500 individuals/ha, 50 types of sapling with a density of 4,085 individuals/ha, 42 types of pole with density of 506 individuals/ha, and 28 species of tree level with a density of 108 individuals/ha. There were eight types of vegetation with the highest importance value index (IVi) which dominates between three and four growth phases, namely Dodonaea viscosa (IVi=166,80%), Lithocarpus ruvofilosus (IVi=83,68%), Lithocarpus aspericulata (IVi=69,47%), Rhus lamprocarpa (IVi=54.44%), Melicope sp. (IVi=40,41%), Drimys piperita (IVi=39,91%), Pouteria sp. (IVi=34.29%), and Galbulimima belgraveana (IVi=31.85%). The eight types of vegetation are the principal founders of plant communities in forest ecosystems around the Didouhu River. Amphibians are found in four types, namely Litoria arfakiana, Asterophrys sp., Rana grisea, and Lechriodus platyceps. The diversity of amphibian species in the study sites was moderate (H '= 3.14) with low species inter-species similarity (S = 0.17). The level of evenness is high (E = 0.91), where there is one type of L. arfakiana found in two research sites (locations A and B). Overall, the location of the study is quite damp, lots of puddles, riparian vegetation quite dense, and has rocky soil conditions and litter, making it a suitable habitat for amphibians of the Order of Anura.

Arabidopsis SHL1 protein binds to a specific sequence of the TCH4 promoter in vitro

The Arabidopsis SHL1 (Short Life 1) gene encodes a small nuclear protein that is critical for the proper expression of the developmental programs that are responsible for controlling plant stature, senescence, flowering and seed formation. The SHL1 contains a single PHD finger domain that works in conjunction with a bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) motif that is thought to function significantly in protein-protein interactions. The TCH4 gene of the Arabidopsis encodes a xylogluclan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase that is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of hormonal and environmental stimuli. We report here in this study that the SHL1 exhibits sequence specific DNA binding properties, recognizing a 14 bp region of the TCH4 promoter in vitro, spanning nucleotides -262 to -275 (GGAAAAAACTCCCA). Chiefly, the nuclear extracts of Arabidopsis contain a protein with similar binding properties as recombinant SHL1, which is absent in identified transgenic plants that are noted as expressing antisense SHL1 RNA. Interestingly, the SHL1 gene expression with a BL treatment in characteristically wild types of seedlings showed that the transcript level of SHL1 is significantly down regulated by the BL treatment. The SHL1 may play a subtle role in regulating the kinetics of induction of the TCH4 in response to several stimuli in vivo.

EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN Trichoderma sp UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM (Fusarium oxysporium) DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN PISANG

This research was conducted in Pante Cermin, Padang Tiji Subdistrict, Pidie District. in March to August 2015, with the aim to know the use efficienci of Trichoderma sp on the growth of several types of Banana seedlings (Musa Paracica L.) This research using Randomized Block Design (RAK) factorial pattern with the factors studied is the type of banana and trichoderma dose . Both factors consist of 4 levels: Banana Barangan (J1), Ambon banana (J2), Banana King (J3) and Geupok banana (J4). While the dose of Tricoderma sp is: TO = 0 g / seeds T1 = 15 g / seeds T2 = 30 g / seedlings and T3 = 45 g / seedlings. So there are 16 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times, which resulted in 48 experimental units.To determine the influence of each treatment and its interaction on the growth of banana seedlings, the analysis of variance (Test F) and continued with the test of Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) at 5% level.The results showed that the growth of good banana seedlings among 4 species studied was shown by Barangan bananas, but not unlike bananas. However, trichoderma administration until the age of 4 months has not shown the growth and intensity of different attacks. So it should be extended the study period to 6 months. After 6 months of research there has been a difference in growth and intensity of attack, where the intensity of the greatest attack is shown by T0 (without trichoderma). Medium intensity of smallest attack is shown by T3 (Dose trichoderma sp 45 gr / banana seedlings). The type of banana does not affect the growth and intensity of fusarium wilt attack. and the interaction of these two factors had no significant effect on the growth of banana seedlings and the intensity of Fusarium wilt disease.

Metabolomics and its physiological regulation process reveal the salt-tolerant mechanism in Glycine soja seedling roots

Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is an excellent germplasm resource and has strong resistance and wide adaptability to different environments. Hence, the physiology and metabolomics characteristics of wild soybean under different types of salt stress were determined to improve understanding of salt-tolerant mechanisms of wild soybean in the field. Two types of wild soybean seedlings were exposed to two different types of salt stress for 14 d. The photosynthesis of wild soybean seedling extracts were analyzed using metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The wild soybean root extracts used metabolomics to quantify the metabolic changes and ion contents. The assimilative function of photosynthesis in salt-tolerant wild soybean was less inhibited than in common wild soybean, and it regulated accumulation of toxic ions and maintained the accumulation of K+ and Mg2+ to alleviate salt stress. Moreover, in resisting salt stress the salt-tolerant wild soybean has showed improved amino acid and carbohydrate and polyol metabolisms under neutral-salt stress and organic acid, amino acid and tricarboxylic acid metabolisms under alkali-salt stress. Our results provide valuable insights into the response of salt-tolerant wild soybean to two types of salt stress by linking stress-related physiological responses to changes in metabolites.

Tree seedling response to LED spectra: implications for forest restoration

We found that different spectra, provided by light-emitting diodes or a fluorescent lamp, caused different photomorphological responses depending on tree seedling type (coniferous or broad-leaved), species, seedling development stage, and seedling fraction (shoot or root). For two conifers (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) soon after germination (≤40 days), more seedling growth was related to a lower ratio of red-to-far-red (R:FR) light. As growth continued to 120 days, spectra with a greater complement of blue light yielded more growth. Roots showed more plasticity to light spectra than shoots. In general for the evergreen broad-leaved Quercus ilex, spectra with additional R:FR than for conifers yielded more growth in the first 57 days. Subsequently as seedlings grew, shoot growth appeared to be influenced less by light source than roots, with root length showing the greatest responses. Our results suggest that manipulating light spectra to foster desired seedling traits may be another tool for use in the production of high-quality seedlings as defined through the Target Plant Concept. Such seedlings are needed for restoration of the two billion hectares of degraded forestland, especially on harsh sites such as those found in the Mediterranean region, and to sequester carbon to mitigate climate change.

Influence of triacontanol on morphometric parameters and nitrate content in Helianthus annus L. and Cucumis sativus L. seedling

Studying of plant growth stimulants is an important task for scientists. Triacontanol Н 3 С(СН 2 ) 28 СН 2 ОН is a fatty alcohol, also known as melicylic alcohol or myricyl alcohol found in cuticular waxes of plants, and is a part of beeswax. Triacontanol was first discovered as a component of alfalfa cuticular wax Medicago sativa L. Study of the biological activity of this alcohol began in the last century and continues in different countries. Industrial produced triacontinol sample obtained from the beeswax contains impurities of other fatty alcohols that can neutralize the effect of the triacontanol. Study of the industrial produced triacontanol sample from Huzhou Sifeng Biochem Co.Ltd, China on growth and content of nitrates in sunflower and cucumber seedlings was conducted. In the industrial produced triakontanol used in our experiments, the composition of alcohols was as follows: triacontanol 95.6%, dotirancontanol 1.9 %, octacosanol 1.3 %, nonaccosanol 0.38 %, and the rest (less than 0.5 %) belong to heptacosanol and hexacosanol. Our studies have shown that the preparation at a concentration of 1 mg/L increases morphometric indices of sunflower seedlings and cucumbers, while the concentration of 25 mg/L reduces them, and the concentration of 10 mg/L is almost unaffected. With an increase of triacontanol concentration the content of nitrates decreased in both types of seedlings (however, within the statistical error), which may be explained by an increase in the intensity of the use of nitrates. Concomitant alcohols available in the industrial produced triacontanol sample, practically haven’t any effect. In our opi­nion, triacontanol can be applied in crop production to increase plant growth. Concentra­tion of 1 mg/L is the most effective, and therefore, available for use in agriculture, as well as for cultivation the of medicinal plants. Consequently, the use of triacontanol is an effective way to increase the size of plant seedlings, that may result in an increase in the yield of these plants.

Acute effects of crude oilfor three common mangrove seedling in segara anakan nature reserve (sanr) cilacap, Indonesia

The growth of three mangrove species seedlings,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculataand Ceriops decandra in sediments contaminated by crude oil. Thisresearchwas designed to evaluate the acute effects of crude oil on the growth and survival performance of mangrove seedling in 4-week field experiment. Three treatments(sub plot) were compared with the control (no oil added) usingi.e. 100 ml, 120 ml and 140 ml crude oil applied once, in a split-plot design with nine replicates. The result showed the extent of survival has maximum for B. gymnorrhiza while it was minimum for C. decandra. The growth of mangrove seedlings was decrease with higher concentrations of crude oil. Stem height of B. gymnorrhiza seedling higher than R. apiculata and C. decandra.We observed, severe damage in the epidermis and the cortex at the root of all three types of mangrove seedlings when crude oil applied at 140 ml.

Performance of rice varieties with types of seedling under late planted lowland situation

A field experiment was conducted under late planted lowland situations during wet seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Jorhat to evaluate the performance of 3 late planted sali (kharif) rice varieties (Prafulla, Gitesh and Monoharsali) under 3 planting dates (10, 20 and 30 September) with 2 types of seedling (Nursery seedling and double planted seedling). Results revealed that delaying planting dates from 10 September to 30 September significantly and consistently reduced both grain and straw yields along with all the yield attributing characters during both the years. On an average, the grain and straw yield reduction being 58.3 and 19.3 per cent, respectively. Among the varieties tested, rice variety ‘Monoharsali’ outyielded the variety, ‘Prafulla’ and ‘Gitesh’. Double planted seedlings of 60 days (30 + 30 days) old recorded significantly higher yields and all the yield attributes over the use of 60 days nursery seedling. The highest net return and benefit-cost ratio was recorded when rice variety, ‘Monoharsali’ was transplanted on 10 September using 60 days (30 + 30 days) double planted seedling.

Long term survival and growth performance of selected seedling types in Cedar ( ) afforestation in Turkey

Long term survival and growth performance of selected seedling types in Cedar ( ) afforestation in Turkey

Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance

Plant genetic variation and soil microorganisms are individually known to influence plant responses to climate change, but the interactive effects of these two factors are largely unknown. Using long-term observational studies in the field and common garden and greenhouse experiments of a foundation tree species (Pinus edulis) and its mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) associates, we show that EMF community composition is under strong plant genetic control. Seedlings acquire the EMF community of their seed source trees (drought tolerant vs. drought intolerant), even when exposed to inoculum from the alternate tree type. Drought-tolerant trees had 25% higher growth and a third the mortality of drought-intolerant trees over the course of 10 y of drought in the wild, traits that were also observed in their seedlings in a common garden. Inoculation experiments show that EMF communities are critical to drought tolerance. Drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant seedlings grew similarly when provided sterile EMF inoculum, but drought-tolerant seedlings grew 25% larger than drought-intolerant seedlings under dry conditions when each seedling type developed its distinct EMF community. This demonstration that particular combinations of plant genotype and mutualistic EMF communities improve the survival and growth of trees with drought is especially important, given the vulnerability of forests around the world to the warming and drying conditions predicted for the future.

Embryo and seedling morphology of some Trigonella L. species (Fabaceae) and their taxonomic importance

The current study aims to evaluate the significance of embryo and seedling characters in the taxonomy of genus Trigonella L. Embryo and seedling morphology of 33 accessions of the genus belonging to 9 sections were examined using stereo-microscopy. Observation showed considerable variations among the studied taxa. The different types of embryos and seedlings were illustrated, compared and analyzed based on morphological characters such as cotyledons shape and colour, radicle shape and position, prophyl leaf shape and margin and their taxonomic importance were discussed. Our phenetic analysis partially supported the sectional classification of section Falcatulae and Foenum-graecum based on existing morphological data. However, section Callicerates seemed to be more closely related to section Cylindricae and not to section Verae, that is not consistent with the phylogenetic analysis and morphological features. Thus, we can say that embryo and seedlings characters are taxonomically important but cannot be used alone for sectional classification of Trigonella.

Effect of Seedling Type in Morphology and Quality of Brutian pine ( Pinus brutia Ten.) Seedlings

Effect of Seedling Type in Morphology and Quality of Brutian pine ( Pinus brutia Ten.) Seedlings

BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY FROM FIVE TYPES OF SEEDLINGS

After germination process, the green seedlings accumulate important quantities of bioactive compounds such as: enzymes, vitamins, minerals, chlorophylls and nutrients. The current study presents a comparison between different bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity, after the seedling germination and growth of five seeds (arugula, lentil, wheat, beans and mustard) both on soil, in a pot (natural system), and directly on cotton wool soaked, in water (artificial system). In this study the carotenoids content and the antioxidant capacity were analysed. The data of the present study showed that the highest amount of zeaxanthin and β - carotene was found in cultivars of wheat grown in natural system, while the highest antioxidant activity was found in cultivars of wheat, lentils and beans, though in this case with no statistical differences between the systems. The results show statistical differences between the values of bioactive compounds in the five types of seedlings but also in the values obtained for the same seedlings in different systems. The best cultivars for improving the nutritional quality for human consumption are wheat seedlings followed by lentil ones.