Seed Sowing Research Articles

The Effect of Non-woven Cover and Seedling Techniques on Plant Growth and Bulb Yield of Onion

This study aims to determine the effect of different cultivation techniques on onion plant growth and bulb yield in harsh continental climates and the short vegetation period. Three onion varieties with different dry skin colors were used as plant material. The techniques tried were: direct seed sowing, covering with non-woven fabric after sowing of seeds, planting seedlings, and covering with non-woven fabric after planting seedlings. The study was carried out in open field conditions in the Kayseri province where located in the central Anatolia region for two years. As a result of the study, it was determined that the interaction effects of the cultivar x cultivation technique had a statistically significant effect on all measured parameters. Although germination and emergence were observed in all varieties in both cultivation techniques, which started with direct seed sowing, plant development remained weak. The bulb formation was observed in only one variety in cultivation with seed sowing. In both techniques with seedlings, all varieties formed bulbs. Seedling planting + use of cover material had a positive effect on both yield and quality criteria for the bulbs. When all the results are evaluated together, it is understood that although the degree of effectiveness varies depending on the cultivars, seedling planting is a very effective technique for onions production in these climate conditions.

Design and Development of a Two-row Power Operated Maize Dibbler

Seed sowing is an essential and time-bound process agriculture. The basic objective of the sowing operation is to put the seed in rows at the desired depth and maintain seed to seed spacing, covering the seeds with soil and providing proper compaction over the seed. Early or postponed sowing adversely disturbs the crop yield. Therefore, the sowing of seeds in the optimum level is important to ensure more outcomes and high quality of crops. At present, the maize planting is done manually by broadcasting, dibbling, putting seed behind the plough, and other methods or with the help of animal or tractor-drawn seed drills/planters. Though, these techniques have many problems, such as worse efficiency and reduced quality seed placement. Currently among different sowing methods, dibbler planter delivers more uniform and adaptable seed spacing than other approaches for sowing hybrid seeds. But available dibbler planter has some shortcomings of lower field capacity. By considering the apparent advantage of the dibbler planter mechanism, the power-operated dibbler planter for pulse crop was modified and improved to minimize the problems of the existing dibbler planter. Henceforth, the two-row power-operated dibbler was designed and developed to promote mechanization of maize planting operation among small and marginal farmers.

Inclusion of organic components in culture medium to improve the in vitro propagation of Cattleya warscewiczii and Cattleya gaskelliana

Worldwide, orchid species are threatened mainly due to human action. For this reason, it is important search for inexpensive in vitro culture media that will help their rapid germination, propagation and conservation. Therefore, this research evaluated the viability, germination and in vitro development of Cattleya gaskelliana and Cattleya warscewiczii using different culture media. Capsules of the orchids were collected, seeds were submitted to different pretreatments (Chlorine 0.5%, Chlorine 1%, distilled water and Sucrose) and seed viability were tested with two concentrations of tetrazolium (0.25% and 0.5%) and two exposure times (24 h and 48 h). Afterwards, the seeds were grown on the following culture media: Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, MS plus 0.5 mg L − 1 of indoleacetic acid (MS+IAA), MS plus 0.5 mg L − 1 of gibberellic acid (MS+GA3), MS supplemented with coconut water (MS+C), MS supplemented with pineapple juice (MS+P) and the commercial medium Orchid Seed Sowing Medium (OSM). Viability for Cattleya gaskelliana was 90.6% in 0.5% tetrazolium, whereas for Cattleya warscewiczii was 90% in 0.25% concentration at 48 h exposure. The most efficient media regarding seedling development of C. gaskelliana and C. warscewiczii during 18 weeks of cultivation were MS+C and MS+P with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). The use of organic components in the culture media, favors the seeds germination, stimulates the growth and development of C. gaskelliana and C. warscewiczii, contributing in this way, in the decrease of costs generated by plant growth regulators.

Technical and technological foundations of soil cultivation in conditions of climate change

Purpose. To determine promising directions for the development of the technical and technological foundations of soil cultivation in the conditions of climate change. Methods. Monographic, abstract-logical, graph-analytical, induction and deduction, regression analysis of results. Results. Modern soil cultivation technologies are considered, their advantages and disadvantages, development trends are defined. It has been established that climate change will significantly affect the terms of execution of works, the conditions of interaction of working bodies of technical means with the soil environment. The parabolic relationship between traction resistance and soil moisture means that climate change will increase fuel costs for tillage. Therefore, the further search for new technical and technological solutions should be aimed at reducing energy consumption and preventing physical degradation of soils, substantiating structural and functional schemes of technical means for soil cultivation, parameters of working bodies and modes of operation, under which the number of dust particles in the surface layer of the soil will be minimal. Conclusions. The main direction of the development of the technical and technological base for the production of plant products in the conditions of climate change is the harmonization of the interaction of the working bodies of tillage machines with the soil, which will ensure the reduction of physical soil degradation and energy consumption to create a favorable environment for plant development and crop formation. In the conditions of global climate change, agricultural production is being reoriented towards precision farming systems, therefore, crop production technologies should be based on targeted tillage with the simultaneous introduction of a full dose of mineral nutrition into the seed sowing area for the planned harvest, sowing of seeds and preservation of plant residues on the surface of the soil for protection it from overheating and loss of moisture. Keywords: technical means, soil cultivation technologies, interaction of working bodies with the soil, soil moisture, soil resistance, energy consumption, physical soil degradation.

The theory of oscillating movement in the soil of a toothed disc colter of a direct seeding grain seeder

Purpose. Establishing theoretical regularities of oscillatory movements of the disc colter assembly of a direct seeding planter to justify its rational modes, which ensures high-quality sowing of seeds in the soil. Methods. During the research, methods of the theory of agricultural machines and modeling of technological processes performed by them, methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, as well as numerical calculations using a personal computer were used. Results. Compiled differential equations of translational and angular oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter, which arise under the action of reactions from the soil surface during the movement of the seeding unit along the unevenness of the field surface. The analytical solution of the specified differential equations made it possible to obtain expressions for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of the studied oscillations depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the colter unit and the parameters of the soil surface irregularities. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions, graphical dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter on the speed of its translational movement with different stiffness of the springs of the double-spring suspension were constructed. Conclusions 1. A rational combination of the design parameters of the seeding unit, the speed of its translational movement, and the parameters of the unevenness of the soil surface, which achieve the necessary quality of seed sowing, is ensured by their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies. 2. The obtained expressions for determining the amplitudes and frequencies of vertical oscillations of the colter assembly make it possible to minimize the magnitude of these oscillations and their impact on the quality of seed sowing. 3. Resonance values of the amplitude of oscillations are obtained when the frequency of disturbances of the colter assembly coincides with the natural frequency at speeds of translational movement of the seeder from 0.6 m s–1 to 1.0 m s–1. In the case of an increase in the speed of movement from 1.2 m s–1 to 4 m s–1 with the stiffness of the springs = 16815–67270 N∙m–1, = 17150–68600 N∙m–1, the indicators of the amplitude of vertical oscillations stabilize and acquire values, which are within 0.01–0.0004 m, respectively. Keywords: seeder, colter unit, toothed discs, soil surface irregularities, oscillations, differential equations, amplitude, frequency.

Design and Development of Solar Powered Autonomous Seed Sowing Robot

Design and Development of Solar Powered Autonomous Seed Sowing Robot

Development of an Autonomous Seed Sowing Robot for Agricultural Applications in Rural Areas

Development of an Autonomous Seed Sowing Robot for Agricultural Applications in Rural Areas

Influence of Planting Method and Nitrogen Dose on Growth and Yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.)

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during Rabi season 2018-19 to find out the influence of planting methods and nitrogen dose on growth and yield of Quinoa-a highly nutritious super food newly introduced in Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a Split-plot design with 3 replications. Two planting methods viz., i) seed sowing (M1) and ii) seedling planting (M2) in the main plot and eight nitrogen doses viz., i) Control (F1), ii) 50 kg N ha-1 (F2), iii) 100 kg N ha-1 (F3), iv) 150 kg N ha-1 (F4), v) 180 kg N ha-1 (F5), vi) 200 kg N ha-1 (F6), vii) 220 kg N ha-1 (F7) and ix) 250 kg N ha-1 (F8) in the sub-plot were assigned. Almost all the studied characters were found statistically significant due to variation in treatments. The higher plant height, leaf number plant-1, branch number plant-1 and inflorescence height were observed in seedling transplantation than seeds sowing. Increment of nitrogen doses increased the plant height, leaves number plant-1, branch number plant-1, inflorescence height and SPAD value up to 150-200 kg N ha-1 and then decreased. Higher doses of nitrogenous fertilizer application increased the grain weight. Planting seedling with 150 kg N ha-1 showed the highest seed yield (1227.43 kg ha-1) which was similar to 180 kg N ha-. Cultivation of quinoa with 25 days old seedlings and 150 kg N ha-1 gave 206.77% higher yield compared to that of control and it was 64.71% higher in case of seeds sowing with similar nitrogen dose. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 83-92

Оценка влияния предпосевной обработки семян растворами микроудобрений на посевные качества семян и морфофизиологические показатели проростков сортов ярового ячменя

The object of research is spring barley of brewing purpose of Vladimir, Laurika and Kalkul varieties. The purpose of the study: to assess the effect of microfertilizers on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of spring barley seedlings of various varieties, to justify the feasibility of pre-sowing spraying with microfertilizer solutions. The research was conducted in 2021 in the laboratory of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy of the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. As a result, it was found that the use of Agromix increases the germination energy and contributes to a significant increase in the laboratory germination of barley seeds for all varieties, increases the growth and development of barley seedlings. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, SEED TREATMENT, SEED SOWING QUALITIES

Оценка влияния предпосевной обработки семян растворами микроудобрений на посевные качества семян и морфофизиологические показатели проростков сортов ярового ячменя

The object of research is spring barley of brewing purpose of Vladimir, Laurika and Kalkul varieties. The purpose of the study: to assess the effect of microfertilizers on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of spring barley seedlings of various varieties, to justify the feasibility of pre-sowing spraying with microfertilizer solutions. The research was conducted in 2021 in the laboratory of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy of the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. As a result, it was found that the use of Agromix increases the germination energy and contributes to a significant increase in the laboratory germination of barley seeds for all varieties, increases the growth and development of barley seedlings. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, SEED TREATMENT, SEED SOWING QUALITIES

Design and Development of Solar Operated Automatic Seed Sowing Machine

Design and Development of Solar Operated Automatic Seed Sowing Machine

Asymbiotic Germination and Seedling Development of Terrestrial Orchid Bletilla striata Using in vitro and ex vitro Cultures

Procedures for asymbiotic germination and seedling development under in vitro and ex vitro conditions were investigated for Bletilla striata. Five different asymbiotic germination media (½ P6668 ¬Phytamax Orchid Maintenance Media, ½ P6668 ¬Phytamax Orchid Maintenance Media with coconut water, P723 PhytoTechnology Orchid Seed Sowing Media, P723 PhytoTechnology Orchid Seed Sowing Media with coconut water, and ½ MS media) for in vitro culture and sphagnum moss for ex vitro culture were examined for their effectiveness for 8 weeks on seed germination and seedling development of B. striata. Germination occurred in all media, however, the best germination rate was obtained in P723 medium with coconut water while the lowest frequency was obtained in sphagnum moss. Moreover, the highest leaf parameters of the seedlings of B. striata developed in ½ MS medium when the seedlings in sphagnum moss showed the lowest results. Furthermore, all germinated protocorms showed rhizoid formation in all media.

The influence of sowing and planting seedlings at different dates in autumn on the yield and quality of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

Turkey is the world’s leading country in legal poppy cultivation and morphine production. As with other producing countries, the poppy is traditionally cultivated in Turkey through the sowing of seeds during the autumn. However, if the seasonal rains are insufficient and irregular, this can lead to problems with germination and emergence. In this research, the option of solving these problems by using seedlings in production, instead of seeds, was investigated. The study compares the yield and quality performance of the two production methods, planting seedlings and direct seed sowing in the poppy cultivar ‘Ofis-4’. Field experiments were conducted on three sowing/planting dates, namely October fifteenth, November first, and November fifteenth, during the growing seasons of 2017/18 and 2018/19 in the semi-arid ecological conditions of the southwestern region of Turkey. The plants produced by seedling transplantation and by sowing were compared in terms of the yields of seeds and capsules along with yield-related traits and the contents of seed-fixed oil and capsule opium alkaloids. The planting seedling method was seen to be an average of one week faster than the sowing method. In terms of the sowing/planting time delays in the autumn season, it was also observed that the ripening difference between both propagation methods started to narrow. If the general averages are considered, the highest capsule and seed yields were obtained from planting seedling on October fifteenth, the first planting date, in both years. Since the planting dates were late, the capsule and seed yield decreased while it was found that the contents of capsule alkaloids, except morphine and codeine, were not significantly affected by the production method and sowing/planting dates. On the other hand, the direct sowing method and first sowing date produced the highest morphine (0.53 and 0.58 %, respectively) and codeine (0.101 and 0.126 %, respectively) contents. It was therefore concluded that the seedling planting method can be recommended as an alternative to the direct sowing method traditionally applied in poppy production for the achieving of high capsule and seed yields.

Transition of Agricultural Mechanization, Agricultural Economy, Government Policy and Environmental Movement Related to Rice Production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam after 2010

This study examines sustainable agricultural development in Vietnam by focusing on rice production in the Mekong Delta. Vietnam is the third largest rice-exporting country in the world and more than 90% of rice for export is from the Mekong Delta. We attempt to identify changes in the rice industry, specifically examining farming mechanization, trends in farm operation, and farm household economy. The main structure of our study is based on our direct interviews with 420 farmer households, 81 registered large farm owners, 75 farming service providers, and local government members. We carried out those interviews in 2013 and 2014. We identified several important changes brought by technological advances, economic modernization, government policies, and environmental movements. One important finding was the increasing trend of agricultural land per farmer household, such as from 1.98 to 2.27 ha in 2010 to 2018, and the decreasing trend of labor force, which pushed up agricultural mechanization. Another point was the land law revised in 2013, which allowed farmers to borrow (no private land ownership in Vietnam) farms up to 30ha/household if registered as a “Trang Trai” farm. Farmers accepted the use of tractors and combine harvesters; however, rice seed sowing was not mechanized, so rice transplanters were rarely used for rice planting. Among the processes of rice production, sowing of rice seeds was the least mechanized. In order to achieve more sustainable agricultural practices, we recommend improving the mechanization of the rice seed sowing process for the Mekong Delta farmers with acceptable conditions. Another finding was positive movements among Mekong Delta researchers and farmers to improve their rice quality to be accepted as high-quality rice in the global rice market and to dispel the bad reputation of the past.

RF Controlled Solar Seed Sowing Machine

Radio Frequency based solar controller is designed for seed sowing machine. Recently, farmers facing many economical issues, so they move in search of some other jobs. This reduces skilled labours in agriculture field. But agriculture is the back bone of our country, so we need to introduce some efficient methods to improve farming. In this Seed sowing machine, based on the instruction given the machine will operate in three modes like slow, medium and speed. Arduino is used to control the machine. Sowing, Spreading and Ploughing mechanisms can be done by using this machine. Using solar panels can improve the efficiency. The controller is designed to make the machine to drive in slant surface of 45 degree and also sense obstacles situated front and back of the machine. The distance between the two seeds will be adjusted using the motor in the machine. This type of machine will be more useful in agriculture field. Further improvements like watering based on the soil moisture will be made in future.

Effect of the medium composition on the asymbiotic germination and in vitro development of the Laeliocattleya hybrid

In vitro cultivation techniques are viable alternatives for the germination and production of orchid seedlings in a short period. From another perspective, when studying the optimal germination conditions, knowing about the seeds viability is essential. Therefore, this research aimed to study the appropriate medium for germination and in vitro development of xLaeliocattleya Richard Muller. In addition, optimal preconditioning was determined to enhance the tetrazolium test. Initially, the indehiscent capsules were collected in a nursery in Bochalema-Norte de Santander. From them, seeds were obtained for the preconditioning and germination tests. One portion was subjected to different precondition treatments: distilled water, sodium hypochlorite (0.5–1.0%) and sucrose (10%). Afterwards, seeds were rinsed and exposed to different concentrations and exposure periods of tetrazolium. Regarding in vitro cultivation, the commercial medium Orchid Seed Sowing Medium, Murashige & Skoog (MS), and the MS supplemented with coconut water (MSC), pineapple juice (MSP) and gibberellic acid (MSGA3) were evaluated. The highest percentage of viability was obtained by subjecting the seeds to preconditioning with 10% sucrose and keeping them for 24 h in a 0.5% tetrazolium solution. With respect to the MS media used, those enriched with organic supplements proved to be superior to the other treatments since the highest results were achieved both in asymbiotic germination (56 ± 2.8%) and in seedlings formation (25.8 ± 0.8) with the MSP medium, followed by the MSC medium. In this way, a viable and low-cost alternative is offered for the commercial propagation of xLaeliocattleya Richard Muller.

Possibilities of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Orchard Establishment by Sowing of Seed or Planting of Seedling in Non-Irrigated Condition

Bu çalışmada tohum ekimi ve çöğür dikimlerinin farklı zamanlarda yapılmasının çöğür yaşama oranı ve gelişimine etkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, tohum ekimi ve çöğür dikimleri kasım, aralık ve ocak olmak üzere 3 farklı ay olarak planlanmıştır. Tohumlara ekimden önce kontrol dışında iki farklı ön işlem (30 dk asit ve 30 dk asit + 1 gün suda bekletme) uygulanmıştır. Tohumla ilgili çalışmada, çimlenme oranı, süresi ve enerjisi uygulama ve aylara göre saptanmıştır. Daha sonraki aşamada, ekim ve dikim yolu ile elde edilen çöğürlerde yaşama oranı belirlenmiştir. Yaşayan çöğürlerde 2 yıl süresince 3 ay aralıklarla çöğür çap ve boy ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Tohumla ilgili olarak yürütülen çalışmalarda çimlenme oranı, çimlenme enerjisi ve çimlenme süresi açısından en uygun ay ocak olarak belirlenmiştir. Çimlenme oranı, çimlenme enerjisi ve süresi bakımından her iki ön işlem uygulaması kontrole göre daha başarılı sonuç vermiştir. En yüksek yaşama oranı %56.67 ile ocak ayında 30 dk. asit uygulamasından gelişen çöğürlerde ve en düşük yaşama oranı ise %6.67 ile kasım ayının kontrol uygulamasından gelişen çöğürlerde kaydedilmiştir. Dikim yolu ile elde edilen çöğürlerde en yüksek yaşama oranı %93.64 ile ocak ayında dikilen çöğürlerde saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, tohum ekimi ve çöğür dikimi için en uygun zaman ocak ayı olduğunu ve tohumlara ekimden önce mutlaka ön işlem uygulamasının gerekli olduğu göstermiştir.

Design and fabrication of smart seed sowing robot

In agriculture, there is a need for a technology that is more easily understood, implemented and used by the farmers. Equipment that requires less human effort and time with less cost of implementation is much required for success in the agricultural industry. Seed sowing robot is a device that helps in the sowing of seeds in the desired position hence assisting the farmers in saving time and money. Seed sowing is one of the main processes of farming activities. It requires a substantial amount of human efforts and also time-consuming. This project aims to design and fabrication of the smart seed sowing robot for the mentioned task. This smart seed sowing robot consists of one robotic arm to sow the seeds from the seeds container. The robot arm is controlled through the mobile application to get the desired positions of the arm. Once all the positions are set, the arm sows the seed automatically after the switching button ON. The wheel of the robot also controlled through the mobile application. Thus, this system completely automates the seed sowing process using a smartly designed mechanical system. This robot reduces the efforts and the total cost of sowing as the seeds.

Experimental Analysis on Intelligent Seed Sowing Mobile Robot Through Ant Colony Optimization

The world economy and culture are mapped with agriculture sector. Motivating the farmers from the conventional method of harvesting to innovative methods leads to better yield of products with less risk factor. Many inventors tried for better interaction between man and machine, found improved results. In this work, Intelligent Seed Sowing Mobile Robot (ISSMR) designed, fabricated and programmed for automated seed sowing process in cultivation. In scrupulous, this Mobile Robot (MR) navigates in a straight line while sowing the seeds, at the end of each line MR takes either right or left turn with a perpendicular angle, take an offset distance and navigate again in a straight line parallel to the previous line in the opposite direction. After reaching a length equal to first reference line MR takes a perpendicular left angle and continues the cycle. The ISSMR is tested with two techniques; one intelligent navigation another Ant colony optimization. The machine is tested along with a number of iterations of the same process of seed sowing. There is flexibility in the program to change the line length and offset distance. The distribution of seeds maintained uniformly along the length of the straight line. The ISSMR alerts the farmer for the presence of obstacle through buzzer, so that farmer removes the obstacle. The experimental results of the ISSMR in both the techniques are compared and found satisfactory. Hence, this intelligent machine is recommended to farmers for improved cultivation.

Вплив норми висіву та ширини міжрядь на урожайність сої в умовах Лісостепу Західного

Among agricultural crops, soybean acreage is growing most dynamically. This is due to the universality of its purpose - food, feed, technical. Along with the increase in sown areas, the range of soybean varieties is expanding, which in the context of climate change necessitates the search for new and improvement of existing technological methods of growing this crop. One of the ways to increase the yield of soybean grain is to optimize the parameters of its sowing - the sowing rate and the distance between rows. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of seed sowing rate and row spacing on soybean yield in the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field - laying and conducting field experiments, observation - focusing on the processes of growth, development and formation of soybean grain productivity, analogy - comparisons between variants of the experiment. The research was conducted in the collection and research field of a separate division of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Zalishchyk Agrarian College named after E. Khraplyvy" during 2015-2017. Sowing of soybean seeds (500, 600, 700, 800 thousand / ha of similar seeds). Soil and climatic conditions are typical for the research area. Results. According to the results of three-year research it is established that in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe the optimal sowing rate of soybean seeds of early-ripening varieties is 700 thousand / ha of similar seeds, and the distance between rows is 30 cm. The combination of these parameters provides a soybean yield of 2.97 t / ha. Changing the sowing rate of seeds in the direction of increase or decrease has a negative effect on the yield of soybean grain, causing its decrease compared to the option, which sows 700 thousand / ha of similar seeds. Narrowing between rows (row sowing method - 15 cm) or expanding them to 45 cm (wide row sowing method) also causes a decrease in soybean grain productivity.