Seed Husk Research Articles

Correction of eating habits in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders

The International Diabetes Federation estimates that approximately 10% of the adult population in Ukraine has prediabetes. According to many studies, prediabetes is observed in every second obese patient, and later prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, timely detection of early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism is very important, as well as implementation of recommendations for lifestyle changes, the use of modern drugs to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, increasing attention is drawn to dietary fibers as an integral part of a healthy diet. They help prevent obesity, metabolic syndrome and adverse changes in the gut, and also help increase the population of beneficial bacteria in the gut. That is why nutritionists recommend that obese people include dietary fibers in their diet. One of the most famous dietary fibers is psyllium, which comes from the husk of plantain seeds (Plantago ovata). Numerous studies show that psyllium has a positive effect on the functioning of many organs and systems, including the pancreas, intestines and heart muscle. Psyllium also lowers glucose and cholesterol and is an effective way to lose weight for people who are overweight. Fibolex® plant complex contains dietary fibers (psyllium and natural wheat fibers) and green tea extract. Due to the combined herbal composition, Fibolex® can be used in obese people, patients with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders for the correction of eating habits in order to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Chemical constituents from the seed husks of Oryza sativa L.

Oryza sativa L. (Family Poaceae) is cultivated in tropical regions as a staple food all over the world. The rice grain husk is considered as a tonic and administered orally to relieve dysentery. The air-dried seeds husks of O. sativa were exhaustively extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The concentrated methanol extract was adsorbed on silica gel and chromatographed on a silica gel column. The column was eluted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol successively to isolate four phytoconstituents characterised as 7-ketostigmasterol (1), 3β-benzyloxy-stigmast-7-one-22-en-19-oic acid 29-ethyleneglycol ether (2), sesquaurs-11-en- 2β, 3β,5α-triol (3) and 2′-(1′′β-hydroxypropyl)-7,4′-dimethoxyapigenin (4). These phytoconstituents were identified on the basis of spectral data analysis.

Biosorption Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions using Phosphoric Acid-Treated Balanites Aegyptiaca Seed Husks Powder

Water contamination caused by the presence of synthetic dye is one of the world's major environmental concerns. This work aims to explore the potential application of non-carbonized phosphoric acid-treated Balanites aegyptiaca "heglig" seed husks powder (BASHP) as a bio-sorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal from water bodies. BASHP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characteristics of BASHP, such as the iodine number, point of zero charges, solubility, and specific surface area (SMB) were also estimated. The biosorption of MB onto the BASHP surface was studied in batch mode under various conditions (contact time, shaking speed, solution temperature, initial solution pH, ionic strength, initial dye concentration, and biosorbent dosage). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were better described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. More than 97% of MB was removed, and the maximum biosorbed amount of MB (qmax) was 72.99 mg/g. Thermodynamics findings revealed that the proposed biosorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process. These findings showed that BASHP is a potentially eco-friendly, easily available, and low-cost material for removing hazardous dyes (e.g., methylene blue) from an aquatic environment, as well as a promising method for reducing agricultural solid waste (e.g., seed husks).

Valorisation of Waste Carton Paper, Melon Seed Husks, and Groundnut Shells to Thermal Insulation Panels for Structural Applications

Valorisation of Waste Carton Paper, Melon Seed Husks, and Groundnut Shells to Thermal Insulation Panels for Structural Applications

Hierarchical porous carbon from mango seed husk for electro-chemical energy storage

Bio-waste valorization of Mango Seed (MS) husk to Activated Carbon (AC) was conducted via carbonization followed by chemical activation using KOH for sustainable supercapacitor material. Various physicochemical techniques were used to characterise both MS husk and AC, while electrochemical techniques were used to assess the energy storage capability. Carbonized MS husk was activated at four different temperatures 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. Optimal activation temperature was found to be 1100 °C resulting in a hierarchical porous structure, possessing the highest specific surface area 1943 m2 g−1 and average pore volume 0.397 cm3 g−1, the critical parameters for their energy storage performance. In a three-electrode configuration, the MS-AC sample synthesized at 1100 °C (MS-AC 1100) exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 135 F g−1 at 5 mA cm−2 with the energy density of 19 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 1077 W kg−1, which is higher than the commercially available AC. The MS-AC 1100 delivered 97% of the capacitance when increasing the current densities from 2 to 10 mA cm−2. The capacitance retention is 100% at 5 mA cm−2 with 1000 cycles. Moreover, Machine Learning (ML) models are used to identify the non-linear pattern for predicting the AC capacitance using various input parameters. Out of the four ML models considered in this work, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model outperformed the other models to better correlate the predicted data and the experimental measurements. This study demonstrates the economic perspective of repurposing MS husk bio-waste to a low-cost super-capacitor electrode material and developing high-performance carbon materials to aid the integration of renewable energy into electricity systems.

Tailor-Made Conversion of Mango Seed Husks to Obtain Hemicellulose Suitable for the Production of Thermally Stable Films

Tailor-Made Conversion of Mango Seed Husks to Obtain Hemicellulose Suitable for the Production of Thermally Stable Films

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. Seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed, and Plantago ovata Forsk Seed Husk Hydrocolloids Compared with Conventional Heating Extraction at Optimum Extraction Conditions

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. Seed, Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed, and Plantago ovata Forsk Seed Husk Hydrocolloids Compared with Conventional Heating Extraction at Optimum Extraction Conditions

Investigation of the adsorption of copper and zinc ions by sorbents based on plant waste – cake and husk of sunflower seeds

Investigation of the adsorption of copper and zinc ions by sorbents based on plant waste – cake and husk of sunflower seeds. Nowadays water bodies contain a huge amount of pollutants that are products of human activity. Heavy metals exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) are among the most common pollutants in wastewater. The most popular and effective ways to reduce the concentration of heavy metal ions in wastewater are sorption methods of purification. Therefore, there is an urge to create new adsorbents that have a lower price than existing on the market, as well as are effective and environmen-tally friendly. The aim of this work is to study the adsorption activity of waste based on husk (SH) and cake (SC) of sunflower seeds in relation to copper and zinc ions. The maximum degree of extraction using SH reaches (88 ± 3.43) % for Cu 2+ and (81.4 ± 5.53) % for Zn 2+ . Grinding the SH leads to an increase in the extraction degree up to (93 ± 2.57) % for Cu 2+ and to (89 ± 2.35) % for Zn 2+ . In the case of SC, the maximum extraction degree reaches (72 ± 4.98) % for Cu 2+ and (80 ± 3.07) % for Zn 2+ . Sorbents were modified in order to increase the extraction degree. The degree of extraction of Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions by SH carbonated coal reaches (95±2,29)% for Сu 2+ and (96±3,41)% for Zn 2+ . In the case of SC carbonated coal, the extraction degree reaches (93±2,98)% and (35±4,24)% for Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ respectively. The extraction degree of Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions by acid-treated SH and SC carbonated coals reaches 100%. As a result of studying the kinetics of the processes under study, it was found that the in-teraction is described by a pseudo-second order model in the case of the adsorption of: 1) Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ on the SH; 2) Cu 2+ on the SC. For the adsorption of Zn 2+ on the SC the pseudo-first order fits better. In the case of modified sorbents, the process is described by a pseudo-second order model for the adsorp-tion of : 1) Сu 2+ and Zn 2+ by acid-treated SH carbonated coal; 2) Сu 2+ and Zn 2+ by SC carbonated coal; 3) Zn 2+ ions by acid-treated SC carbonated coal; 4) Сu 2+ ions by SH carbonated coal. The pseudo-first order model describes the adsorption of Zn 2+ ions by HS carbonated coal and Сu 2+ ions by acid-treated CS carbonated coal. Key words: sunflower husk, sunflower cake, adsorption, copper ions, zinc ions, kinetics.

Antioxidant Effects of Avocado Seeds and Seed Husks as a Potential Natural Preservative

Antioxidant Effects of Avocado Seeds and Seed Husks as a Potential Natural Preservative

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed when excess chlorine during chlorination of water reacts with organic material in water. They have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Moringa oleifera (MO) has found wide acceptance by many people in Nigeria who have used it for food for both humans and fauna, for health purposes, and as a coagulant for water treatment. However, the seed husks are currently discarded as waste and they have not been used as adsorbent to remove THMs from water. The physicochemical properties of both the treated and raw surface water were determined using standard methods, and the concentration of THMs was determined from the water treatment plant at different stages of treatment using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Recovery experiments were carried out to validate the procedure. The efficiencies of activated carbon of Moringa oleifera seed husk (MOSH) adsorbent for the removal of THMs in the water and as a coagulant for water treatment were also assessed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and different parameters such as pH (5, 7, and 9), adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g), contact time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and initial concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/l) were optimized for the removal of trichloromethane and tribromomethane using the MOSH activated carbon. Experimental adsorption data from different initial concentrations of trichloromethane and tribromomethane were used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The percentage recovery from our procedures ranged from 96.0 ± 1.41 to 100.0 ± 0.00 for trichloromethane while for tribromomethane the range was 60 ± 2.82 to 100.0 ± 0.00. The mean percentage adsorption efficiencies for the simulation experiment ranged from 34.365 ± 1.41 to 93.135 ± 0.57 and from 41.870 ± 0.27 to 94.655 ± 0.41 for trichloromethane and tribromomethane, respectively. The optimum conditions for both trichloromethane and tribromomethane were pH 9, 0.8 g adsorbent dosage, 60-minute contact time, and 0.6 mg/l initial concentration. The optimum values of these parameters used for the adsorption of the two THMs in the surface water serving the treatment plant gave an efficiency of 100.00 ± 0.00%. The turbidity values for the coagulation experiment reduced from 9.76 ± 0.03 NTU in the raw water before coagulation to 5.92 ± 0.13 NTU after coagulation while all other physicochemical parameters of the surface water decreased in value except conductivity and total dissolved solid which increased from 104.5 ± 3.54 to 108.0 ± 2.83 μS/cm and 63.00 ± 11.31 to 83.0 ± 8.49 mg/l, respectively. The experimental data best fit into Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study concluded that MOSH activated carbon could serve as an adsorbent for the removal of THMs, calcium, and sulphur from water samples.

CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE FROM WASTES OF OILY CULTURES, RESEARCH OF MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES

The study determined the physico-chemical parameters for the production of cellulose from the husk of sunflower seeds. The yield and chemical composition of the obtained cellulose were determined, the chemical structure was studied with IR spectroscopic method, the morphology of a scanning electron microscope, and the crystal structure was studied with X-ray diffractormeter.

Kinetic, Isothermal and Thermodynamic Investigations for the Use of Pumpkin Seed Husks as low-Cost Biosorbent of Solochrome Cyanine R from Aqueous Solutions

Pumpkin seed husks were used in this research as effective-cost material for the adsorption of Solochrome cyanine R from aqueous solutions. A good removal ability of Pumpkin seed husks was noticed during this study, and the optimal adsorption conditions were found to be 120 min. equilibrium contact time, 0.2 g biosorbent dosage, and 100 mg/L initial dye concentration. The kinetic investigation shows that applying the pseudo-second order model gives a better fit for the adsorption with the higher correlation coefficient. The isothermal investigation shows an excellent fit of data using the Langmuir model, and also predict that the removal process is favorable. The adsorption data at different temperatures were evaluated in order to obtain the thermodynamic parameters. The positive values of ΔH° and ΔS° indicate the endothermic and randomness of the adsorption process. Moreover, the negative values of ΔG° clarify that the adsorption process is spontaneous and more preferable at higher temperatures. Pumpkin seed husks as a low-cost biosorbent exhibit a great potential for the adsorption of Solochrome cyanine R from aqueous solutions.

Adsorption of anionic dye (Reactive black 5) using macadamia seed Husks: Kinetics and equilibrium studies

Adsorption of Reactive black 5 dye currently used in textile industries was investigated using Macadamia Seed Husks (MSH) from a local Macadamia nut processing industry. Adsorption increased with increase in contact time, adsorbent dose and dye concentration. Conversely, the percentage dye adsorbed decreased with increase of solution pH and size of MSH particles. Sorption increased with an increase in temperature signaling an endothermic process. Batch adsorption data best fitted to Freundlich adsorption isotherm model with Kf value of 4.20679 and n = 2.3375. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.98). These results demonstrated that MSH is an environmentally friendly, locally available, effective and economical adsorbent for the removal of RB5 dye from industrial wastewaters.

Utilization of Macadamia seed husks as a low-cost sorbent for removing cationic dye (basic blue 3 dye) from aqueous solution

Abstract This study examined the possibility of using Macadamia Seed Husks (MSH) as a low-cost sorbent for removal of recalcitrant Basic Blue 3 Dye (BB3). Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the capability of MSH in the removal of BB3 under varied experimental conditions. The percentage BB3 dye uptake surged with an increase in interaction time, MSH dosage, initial BB3 dye concentration, temperature and pH but significantly dropped with rise in particles size. The sorption equilibrium was attained within 40 min with adsorption efficacy of up to 99.8% at optimum pH 12. Experimental data obeyed the pseudo second order kinetic model with high regression coefficients (R2 > 0.9970) depicting domination of chemisorption. Freundlich adsorption isotherms gave a good fit to the experimental data with high regression coefficient values (R2 = 0.9991) suggesting multiple layer adsorption. The result proves that MSH can be a suitable and efficient alternative in the removal of synthetic dyes from industrial effluents.

Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Pelletization is a significant approach for the efficient utilization of biomass energy. Sunflower seed husk is a common solid waste in the process of oil production. The novelty of this study was to determine the parameters during production of a novel pellet made from sunflower seed husk. The energy consumption (W) and physical properties (bulk density (BD) and mechanical durability (DU)) of the novel pellet were evaluated and optimized at the laboratory by using a pelletizer and response surface methodology (RSM) under a controlled moisture content (4%–14%), compression pressure (100–200 MPa), and die temperature (70–170 °C). The results show that the variables of temperature, pressure, and moisture content of raw material are positively correlated with BD and DU. Increasing the temperature and moisture content of raw materials can effectively reduce W, while increasing the pressure has an adverse effect on W. The optimum conditions of temperature (150 °C), pressure (180 MPa), and moisture content (12%) led to a BD of 1117.44 kg/m3, DU of 98.8%, and W of 25.3 kJ/kg in the lab. Overall, although the nitrogen content was slightly high, the novel manufactured pellets had excellent performance based on ISO 17225 (International Organization for Standardization of 17225, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016). Thus, sunflower seed husk could be considered as a potential feedstock for biomass pelletization.

Effect of Individual vs. Combined Supplementation of Tamarind Seed Husk and Soapnut on Methane Production, Feed Fermentation and Protozoal Population in vitro

Effect of Individual vs. Combined Supplementation of Tamarind Seed Husk and Soapnut on Methane Production, Feed Fermentation and Protozoal Population in vitro

Initiation of Basidioma Formation of Rare and Medicinal Macromycetes in Pure Culture

More than 5000 species of Ascomycetes and Agaricales fungi are known nowadays. However, 30 species of them are intensively cultivated and have been used into the agriculture. One of the reasons of a small number of species that can be grown in industrial culture are unclear conditions for the basidiomes formation. Basidiomes and mycelium include various nutritional substances that are used in food, medicine, cosmetics, etc. Recently, the biosynthesis of fungal biologically active substances with immunomodulation, radioprotective, antitumor, antiviral and other properties is under investigation by many scientists. Only 15 % of all products of medical mushrooms are made from extracts of mycelium. Verification of conditions of mushroom cultivation will significantly expand the range of species that could serve as a potential object for biotechnology.29 species of macromycetes from the pure Cultures Collection of Fungi (FCKU) of Educational and Scientific Centre «Institute of Biology and Medicine» Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv were used in our experiment. The initiation basidiomes formation of 29 macromycetes on different substrates in pure culture was studied. The optimal substrate for the studied species was husk of sunflower seeds. Most fungi formed basidiomes on it. If mushrooms did not formed basidiomes on this substrate, they fastest it overgrown or developed primordia or sclerotium-shaped structures. The shaping of the basidiomes, primordia or sclerotia-shaped structures was observed in 28 species. Three of these species were listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Grifola frondosa, Leucoagaricus barsii, Sparassis crispa) and others rare species for Ukraine (Ceriporia viridans, Hericium cirrhatum, Sarcodontia crocea, Sparassis laminosa).

Ініціація формування плодових тіл рідкісних та лікарських грибів в умовах чистої культури

Вивчено ініціацію утворення плодових тіл 29 видів грибів на різних субстратах в умовах культури. У результаті скринінгу цих макроміцетів у 28 видів спостерігали формування плодових тіл, примордіїв або склероцієподібних структур. Також плодові тіла формували (Grifola frondosa, Leucoagaricus barsii, Sparassis crispa) три види, що занесені до Червоної книги України, та декілька рідкісних видів для України (Ceriporia viridans, Hericium cirrhatum, Sarcodontia crocea, Sparassis laminose).

Remediation of oil spill polluted water from Niger Delta Nigeria by sorption onto ammonium sulfate modified Dialium guineense seed husk

The abstraction of crude oil molecules from aqueous solution (produced water) and from real petroleum polluted water (collected from River State, Nigeria) by Dialium guineense Seed Husk (DGSH) and its ammonium sulfate functionalized form (AS-DGSH) was studied using a batch technique. The sorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET surface area analysis and the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crude oil characterization revealed a light crude oil based on the API gravity of 35.60. The Langmuir and Freundlich models gave good fits for crude oil sorption on DGSH and AS-DGSH respectively. The sorbents were found to remove over 50% of crude oil from the real polluted water at the natural pH of 6.1 and showed increase in removal with increase in sorbent dose. The potential of DGSH and its ammonium sulfate modified derivative as effective low cost sorbents for oil spill treatment was established.

Energy Characteristics of Composite BioFuel Based on Sunflower Husk

The paper considers the prospect of using renewable energy sources in the country’s fuel balance. An important source of energy is biomass, which is characterized by renewability, accessibility, versatility, minimal impact on the environment, transportation, accumulation and storage. At the same time, biomass has a number of disadvantages: a heterogeneous structure with a broad fractional composition, with low bulk density and energy density, and high initial humidity, and often ash content. To improve the thermal characteristics and to increase the energy efficiency of using biomass, it is subjected to physical, biochemical or thermochemical conversion. An effective way to improve the thermal characteristics of the original biomass is to compress it in a mixture with other combustible materials, for example, organic waste from agriculture, oil refining, coal, paper industry, which allows, in particular, to solve environmental problems as well. An estimation of the possibility of using organic waste from livestock and poultry farming in a composition with waste biomass of vegetable origin is conducted. The results of calorimetric studies of the calorific value of samples of such composite fuel, based on husk of sunflower seeds are presented. Based on experimental research and calculations, empirical formulas were proposed to calculate the combustion heat of composite fuel, containing a mixture of sunflower husk, sludge, irrigation, chicken droppings and manure. The dependence of the heat of combustion of composite fuel, produced from the waste of the biomass from agricultural production on humidity has been researched. Since briquetted fuel from such wastes has a significant hygroscopicity, it is recommended to provide appropriate conditions for its storage. It is concluded that during the long-term storage of poultry and livestock waste there may be biochemical processes that change the heat of combustion, indicating the need to take into account the terms and conditions of storage of the source components. It is concluded that composite fuel from biomass waste from agricultural production can be a significant component of the country’s fuel balance, saving traditional fossil fuel. In addition, the disposal of these wastes contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution.