Security Systems In Countries Research Articles

Challenges and implications of microwork in the age of artificial intelligence: A global socioeconomic analysis

This study adopts a discursive and analytical perspective to explore how technological advances are reconfiguring the dynamics of the global labour market, with special attention to the phenomenon of microwork. Microwork, characterised by short, fragmented tasks carried out through digital platforms and geographically distributed, has seen exponential growth, particularly in nations with lower economic development. This type of work shows a growing distinction between tasks of a complex and creative nature and those of a repetitive and monotonous nature that do not require advanced skills to perform. This differentiation can intensify wage disparities between developed and developing countries, as well as contribute to the precariousness of work in activities considered less complex and valued. The article highlights the emergence of unstable and poorly paid jobs that do not require specific qualifications and discusses their impact on social security systems in countries where labour regulations are insufficient. Using a theoretical-methodological approach, the research examines the role of artificial intelligence in the rise of micro-labour and its socio-economic implications. It concludes that despite the flexibility and short-term earning opportunities offered by microwork, it poses considerable challenges in terms of income security, workers’ rights, and social protection, emphasising the need for regulatory measures to mitigate its adverse effects on vulnerable communities.

Assess and Forecast Social Insurance trends to 2025 to serve the State Management of Social Insurance in Vietnam

After more than 28 years of dedication and growth, overcoming many difficulties and challenges, Vietnam Social Insurance is increasingly recognized and positively evaluated by the regional and international social security community for its successes and developments. compared with social security systems in countries with similar GDP and development levels. With social insurance and unemployment insurance; database system on households and centralized health insurance payment assessment system connected to nearly 14,000 medical examination and treatment establishments; transaction in the form of online public service level 4; the percentage of people who are satisfied with the services provided by Vietnam Social Security on new and traditional platforms is relatively high; the social insurance fund becomes the largest social security fund, which is uniformly and safely managed and has made certain contributions to the development of the country's economy; The national unified model of social insurance management and implementation is receiving increasing attention from the regional and international community. With a specific goal of striving by 2030 to reach about 60% of the workforce of the age group participating in social insurance, of which farmers and informal sector workers participating in voluntary social insurance account for about 5% of the labor force. in the age; about 45% of the workforce in the age group participating in unemployment insurance; about 60% of people after retirement age are entitled to pensions, monthly social insurance and social pension benefits; The index assessing the satisfaction level of social insurance participants reached 90%. Therefore, forecasting social insurance trends is a very important job in the process of state management of social insurance in the coming time.

Kriminalistička kontrola u funkciji suprotstavljanja kriminalitetu

The positive development of a society and creation of a safe environment for its citizens, depends on the possibility of adjusting the country's security system to the way of expression and intensity of various security challenges, risks and threats. This requires knowledge on how to organize subjects of security system as well as developed awareness of citizens about the need of joint action, having in mind that the primary goal is to create secure living conditions for them. Within such relations, one of the very important activities is criminalistic control. It represents just one of police activities and can be considered a means that the police use to oppose various forms of criminal behavior. The paper considers the basic purpose of criminal control as an activity which is primarily undertaken for the purpose of preventing various criminal behaviors in different territories. It points out to, in practice, often misunderstood difference between terms criminal control and criminal processing, i.e. operational control and operational processing and highlights the need to define the conceptual difference and mutual relationship. Special attention is paid to forms, means and methods of implementing criminal control. It emphasizes the importance and basic specifics of planning officer deployment - patrol activity, i.e. the sectoral way of implementing general and line-specific criminal control. The paper also focuses in particular on some practically confirmed deficiencies in organizing and implementing criminal control.

Global Health Security Implementation: Expanding the Evidence Base.

Global Health Security Implementation: Expanding the Evidence Base.

Black Sea Region and European Security Policy

Abstract It is obvious that the beginning of the 21st century is marked by many new challenges, problems and risks, which in addition to changing the ideas, concepts and practice of organized violence, lead to a deficit of ideas, methods and means of protection from it. The need to adapt available security systems, tools and practices is adopted in Europe as a response to a conscious public need rather than as a strategically planned action in a time of changes. This led to a spontaneous emergence of a common attempt to aggregate and structure the available security knowledge and to create a common stable conceptual basis for national security systems in countries not only in Europe. Moreover, the enlargement of the Union has opened up new horizons for the development of the countries and, at the same time, has changed the significance and scope of European security, where the demarcation line between external and internal security has become more and more difficult to be determined. The discussions about our country's contribution to strategic security in the Black Sea region as part of European security are in the context of the scientific search of ours science school

Impact of the operational environment on cyber threats

The changed role of the military in contemporary conflicts and new tendencies in Rade V. Slavković and Dejan V. Kršljanin the consideration of issues of security and defense activities of the society have led to addressing much greater attention to the importance of the environment in which these activities are performed as compared to any former historical epoch. Through its manifestation, cyber threat can cause great damage to the community, including the military organization system that is a part of the country's security system. Information security is put at risk by the manifestation of cyber threats, and the physiognomy of contemporary armed conflicts and military operations is largely shaped by the way the information is used and protected. The threat may come from the environment in which the community operates, and therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of factors and dimensions of the environment on cyber threats. The impact of the dimensions of the operational environment on cyber threats, which act from that environment, has become ever more relevant. Potential risks are constantly present and may affect the security of information anywhere, at any time, with no specific reason and without notice. How to confront the dangers that pose threats from the cyber­space is a question that requires an answer in all areas of human activities, and, in military terms, may represent a key factor in achieving the desired end state.

Social Protection for Migrant Workers: National and International Policy Challenges

In the current global context, many migrant workers, and in particular women and irregular workers, are not - or are very inadequately - covered by social security and other social protection programmes. Current human rights standards related to migrant workers and families have so far had little impact on this situation. This article first examines various national approaches to extending social security to migrant workers in low-, middle- and high-income countries, such as through affiliation to the social security systems in countries of employment and countries of origin. It then attempts to assess the impact of regional and other international migration and social security agreements, particularly within the European Union. It also explores the potential impact of wider ratification of ILO and UN Conventions on migrant workers, which would ensure basic social and labour protection, in particular for irregular migrant workers. The article concludes with some key policy challenges for the future, including for improved regional and global governance.

The Window of Vulnerability: A Political Spirituality

This book, which takes its title a concern expressed by United States military strategists regarding a perceived weakness in this country's security system in early 1980s, collects some of Dorothee Soelle's writings over past eight years. Her purpose is present vulnerability as a sign of relationship, receptivity, and communication, and therefore to open that window as wide as possible. To do so, Soelle inspects alternatives militarism, sexism, and some forms of organized religion. The chapters on militarism reflect themes that Soelle has repeatedly embraced in other writings. The goal of state should be peace and not security; majority of armaments are not intended ensure survival, but rather for purposes of overkill; bilateral disarmament negotiations have lost all credibility and therefore only solution crisis is unilateralism. The Christian must be willing risk through nonviolence and civil disobedience, and in so doing, destroy god of this world, bomb. Closely linked militarism is sexism, since the women's movement has repeatedly uncovered connections between male dominance and war, between maleness and self-identification with warrior, between lust and violence. To offset this horrendous situation, feminism calls for both equal rights and a new and different culture. A form of liberation theology, feminism seeks change any system that oppresses people, especially economically, as movement incorporates a new language for God (mother), a new sense of sin as self-denial, an appreciation of praxis as first step toward change, and a hope that Christian from below will participate fully in feminist agenda. The final major section of Soelle's work evaluates New Right religious movement, liberal theology, and liberation theology. Concerned that political debate in United States has become increasingly theologized, she denounces electronic church, which has linked money and religion and exploited values of nation, work, and family. Liberal theology, which Soelle terms helpless, is too individualized and therefore disregards plight of suffering masses throughout world. The only valid theological op-