Abstract
Water contamination caused by the presence of synthetic dye is one of the world's major environmental concerns. This work aims to explore the potential application of non-carbonized phosphoric acid-treated Balanites aegyptiaca "heglig" seed husks powder (BASHP) as a bio-sorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal from water bodies. BASHP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characteristics of BASHP, such as the iodine number, point of zero charges, solubility, and specific surface area (SMB) were also estimated. The biosorption of MB onto the BASHP surface was studied in batch mode under various conditions (contact time, shaking speed, solution temperature, initial solution pH, ionic strength, initial dye concentration, and biosorbent dosage). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were better described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. More than 97% of MB was removed, and the maximum biosorbed amount of MB (qmax) was 72.99 mg/g. Thermodynamics findings revealed that the proposed biosorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process. These findings showed that BASHP is a potentially eco-friendly, easily available, and low-cost material for removing hazardous dyes (e.g., methylene blue) from an aquatic environment, as well as a promising method for reducing agricultural solid waste (e.g., seed husks).
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