Harvest Of Seeds Research Articles

KAJIAN TEKNIS PENDEDERAN IKAN KERAPU CANTANG (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus >< Epinephelus lanceolatus) SECARA INTENSIF DI BPBAP SITUBONDO

Grouper production in Indonesia can be supported by hybridization technology which can produce grouper species with relatively faster growth and more resistance to disease. Cantang grouper is a type of grouper fish that was engineered by crossbreeding between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male grouper Kertang (Epinephelus lanceolatus). The purpose of this study was to determine the stages and technology of nursery grouper Cantang which was carried out at BPBAP Situbondo. The method used in this research is the method of observation, participation, and interviews. The primary data needed in this study are data on infrastructure, data on the number and size of seeds, feed management, water quality management, and harvesting. The data is presented with a descriptive method by discussing the data that has been obtained compared to the theories that have developed at this time. The results of this study indicate that cantang grouper nursery activities start from tank preparation, water filling, seed selection and distribution, feed management, water quality, fish pest and disease control, grading, and harvesting of cantang grouper seeds. During the practice period, the seeds were spread from hatcheries with a stocking density of 3000 to 5000 individuals in one tank with a size of 4 x 2.5 x 1 m, or the equivalent of 300 to 500 individuals/m3. The distribution of seeds is carried out after the acclimatization process, namely the adaptation process before releasing the seeds. After the seeds are removed, the tub is given an antiseptic to prevent disease in the seeds. There are several factors that can affect the growth rate of seeds, namely water quality management and feeding. During the maintenance period, a flowing water system is used, so that the water used is continuously renewed. In the morning, the seeds are flushed and soaked using fresh water, with the aim of releasing mucus on the seeds so as to reduce the potential for disease outbreaks. Nursery grouper at BPBAP Situbondo can run optimally by paying attention to the stages of cultivation, especially in the feed management and water quality management.

Determination of physical properties and viability in different colors of Pueraria seeds

The differences observed in the physical properties of the seeds may indicate types of equipment for harvesting and processing, in addition to variability between plants. It was studied the characterization of the dimensions of the seeds, linear and geometric and the viability defined in categories. The results showed that the studied seeds did not reach a spherical shape, and their mass underwent variation resulting from the sorption and desorption process. The morphological characteristics suggested slight differences in the shape of the seeds. A high coefficient of variation was observed for fresh seed mass (18.34%), volume index (18.07%), seed volume (18.07%), and seed surface area (12.47%). Seed colorations showed differences in germination. The analysis concluded that all categories of seeds are viable. These descriptive data indicate that the combination of seed characteristics and the germination process help in methodologies for planting, harvesting, processing, and storage of seeds.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗБИРАННЯ НАСІННЄВИХ ПОСІВІВ СОНЯШНИКУ

The relevance of research is conditioned upon the need to improve the efficiency of plot combines for harvesting sunflower seed crops. Experimental studies were carried out by planning and staging multifactorial experiments. The dependence of the force factors influence on the seed shedding from a sunflower basket was obtained based on the laboratory studies results. This dependence makes it possible to evaluate the influence of the parameters of the harvester header on the value of seed losses from shedding. The study made it possible to substantiate the design of the header attachment of the plot combine, consisting of a three-blade reel, box-type dividers and side shields. An experimental sample of the header attachment to the “Sampo-500” grain harvester has been developed and manufactured. Experimental studies of the influence of the speed of the combine movement and the coefficient of the operation kinematic mode of the reel to the developed device on the quality indicators of the harvesting of sunflower crops seeds were carried out.

ЗНИЖЕННЯ ПРУЖНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЗАЛИШКІВ ЛЬОНУ ОЛІЙНОГО ЗА РАХУНОК ДЕКОРТИКАЦІЇ

Harvesting of oleaginous flax seeds creates a biomass of stem residues that needs to be processed or utilized. Many methods of processing this biomass into various products (fiber, fuel, composites, etc.) have been offered. The first step in processing oleaginous flax residue is spinning it into rolls. However, oleaginous flax stems have highly elasticity properties and quick recovering abilities which make residue processing difficult. This paper suggests methods of decreasing the elasticity properties of oleaginous flax residue by destroying the higher layer of stem – decortication. Elasticity properties are influenced by layer thickness, humidity, and the amount of flax breakage as it passes through the roller pairs of a roller machine (decorticator). An increase in humidity and in the number of passes through the decorticator makes elasticity properties decrease. It allows making rolls that will keep their shape for a long period without any additional influences. In the future, these rolls can be used as a fuel or for a longer processing. The research results show a correlation with the rational number of machine roller pairs which can be used to develop new engineering designs for oleaginous flax harvesting.

SUBSTANTION OF THE PARAMETERS TO TILT THE CAMERA ADVANCED CLEANING SEEDS PASTURE PLANTS

To reduce losses and improve the quality of harvesting of pasture plant seeds by isolating biologically valuable seeds and reducing the degree of their injury, it is necessary to re-equip the serial inclined chambers of the combine harvester. By dismantling the necessary components of the inclined chamber with the spacer of the experimental installation, it is possible to study the leveling of the granary biomass by each of the feeding organs separately, and when they are put in place - in a complex. The principles of reducing the loss of seeds and their injury by preliminary isolation of free seeds from the mown crop mass, as well as pre-threshing destruction of the connection of ripened seeds with the stem are implemented in the design scheme of the combine harvester. With a quadratic regression equation of four independent variables, we can convert it to canonical form and analyze multi-dimensional view of the response surface in the investigated region of the factor space, and find the zone settings in which the response is extreme. Sum of squares due to regression (SSR) to complete the destruction of com double µ and the degree of leveling wheatgrass biomass v, is about 93% of the total sum of squares (SST), and for the degree of separation of spikes λ - 89,5%. Therefore, taking these coordinates for the optimal solution and converting them into natural scale, the following parameters improved feeding channel: supply of biomass q = 2,57 kg / pm; the length of the fracture L = 58,73 cm; angle of attack a = 25,76 corrugation deg.; height of the corrugation h - 19,62 mm

Calibration and analysis of discrete element simulation parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds

ObjectiveTo improve the accuracy of parameters used in discrete element simulation test of Chinese cabbage seeds harvesting process.MethodsFirstly, the key physical parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds were measured. According to the results, the discrete element simulation model was established and the value range of simulation test parameters was determined. Then, the actual repose angle of Chinese cabbage seeds was obtained by physical accumulation test using bottomless conical cylinder lifting method. Plackett-Burman test, steepest climb test, Box-Behnken test and parameter optimization test were carried out in sequence with the actual angle of repose as the response value. Finally, the obtained parameters are verified.Results1. The Plackett-Burman test showed that the seed-seed rolling friction coefficient, the seed-steel rolling friction coefficient, the seed-seed static friction coefficient, and the seed-steel static friction coefficient had significant effects on the repose angle of Chinese cabbage seeds (P<0.05). 2. The optimization test showed that the seed-seed rolling friction coefficient was 0.08, the seed-steel rolling friction coefficient was 0.109, the seed-seed static friction coefficient was 0.496, and the seed-steel static friction coefficient was 0.415. 3. The validation test showed that the repose angle of Chinese cabbage seeds under such parameter was 23.62°, and the error with the repose angle of the physical test was 0.73%.ConclusionThe study show that the discrete element simulation parameters of Chinese cabbage seeds model and calibration are reliable, which can provide reference for the discrete element simulation of Chinese cabbage seeds.

Science and Business Developments

Science and Business Developments

Application of Artificial Neural Network Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Key Determinants of Harvesting Date and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Cultivar Augusta

Genotype and weather conditions play crucial roles in determining the volume and stability of a soybean yield. The aim of this study was to identify the key meteorological factors affecting the harvest date (model M_HARV) and yield of the soybean variety Augusta (model M_YIELD) using a neural network sensitivity analysis. The dates of the start of flowering and maturity, the yield data, the average daily temperatures and precipitation were collected, and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficients were calculated during a fifteen-year study (2005–2020 growing seasons). During the experiment, highly variable weather conditions occurred, strongly modifying the course of phenological phases in soybean and the achieved seed yield of Augusta cultivar. The harvesting of mature soybean seeds took place between 131 and 156 days after sowing, while the harvested yield ranged from 0.6 t·ha−1 to 2.6 t·ha−1. The sensitivity analysis of the MLP neural network made it possible to identify the factors which had the greatest impact on the tested dependent variables among all the analyzed factors. It was revealed that the variables assigned ranks 1 and 2 in the sensitivity analysis of the neural network forming the M_HARV model were total rainfall in the first decade of June and the first decade of August. The variables with the highest impact on the Augusta soybean seed yield (model M_YIELD) were the mean daily air temperature in the second decade of May and the Seljaninov coefficient values calculated for the sowing–flowering date period.

Influence of mineral fertilizers on sunflower yield in the western zone of Azerbaijan

The article presents the results of research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on sunflower yield in the western zone of Azerbaijan. One of the main values of mineral fertilizers is to improve the quality of the crop, the rate of growth and fertility. The soil needs fertilizing, because it is very difficult for plants to cope with certain substances in the soil, weather conditions, insects, weeds and other harmful factors. Therefore, for the full growth and development of plants, a number of minerals are needed, among them nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. In many cases, nature itself restores its mineral composition of soils, which requires a lot of time, as well as the presence of organic humus. For this, dried grasses and fallen leaves are suitable. In agriculture, the situation is different. After harvesting in autumn, the land remains desiccated in terms of nutrients. All minerals are simply taken with plants and exported by farmers when harvesting fields. Hence the urgent need for additional nutritious top dressing. The use of mineral fertilizers is one of the most important elements in the technology of sunflower cultivation, providing an increase in the yield and quality of seeds. Therefore, the correct determination of doses of mineral fertilizers for the first time in the zone is one of the urgent tasks. In this regard, we tried to determine the doses of mineral fertilizers on the effect of sunflower yield. As a result of the conducted studies it can be concluded that in order to obtain a large and high-quality harvest of sunflower seeds and restore soil fertility on chestnut irrigated soils of the Ganja-Kazakh zone, it is recommended that farms use mineral fertilizers in the norm N120P120K120 annually.

Adaptive intertidal seed-based seagrass restoration in the Dutch Wadden Sea.

Seagrasses form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems but are rapidly declining on a global scale. The Dutch Wadden Sea once supported extensive subtidal seagrass meadows that have all disappeared. Here, we report on the setbacks and successes of intertidal seed-based restoration experiments in the Dutch Wadden Sea between 2014–2017. Our main goals were to 1) optimize plant densities, and 2) reduce seed losses. To achieve our goals, we conducted research-based, adaptive seagrass (Zostera marina) restoration, adjusting methods yearly based on previous results. We applied various seeding methods in three subsequent years–from Buoy Deployed Seeding (BuDS), and ‘BuDS-in-frame’ in fall, to a newly developed ‘Dispenser Injection Seeding’ (DIS) method. Our adaptive experimental approach revealed high seed losses between seeding and seedling establishment of the BuDS methods (>99.9%), which we mitigated by controlled harvest and storage of seeds throughout fall and winter, followed by DIS-seeding in spring. These iterative innovations resulted in 83 times higher plant densities in the field (0.012 to 1.00 plants m-2) and a small reduction in seed loss (99.94 to 99.75%) between 2015–2017. Although these developments have not yet resulted in self-sustaining seagrass populations, we are one step closer towards upscaling seagrass restoration in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Our outcomes suggest that an iterative, research-based restoration approach that focuses on technological advancement of precision-seeding may result in advancing knowledge and improved seed-based seagrass restoration successes.

Effective excitation conditions for the intense motion of the ginkgo seed-stem system during mechanical vibration harvesting

The degree of the motion response of the ginkgo seed-stem system during mechanical vibration harvesting determines the separation force obtained, thereby affecting harvesting efficiency. A response surface stochastic finite element analysis was carried out to obtain the modal shapes and the ranges of natural frequencies of the seed-stem systems. It was initially based on model updating and considering the inherent variability of the ginkgo seed-stem system, Then, the dynamic response of the ginkgo seed-stem system under different vibration parameters was investigated. The results showed that at low frequencies, only the first-order natural frequency could lead to resonance and cause the seed-stem system to swing violently. Under horizontal excitation, the main resonance of the system was at an excitation frequency close to the natural frequency. Under vertical excitation, the system had a sub-harmonic resonance at an excitation frequency close to twice the natural frequency. When the excitation acceleration was much larger than the gravitational acceleration, due to the increase in the excitation frequency, the seed-stem bounced violently, significantly increasing the inertial forces on the ginkgo seeds. Thus, vertical excitation is more likely to cause the intense motion response of the seed-stem system than horizontal excitation. This study not only proposes a correction method for the finite element model of the seed-stem system but it also clarifies the effective excitation conditions for the ginkgo seed-stem system. It provides theoretical guidance for the efficient mechanical vibration harvesting of ginkgo seeds.

Growing areas, harvesting, yield and quality of seeds of leafy woody plants in different regions of the Russian Federation

Growing areas, harvesting, yield and quality of seeds of leafy woody plants in different regions of the Russian Federation

Growing areas, harvesting and quality of seeds of coniferous species of woody plants in different regions of the Russian Federation

Growing areas, harvesting and quality of seeds of coniferous species of woody plants in different regions of the Russian Federation

Effect on Yield and some Quality Characteristics of Seed Harvest at Different Stages of Maturity in Nigella sativa L.

Nigella sativa L. is a significant medicinal and aromatic plant due to the usage of both its seed and fixed oil. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects on seed yield, various yield components, fixed and essential oil content, and chemical composition (2018 year) of black cumin when harvesting the seed at four different stages of maturity. These stages were 25% (SH1), 50% (SH2), 75% (SH3) and 100% (SH4) browning of capsules. Two-year field experiments (2017 and 2018) were set up according to a randomized complete block design with triplicate, using a black cumin population obtained from the Burdur province under Isparta ecological conditions.Significant statistical differences were found among the harvest stages in regards to the seed yield, plant height and the thousand-seed weight, while no differences were found in the numbers of capsules and branches, essential oil and fixed oil contents in both experimental years. Seed yield and its components increased during the harvest stage up to SH3, while essential oil and fixed oil contents decreased insignificantly from SH1 to SH4 in both years. According to the combined years; plant height, the number of capsules, the number of branches, the 1000 seed weight, seed yields, essential oil and fixed oil contents varied between 38.3-42.5 cm, 6.03-6.85 capsule plant-1, 6.50-6.91 branches plant-1, 2.30-2.57 g, 307.3-542.3 kg ha-1, 0.087-0.101% and 31.14-32.69%, respectively. The main components of black cumin essential oil were characterized by cymol (25.01-26.90%), thymoquinone (2.39-4.41%), carvacrol (10.12-10.41%), junipene (5.33-6.66%), Δ-3-carene (5.55-8.71%), β-pinene (2.98-3.65), trans-sabinene hydrate (8.02-11.93%) and α-thujene (7.82-9.42%) according to harvest stages in the 2018 season. Considering the present results, SH3 stage was advised because of its higher seed yield. The contents of essential oil composition of black cumin varied according to harvest stages.

Transplantasi Terumbu Karang Menggunakan Media Bioreeftek Di Perairan Pulau Dodola Kabupaten Pulau Morotai

Coral reefs and all the life in them is one of the natural wealth owned and priceless. However, based on the research results, the condition of dead coral in the waters of Dodola Island by 4% caused by the anchor of the ship. To reduce damage to coral reef ecosystems that continue to be developed today is to apply coral transplant techniques. The purpose of community service activities is to understand planting techniques and socialization of the role and function of coral reefs to tourists on the importance of coral reefs in Dodola water. The devotional activities include design, preparation of materials tools, manufacturing and harvesting of coral seeds, and installing seeds in bioreeftek media. Socialization and understanding of biographic coral reef transplant technology are carried out on the community, especially tourists. Before the activity is carried out, generally, the public does not know the importance of coral reefs and the benefits of transplantation. After socialization, the community begins to understand and understand the importance of coral reefs

Nutrient Composition and Physical Properties of Two Orange Seed Varieties.

Orange is mainly consumed as fresh fruit, concentrated juice, or thin dried slices, while the seeds are usually discarded by consumers and orange juice processing companies. This study was carried out to determine the physical, frictional, nutritional, and antinutritional properties of the Late Valencia and Red Blood orange seeds. The proximate composition, mineral profile, antinutrient content, and physical and frictional properties of two orange seed varieties were determined using standard methods. The mean length, width, thickness, geometric, and arithmetic mean diameter of the Late Valencia and Red Blood seeds were 14.66, 8.45, 5.05, 8.47, and 9.39 and 13.74, 7.51, 4.99, 7.97, and 8.75 mm, respectively. An angle of repose 39.62° and 38.62°, coefficient of friction of 0.63 and 0.61 on wood, 0.33 each on mild steel, and 0.41 and 0.43 on Teflon were recorded, respectively, for the Late Valencia and Red Blood orange seed varieties. Seeds from Late Valencia and Red Blood orange variety contained 547.39 mg/100 g and 693.87 mg/100 g of oxalate, respectively. Proximate and vitamin C of the orange seeds analyzed indicated that the protein (4.18%), fat (57.45%), fiber (6.06%), energy (640.66 kcal/100 g), and vitamin C (63 mg/100 g) content in the Late Valencia were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the Red Blood orange (3.61%, 55.77%, 5.49%, 85 kcal/100 g, and 54 mg/100 g) correspondingly. The high fat content of the orange seeds makes them potential source of oil for both food and nonfood product applications. Ca, P, and K were predominantly found in the two orange seed varieties. Physical and frictional properties obtained from this work could aid in the design of equipment for harvesting, processing, transporting, separating, packaging, and storage of orange seeds from Late Valencia and Red Blood orange varieties. Further research is required to determine the suitability of orange seed flours for value-added products.

Simulation of the process stripping harvester for the collection of oilseed flax seeds

The article presents the main results of research on the development of a physical and mathematical model of the technological process of collecting flax seeds with a combing header and the justification of the range of its operating parameters based on software simulation and numerical modeling. The process of harvesting agricultural crops, including oil flax, is an important technological operation of their production in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The positive dynamics of the growth of oil flax production, which is due to the growing demand for seeds in the domestic and foreign markets, requires the intensification of harvesting equipment technological processes. The main reasons for restraining the production of oil flax are the imperfection of the equipment for harvesting and the inconsistency of the quality indicators of work with the established requirements. One of the directions for solving this problem is the technology of harvesting by stripping plants on the standing. Timely harvesting of oil flax seeds in optimal agrotechnical terms (plant condition, weather conditions, weediness, etc.) with minimal losses and contamination of the heap is one of the important scientific tasks of improving harvesting technology. Improving the efficiency of collecting oil flax seeds and, as a result, improving the quality of products requires new approaches to the development and implementation of technical means in progressive technologies. As a result of numerical modeling of the separation process of a heap in a combing header with a curvilinear casing shape, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of its components, the dependences of the mass fraction of husk and stem particles leaving its area (an indicator of the quality of cleaning the heap from impurities) δh and the fraction of seeds and capsules leaving with seeds (seed loss index) δs from the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n1 and the stripping drum n2, the position of the transparent zone of the boundary L and its width B. Solving the compromise problem, namely, maximizing the mass fraction of husk and stalk particles leaving the header area (quality indicator cleaning the heap from impurities) δh and minimizing the proportion of seeds and seed boxes leaving the header area (seed loss index) δs Obtained rational design and technological parameters of the combing type header with a curved casing: rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n1 = 782 rpm, combing drum rotation speed n2 = 671 rpm, transparent position zone of the boundaries L = 0.82 m and its width B = 0.45 m. In this case, the mass fraction of husk and stem particles leaving is δh = 42.4%, and the fraction of losses of seeds and capsules with seeds from the header area is in accordance with δs = 2.5%.

The structure of Prunus avium L. crops and their importance for pollinating insects in seed orchards in Poland

The functioning of forests in Poland is often associated with a productive role and the production of wood-based raw materials, disregarding the need to protect forest environments. In practice, the approach to the protection of nature and animals, including insects in forest areas, has changed in recent decades. Many researchers still point to the need to protect the processes taking place in forest environments. Actions are being taken to reduce monocultures in forests and to increase the biodiversity of plants and animals living among crops. A good example described in this paper is the relationship between seed plantations and insects. These relationships may have a positive effect on the fruiting process and seed production in selected tree species. This paper presents an example of the relationship between wild bees and Prunus avium L. seed plantations as an example of a positive relationship in which humans as well as pollinating insects can benefit. The structure and size of Prunus cultivation in Poland are described and the hitherto harvest of seeds is analysed. The elements of the biology of the Prunus species, important for the process of pollination of flowers by insects are also indicated. The study also indicates ways to protect bees in the forest environment.

Evaluation of mutants and association studies in non-lodging clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) mutant lines for yield and yield attributing traits

Fifteen cluster bean genotypes including the parent MDU 1 and fourteen determinate M5 generation cluster bean mutants were evaluated to determine the correlation and path analysis among yield and yield attributing characters. The genotypic correlation coefficient was observed to be higher in magnitude than the phenotypic correlation coefficient for most of the characters studied. The correlation analysis indicated the positive association of pod yield per plant with plant height, number of clusters per plant, total number of pods per plant, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, days to last harvest and number of seeds per plant. The path coefficient analysis indicated that the number of clusters per plant exhibited a very high positive direct effect on pod yield per plant at the genotypic level. ACMC-020-10 was identified as the best determinate mutant of MDU 1. Key words: Cluster bean, Correlation coefficient, Non-lodging, Path analysis

The Effect of Top G2 Liquid Organic Fertilizer and SP-36 Fertilizer on Peanut Plant Growth and Yield

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the administration of Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer and SP-36 fertilizer on peanut crop yields, to know the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer that can produce the best peanut crop results and to know the interaction of liquid organic fertilizer Top G2 and SP-36 fertilizer in improving the yield of peanut crops. The design used in this study is a Randomized Group Design (RGD) factorial pattern. This treatment consists of two factors: First Factor: Concentration of POC Top G2 consisting of OC0: No POC Top G2, OC1: POC Top G2 4 cc ltr air-1petak-1 OC2: POC Top G2 8 cc ltr water-1Swath-1; The second factor: Fertilizer Dose P (SP36) consists of P0: Without SP36 fertilizer; P1: 300 kg ha-1; Q2: 400 kg ha-1. The results showed that the administration of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 8 cc ltr water-1 produced the highest plant height of 20.75 cm tan-1, the number of leaves 27.36 strands of tan-1, the number of pods 39.89 tan-1 and the harvest index 0.326. The interaction of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increases the weight of dried seeds harvesting crops, i.e. in the treatment of liquid fertilizer concentration top G2 8 cc ltr water-1 plot-1 with a seed weight of 235 g tan-1. Cultivation of peanut crops should use liquid organic fertilizer top G2 concentration eight cc tr water-1 tile-1 and need further research using higher concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer top G2 to see the optimum needs of peanut crops.