Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire Research Articles

Compliance with 24 h Movement Behavior Guidelines for Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia: The Role of Trimester and Maternal Characteristics.

Complying with 24 h movement behavior guidelines for pregnant women may prevent pregnancy complications. This single time point, cross-sectional investigation assessed compliance with the 24 h movement behavior guidelines in pregnant women in Saudi Arabia and examined the role of trimester and maternal characteristics. Pregnant women (n = 935; age = 30 ± 5.6 years; first trimester = 24.1%, second trimester = 33.9%, third trimester = 42.0%) self-reported their characteristics (nationality, region, degree, occupation, smoking status, health status, having children, previous birth). The short-version International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire measured moderate physical activity (MPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep duration, respectively. Compliance with the 24 h movement behavior guidelines was reported using frequencies and percentages. Prevalence ratios compared the prevalence of compliance by trimester and maternal characteristics. Approximately half of the participants did not comply with MPA or sleep duration guidelines (n = 524, [56.0%] and n = 424, [45.5%], respectively). In contrast, about two-thirds of participants (n = 648, [69.3%]) adhered to the SB guideline. Only 154 (16.5%) participants complied with all 3 24 h movement behavior guidelines. Pregnant women in their second trimester, living in Al-Ahsa Governorate, and currently smoking with a bachelor's degree were the most likely to comply with the guidelines. These findings underscore the need for tailored efforts to promote healthy 24 h movement behavior guidelines for pregnant women in Saudi Arabia, especially early in pregnancy, while accounting for important maternal characteristics.

Correlation between screen time and physical activity to student’s physical fitness

The development of electronic media may increase screen time (ST) duration, cause students to develop sedentary habits, and decrease their physical activity (PA). Lately, this has been thought to be the cause of the problem of low physical fitness (PF) among students. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between screen time, physical activity, and students' physical fitness. The design of this study was correlational, with a total of 88 subjects in grades 4 and 5 at Primary Laboratoy School (Labschool) Unesa 1. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Nusantara students' physical fitness test (TKPN) was employed to assessed physical fitness, screen time-based sedentary behaviour questionnaire to assessed sedentary behaviour, and physical activity questionnaires for older children to assessed physical activity level. Data were collected in alignment with the physical education schedule for each class. Multinomial logistic regression was employed for data analysis. Findings revealed a significant simultaneous correlation among sedentary time (ST), physical activity (PA), and physical fitness (PF) (p = 0.017). However, partial analysis indicated no significant correlation between ST and PF (p = 0.517), while PA demonstrated a significant correlation with PF (p = 0.013). The results of the descriptive analysis showed that 73.9% of participants had very poor levels of physical fitness, and 43.18% of participants had low physical activity levels, with an average daily screen time duration of 3.03 hours. Participants accessed electronic media mostly to play games on smartphones, with an average of 2.28 hours. This study concluded that screen time was not directly affecting physical fitness but could reduce physical activity and student fitness. Despite screen time having no direct impact on physical fitness, this study recommends continuing to monitor screen time duration and increasing physical activity levels to mitigate potential risks associated with excessive screen use.

Examining the Association between Sedentary Lifestyle, Social Cohesion, and Loneliness among Obese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the sedentary lifestyle, social cohesion, and loneliness among obese adults. The sample size was N=150 and the sample was recruited through purposive sampling from several fitness centers, hospitals, and the general population. Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (Rosenberg et al., 2010), Social Cohesion Scale (Williams et al., 2020), and Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978) were used to measure the sedentary lifestyle, social cohesion, and loneliness. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between sedentary behavior and loneliness, whereas, there was a significant negative correlation between social cohesion and loneliness. The finding also showed that a sedentary lifestyle and social cohesion significantly negatively predicted loneliness among obese adults. The study concluded that a sedentary lifestyle and poor social cohesion play a significant role in predicting loneliness in obese adults. The study implied that it could help obese people improve their lifestyle and biopsychosocial functioning by understanding the importance of an active lifestyle and social cohesion, and it may also help researchers and practitioners carry out interventions for loneliness by considering the predictors.

An evaluation of inherent sedentary behavior in college students in Kerala

India was among the first countries to impose a nationwide lockdown due to Coronavirus Pandemic. Social contact was minimized, e-commerce boomed, education became online, and food and groceries were delivered home. A sedentary lifestyle resulted in increased screen time and changes in sleep patterns. All of this leads to mental and physical ailments like depression, obesity and heart problems. This research aimed to observe and analyze Physical Activity (PA) levels, Sedentary Behavior (SD), and Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration of college students in Kerala. The research was cross-sectional in nature. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used to find respondents. A total of 81 respondents in the age group of 18 to 22 participated in the survey, of which 56.8% were Male and 43.2% were Female. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for measuring the variables. One-tailed z-test was used to test the hypothesis. The results of the study showed good levels of physical activity meeting the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) guideline. Sedentary lifestyle was inherent amongst the participants. Majority had a healthy sleep duration but only a small percentage of them had good sleep quality. Thus, the results of this study show that college students in Kerala have a sedentary lifestyle, which might be due to the impact that COVID-19 had on already existing traditional systems.

Obesity awareness-insight is inversely associated with body composition and physical activity behaviour in women with obesity at the admission to a lifestyle modification program

Abstract Aim This study was conducted to examine obesity awareness-insight in relation to body composition and physical activity behaviour in women with obesity who were admitted to a lifestyle modification program. Subject and methods Eighty-two participants (age = 38.22 ± 12.49 years) were included. Body composition was assessed. The Obesity Awareness and Insight scale (OASIS), Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were applied. Results The OASIS total score was positively correlated with SBQ and body composition. OASIS “negative outcome awareness” score was negatively correlated with IPAQ-SF moderate physical activity (p < 0.05 for all). OASIS total score and “illness awareness” and “awareness of need for treatment” scores were higher in Class 2 and Class 3 obese participants than in Class 1 participants. Conclusion This study demonstrated that increased obesity awareness-insight correlated with deteriorating body composition and increased sedentary behaviour among women with obesity who were admitted to a lifestyle modification program. Furthermore, awareness of obesity-related adverse outcomes revealed an inverse association with physical activity.

Sleep quality and sedentary behavior among cancer survivors: is there a possible link?

Purpose: Disrupted sleep patterns can be frequent in cancer survivors not only during treatment but also during survival. This study aimed to analyze the possible link between sleep quality and sedentary behavior among cancer patients.
 Methods: Demographic and clinical information was obtained through an assessment form. Sleep quality and physical inactivity level were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), respectively. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2023 in the Medical Oncology unit of Izmir Bakırçay University Faculty of Medicine.
 Results: This study was completed with a total of 80 patients with most of the types of cancer being breast (n=55). The mean PSQI score was 7.68±4.02. SBQ scores were 8.16±3.90, and 6.85±3.86 hours on weekdays and weekends, respectively. No significant association was observed between PSQI and SBQ total scores (p>.05). Age was correlated with sleep disturbances (r=-.24, p=0.03), daytime dysfunction (r=-.34, p=0.002), and first item of SBQ (watching TV) both on weekdays (r=.35, p=0.001) and weekends (r=.38, p=0.001), respectively.
 Conclusion: This study showed that there was no significant relationship between sedentary behavior and sleep quality among cancer patients, however, the remarkable rate of poor sleep quality was evident in this sample. However, it might be reasonable to suggest that the increased screen time especially for older cancer patients due to significant associations between screen time and age, should be well managed while sleep hygiene and daytime dysfunction should be considered further among younger cancer survivors.

Effective management of sedentary behavior among Indian university students: An empirical exploration into health-related behavior.

The past few years have witnessed a notable rise in sedentary tendencies, unveiling a modern era of prolonged stillness and diminished physical engagement. This study sought to assess the feasibility of a digital health intervention (DHI) to reduce overall sedentary behavior among university students. The study also identifies distinct subgroups within Indian universities that exhibit a heightened propensity for engaging in unhealthy behaviors. The research design used was a quasi-experimental (pre-post) design. A total of 500 participants were selected using a simple randomized sampling method (250 belonging to the control group and 250 belonging to the experimental group). These participants actively engaged in the study for 2 weeks. The participants completed the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) before the intervention to evaluate their level of sedentary behavior. To evaluate the impact of the intervention on subjectively measured sedentary behavior, statistical analyses were conducted using the paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the post hoc Bonferroni test. The findings demonstrated a significant t-value of sedentary behavior for the entire group, with t(249) = 4.88, P < .05. Furthermore, the F-value of 28.787 indicated a statistically significant difference in the sedentary behavior between the experimental and control groups. When considering female university students specifically, the t-value for sedentary behavior was significant at t(105) = 3.22, P < .05, and for male university students, the t-value for sedentary behavior was found to be significant at t(143) = 3.69, P < .05. Smartphone-based health interventions targeting sedentary behavior reduction demonstrated promising outcomes in facilitating health behavior change among university students.

Sedentary Behaviors and Eating Habits in Active and Inactive Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Population from Southern Italy.

The aim of this study was to analyze sedentary behaviors and dietary habits assumed by individuals regularly practicing exercise in a gym, sports athletes and inactive individuals. The Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire and the Healthy Dietary Habits Index were administered online to evaluate the time spent in sedentary activities during the week and the habits of food consumption among adult individuals from the Campania region, in the south of Italy. Of the 411 participants, 25% were inactive, 34% were gym practitioners and 41% practiced different sport disciplines. Significant differences were found for sedentary habits adopted during the week and diets between athletes and inactive participants. However, no significant differences were observed for sedentary activities on the weekend and some sedentary behaviors such as video gaming or working/studying during the week. With regard to diet, athletes showed healthier food choices, such as fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings of this study underline the need for enhancing the awareness of the local population regarding the detrimental effects of unhealthy dietary behaviors and sedentary time, especially but not exclusively among inactive individuals.

The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundA considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns.MethodsA total of 6975 university students (49.1% female) were chosen randomly to participate in a face-to-face interview. The original English version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was previously translated into Arabic. Then, the validated Arabic version of the SBQ was used to assess SB. The Arabic SBQ included 9 types of SB (watching television, playing computer/video games, sitting while listening to music, sitting and talking on the phone, doing paperwork or office work, sitting and reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts and crafts, and sitting and driving/riding in a car, bus or train) on weekdays and weekends.ResultsSBQ indicated that the total time of SB was considerably high (478.75 ± 256.60 and 535.86 ± 316.53 (min/day) during weekdays and weekends, respectively). On average, participants spent the most time during the day doing office/paperwork (item number 4) during weekdays (112.47 ± 111.11 min/day) and weekends (122.05 ± 113.49 min/day), followed by sitting time in transportation (item number 9) during weekdays (78.95 ± 83.25 min/day) and weekends (92.84 ± 100.19 min/day). The average total sitting time of the SBQ was 495.09 ± 247.38 (min/day) and 58.4% of the participants reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day). Independent t-test showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between males and females in all types of SB except with doing office/paperwork (item number 4). The results also showed that male students have a longer daily sitting time (521.73 ± 236.53 min/day) than females (467.38 ± 255.28 min/day). Finally, 64.1% of the males reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day) compared to females (52.3%).ConclusionIn conclusion, the total mean length of SB in minutes per day for male and female university students was considerably high. About 58% of the population appeared to spend ≥7 h/day sedentary. Male university students are likelier to sit longer than female students. Our findings also indicated that SB and physical activity interventions are needed to raise awareness of the importance of adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sitting time.

Association between Sedentary Lifestyle and Quality of Life among Young Adults

Background: The sedentary lifestyle prevalent among young adults has raised concerns due to its association with decreased quality of life and increased risk of chronic diseases. Physical activity, conversely, is known to enhance health-related quality of life (HRQOL) across various populations. Understanding the dynamics between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and quality of life is crucial for developing effective health interventions. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health-related quality of life among young adults, with a specific focus on the impacts of screen time and physical exercise. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 145 participants from two educational institutions over six months. The WHO Quality of Life scale brief questionnaire and a sedentary behavior questionnaire were employed for data collection. Participants were categorized by gender, marital status, and current health status. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with the Chi-square test determining the association between variables, and a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Of the participants, 58.6% were male, and 41.4% were female, with 93.8% being single. The majority (86.9%) reported not being currently ill. A significant relationship was found between computer use for homework and quality of life (Chi-square = 6.405, p = 0.041). Participants engaging in regular physical activity reported higher HRQOL compared to those with sedentary behaviors, indicating an inverse relationship between screen time and HRQOL. Conclusion: The study highlights the negative impact of sedentary behavior, particularly screen time, on health-related quality of life, while reinforcing the benefits of regular physical activity. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior and promoting physical activity among young adults are crucial for improving HRQOL.

Aspects of Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Adults with Cerebral Palsy

ABSTRACT Background: Physical activity and sedentary behavior may differentially impact health-related quality of life in adults with cerebral palsy. Objective: The present investigation assessed the independent relationships between aspects of physical activity and sedentary behavior related to health related quality of life in adults with cerebral palsy. Methods: Through a cross-sectional online survey of 118 adults with cerebral palsy, participants self-reported the extent of their functional impairments using the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System; while mental and physical health-related quality of life were assessed using the RAND-36. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were quantified using the Physical Activity and Disability Survey—Revised and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, respectively. Results: Accounting for potential confounding influences of impairments, neither exercise-related physical activity, leisure time- related physical activity, occupational physical activity, nor sedentary behavior was associated with any characterization of health-related quality of life. However, greater engagement in general lifestyle physical activity was related to superior mental health-related quality of life. Conclusion: These findings provide initial evidence to suggest that focusing public health and therapeutic recommendations for individuals with cerebral palsy on general physical activity engagement throughout the day might incur potential benefits for enhancing mental health- related quality of life in this population.

A randomized controlled mHealth trial that evaluates social comparison-oriented gamification to improve physical activity, sleep quantity, and quality of life in young adults

IntroductionThe integration of gamification in mHealth interventions presents a novel approach to enhance user engagement and health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate whether comparison-oriented gamification can effectively improve various aspects of health and well-being, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and overall quality of life among young adults. MethodsPotential 107 young adults (from 19 to 28 years old) participated in an 8-week trial. Participants were assigned to either a gamified mHealth intervention (LevantApp) with daily leaderboards and progress bars (n = 53, 26 % dropped-out), or a control condition without gamification (n = 52, 29 % dropped-out). Physical activity (number of steps, moderate and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity -MVPA-) and sleep quantity were measured objectively via accelerometry and subjectively using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire(SBQ), and Short Form Health Survey(SF-36). ResultsThis mHealth intervention with social comparison-oriented gamification significantly improved moderate physical activity to a greater extent than the control group. Additionally, the intervention group showed improvements in the number of steps, moderate physical activity, sedentary time, emotional wellbeing, and social functioning. However, no significant group by time interaction was observed. No significant differences were observed in sleep quality or quantity. Conclusions: The LevantApp gamified mHealth intervention was effective in improving moderate physical activity, physical functioning, and role-emotional in young adults. No significant effects were found on step counts, MVPA or sleep, suggesting that while gamification can enhance specific aspects of physical activity and quality of life, its impact may vary across different outcomes.

Criterion Validity of Commonly Used Sedentary Behavior Questionnaires to Measure Total Sedentary Time in Adults

Background: Self-report questionnaires are a fast and cost-efficient method to determine habitual sedentary time (sitting/lying time while awake), but their accuracy versus thigh-worn accelerometry (criterion), which can distinguish between sitting and standing postures, is unclear. While the validity of sedentary questionnaires has previously been evaluated, they have not been investigated simultaneously in the same sample population. We tested the hypothesis that common sedentary questionnaires underpredict habitual sedentary time compared with an objective, monitor-based assessment. Methods: Ninety-three participants (30 ± 18 years, 59 females) wore the activPAL inclinometer on the midthigh 24 hr per day for 6.9 ± 0.4 days and completed the SIT-Q, Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (PASB-Q). Results: In comparison to the activPAL (9.9 ± 1.9 hr/day), the SIT-Q measured more time (12.9 ± 5.4 hr/day), but the SBQ (7.5 ± 3.3 hr/day), IPAQ (7.4 ± 3.0 hr/day), and PASB-Q (6.6 ± 3.0 hr/day) measured less time (all p &lt; .001). The SIT-Q was positively and weakly correlated (ρ = .230 [95% confidence interval: .020, .422], p = .028) with the activPAL, but the SBQ, IPAQ, and PASB-Q were not (all ps &gt; .760). Equivalence testing demonstrated poor equivalence for the SIT-Q (±40%), SBQ (±31%), IPAQ (±36%), and PASB-Q (±29%). The SIT-Q (β = −1.36), SBQ (β = −0.97), and IPAQ (β = −0.78) exhibited a negative proportional bias (all ps &lt; .002). Conclusions: In summary, the SIT-Q, SBQ, IPAQ, and PASB-Q demonstrated poor validity. Researchers and health promoters should be cautious when implementing these self-report sedentary time questionnaires, as they may not reflect the true sedentary activity and negatively impact study results.

Is education level, as a proxy for socio-economic position, related to device-measured and self-reported sedentary behavior in European older adults? A cross-sectional study from the SITLESS project.

Sedentary behavior (SB) is a determinant of health in older adult people. Educational level is a primary driver of health disparities and is demonstrated to be a reliable measure of socioeconomic position. We aimed to examine the associations between educational level and self-reported along with device-measured SB in older adults living in Europe and the association of mentally active and passive SB domains with the educational level and gender in these associations. The design is cross-sectional. One thousand three hundred and sixty participants aged 65 and over (75.3±6.3 years old, 61.8% women) participated. Inclusion criteria were scored with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Variables that describe the sample were assessed with an interview, and device-measured SB was assessed with an accelerometer. SB was assessed with the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire and an accelerometer. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between the level of education and SB. Participants self-reported an average of 7.82 (SD: 3.02) daily waking hours of SB during weekend days, and the average of device-measured SB was 11.39 (1.23) h. Total mentally active SB (weekdays and weekends) was associated with the education level (p < 0.000). Participants were more sedentary during the week than during weekends, regardless of level of education (p < 0.000). Education level was significantly associated with self-reported mean hours per day in 46SB (p = 0.000; R=0.026; 95%CI). Low education level in older adults is associated with self-reported SB but not with objective SB measures.

Post-COVID-19 Total and Domain-specific Sedentary Behaviors in Saudi Adults

Objectives: Although previous research reported prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of SB in the post-COVID-19 era remains unexplored. Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of post-COVID-19 total SB, and domain-specific SB in Saudi adults was examined. Methods: Participants (N=1,255; 55% females; 50% aged 20 to 29 years old) completed a Web-based survey (December 2, 2022 ‐ January 25, 2023). The Arabic version of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire estimated SBs (hours/day) during weekdays and weekend days. Respondents self-reported personal, anthropometric, and socioeconomical variables. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed patterns of total and domain-specific SB and Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated its determinants. Results: Most participants (54.7%) spent excessive time (≥8 hours/day) in total SB especially during weekdays (p&lt;.001). Leisure-time SB was higher compared to other domain-specific SB (p&lt;.001). Occupational-time SB was higher on weekdays while leisure-time SB was higher during weekends days (p&lt;.001). No statistically significant differences were found for transportational-time SB. Age and occupation were the main determinants of SB (p&lt;.005) while other correlates had more complex associations. Conclusions: Current efforts to reduce SB and suggest that Saudi policymakers, physicians, and researchers target not only daily total SB, but also domain-specific SB, especially in the post-COVID-19 era.

Validation Study of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in African-American Men and Women.

Self-reported data of physical activity are practical and inexpensive ways to collect data, although, subject to significant measurement errors. Most physical activity questionnaires used in the USA have been predominately validated among non-Hispanic White American populations with limited attention paid to the validity of the measures among racial/ethnic minorities. Additionally, there are limited studies that have evaluated factors related to over- and under-reporting errors linked to self-reported physical activity data, particularly among African Americans. The primary objectives of this study were to validate self-reported levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among African-American men and women against objective measurements and to identify the factors related to under- and over-reporting. This study was a 7-day, cross-sectional study conducted on African-American men and women (n = 56) who were between 21-70years of age. Participants were required to attend two study visits for the collection of self-reported and objective measurements of physical activity and sedentary behavior (VO2max, DEXA scan, anthropometrics, ActivPal accelerometer, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire. Overall, energy expenditure measured by ActivPal was 24.1 MET/hr/week whereas self-reported (IPAQ) energy expenditure was 52.66 MET/hr/week. Self-reported sedentary time was 40.37h/week, whereas sedentary time measured by ActivPal was 63.03h/week. Obese participants tended to over-report their physical activity levels more so than non-obese participants (Obese, Activpal-23.89 MET/hr/week vs IPAQ-58.98 MET/hr/week; Non-obese, Activpal - 24.48 MET/hr/week vs IPAQ - 42.55 MET/hr/week). Both obese and non-obese participants underestimated their sedentary time (Obese, Activpal - 66.89h/week vs IPAQ-43.92h/week; Non-obese, Activpal -56.07h/week vs IPAQ - 33.98h/week). The results of this study found that the ActivPal validated physical activity and sedentary behavior among African-Americans. Self-reported data were found to be highly variable, whereas the objective assessments of physical activity and sedentary behavior had limited variability. It was also found that obese individuals over-estimated their self-reported physical activity levels and under-estimated sedentary behavior in comparison to the ActivPal. These findings strongly support the need to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviors objectively, particularly among African-Americans.

Arabic translation and cultural adaptation of sedentary behavior, dietary habits, and preclinical mobility limitation questionnaires: A cognitive interview study.

Developing global evidence on the influence of health-related behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior, diet) and mobility limitations on health requires global consortia from diverse sets of countries. Thus, the purpose was to translate and culturally adapt (i) the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ); (ii) the Dietary Habits Questionnaire adapted from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study; (iii) the Preclinical Mobility Limitation questionnaire for use in the Saudi Arabian context. 50 adult Saudi participants (mean age 41.7±9.6, 48% female) participated in this study. We followed a systematic cross-cultural adaptation process that involved forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert panel, and pre-testing (cognitive interviewing). Four rounds of cognitive interviews were held with 40 participants for the SBQ, SHARE questionnaire, and the Preclinical Mobility Limitation questionnaire, an additional round was needed for the Preclinical Mobility Limitation questionnaire. Descriptive data (means ± standard deviations and frequencies with percentages) were reported for characteristics. With some minor changes to the questionnaires, the SBQ, Dietary Habits, and Preclinical Mobility Limitation questionnaires were translated and cross-culturally adapted into Arabic. 100% of the participants confirmed that the resulting Arabic versions of the SBQ, Dietary Habits questionnaire, and Preclinical Mobility Limitation questionnaires were appropriate and fully understandable for Arabic speakers in communicating the intended meanings of the items in each. For example, item SBQ1, 'Watching television (including videos on VCR/DVD)' was changed to 'Sitting and watching television or videos (including smartphones, tablets)'. The SBQ, Dietary Habits questionnaire, and Preclinical Mobility Limitation questionnaire were successfully cross-culturally adapted into Arabic and are now ready for use in Saudi Arabian.

Children's Internet use and physical and psychosocial development.

Internet use (IU) commonly refers to sedentary lifestyle and may be addictive, especially among children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IU and some aspects of child physical and psychosocial development. We conducted a cross-sectional survey by using a screen-time based sedentary behavior questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-among 836 primary school children in the Braničevo District. The children's medical records were analysed for vision problems and spinal deformities. Their body weight (BW) and height (BH) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as BW in kilograms divided by BH in meters squared (kg/m2). The average age of respondents was 13.4 (SD 1.2) years. The mean duration of daily Internet use and sedentary behavior was 236 (SD 156) and 422 (SD 184) minutes, respectively. There was no significant correlation between daily IU and vision problems (near sightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, strabismus), and spinal deformities. However, daily Internet use is significantly associated with obesity (p < 0.001) and sedentary behavior (p = 0.01). There was significant correlation between emotional symptoms with total Internet usage time, and total sedentary score (p < 0.001 for both, r = 0.141 and r = 0.132, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the total sedentary score of children and hyperactivity/inattention (r = 0.167, p < 0.001), emotional symptoms (r = 0.132, p < 0.001), and conduct problems (r = 0.084, p < 0.01). In our study, children's Internet use was associated with obesity, psychological disturbances and social maladjustment.

Validity of the Modified SIT-Q 7d for Estimating Sedentary Break Frequency and Duration in Home-Based Office Workers During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis

Office workers who transitioned to working from home are spending an even higher percentage of their workday sitting compared with being “in-office” and this is an emerging health concern. With many office workers continuing to work from home since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to have a validated self-report questionnaire to assess sedentary behavior, break frequency, and duration, to reduce the cost and burden of using device-based assessments. This secondary analysis study aimed to validate the modified Last 7-Day Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SIT-Q 7d) against an activPAL4™ device in full-time home-based “office” workers (n = 148; mean age = 44.90). Participants completed the modified SIT-Q 7d and wore an activPAL4 for a full work week. The findings showed that the modified SIT-Q 7d had low (ρ = .35–.37) and weak (ρ = .27–.28) criterion validity for accurate estimates of break frequency and break duration, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement were large for break frequency (26.85–29.01) and medium for break duration (5.81–8.47), indicating that the modified SIT-Q 7d may not be appropriate for measuring occupational sedentary behavior patterns at the individual level. Further validation is still required before confidently recommending this self-report questionnaire to be used among this population to assess breaks in sedentary time.

Validity and reliability of the Arabic sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students aged between 18–30 years old

PurposeThe study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ).MethodsA total of 624 university students (273 males; 351 females, mean age = 20.8 years) were recruited from Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. For criterion and constructive validity (n = 352), the Arabic SBQ was compared with total sitting time from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form (IPAQ-LF). For concurrent validity, the English and Arabic SBQ versions were given concurrently to bilingual university students (n = 122) once. For test–retest reliability, the Arabic SBQ was given twice to participants (n = 150) at a one-week interval.ResultsSitting time of IPAQ-SF (7th question: sitting time on weekdays) and IPAQ-LF (21st question: sitting time on weekdays and 22nd question: sitting time on weekends) correlated significantly with total sitting time/week of the Arabic SBQ (r = 0.29, p = 0.003; r = 0.14, p = 0.02, respectively). Motorized transportation measured with the IPAQ-LF correlated significantly with time spent driving in a car, bus, or train from the Arabic SBQ on weekdays and weekends (r = 0.53, p < 0.001; r = 0.44 p < 0.001, respectively). The total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.18, p = 0.001). The correlations between the Arabic and the English SBQ versions ranged from 0.25–0.96; p < 0.001 on weekdays and 0.50–0.90; p < 0.001 on weekends. Moderate to good reliability was also found between test and retest for all SBQ items and total score during weekdays (0.72 to 0.8), and weekends (0.64 to 0.87), with exception of the 7th item "play musical instrument", ICC = 0.46). Mean difference of test–retest of the Arabic SBQ was not significantly different from zero for the total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ (t = -0.715, P = 0.476).ConclusionThe Arabic SBQ had satisfactory levels of reliability, with total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ correlating significantly with sitting times derived from IPAQ-SF, IPAQ-LF, and the English SBQ versions. Hence, the Arabic SBQ can be used as a tool to measure sedentary behavior among adult Arabs aged between 18 to 30 years old in future epidemiologic and clinical practice.