Security Scenarios Research Articles

Novel Network Testbed of Adaptive Cyber Defense System Design for Web Data security

In recent generations, the cyber security scenario has transposed significantly from conventional response based security mechanisms to forward security strategies. And this transformation is still continuing which is shifting it from visionary security strategies to cyber immunity which eliminates the cyber risks by introducing uncompromising and adaptive security measures. In the process of developing new security algorithms/ procedures, accurate modeling and effective simulation play a vital part for the robustness and effectiveness of proposed system. It's also necessary to break down the deportment of proposed system against multiple types of known cyber attacks. This paper focuses on the being network testbeds for an effective analysis and monitoring while proposing a new network testbed for examining new security generalities like cyber impunity. The proposed network testbed is designed to incorporate the techniques and procedures of Nature inspired Cyber Security to accommodate the adaptive responses against the sophisticated and ever advancing cyber attacks. The proposed testbed provides customizable analytical tool to design, test and examine the new security algorithms through a rich set of attack scripts. It also allows inventors to design, execute, and evaluate their defensive techniques with library support.

Livelihood functions of fisher households under cold-water production environment of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract This study comprehensively investigated the livelihood security scenario of fisher households employing the CARE framework with little modifications, in Kashmir, India. Primary data for this study was collected from selected fisher households, and a regression function was fitted to quantify the determinants of livelihood security. The findings revealed that fishing has been their dominant livelihood option. The landholding owned by the households was meagre enough to carry out farming or domesticate animals on commercial lines. Poor capital endowments place them at less livelihood security level; however, the respondents with diversified income have a relatively higher index value for livelihood. The regression estimates indicated that barring social and natural capital, all forms of capital have a significant role to play in securing their livelihood. Poor livelihood security, coupled with less income flow, has made their survival vulnerable to various distresses and health disorders, including the prevalence of infant and maternal mortality. Their dietary intake was undesirably less than their dietary recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a shock to their livelihood security. Further, public investment, which is pertinent for the growth of the fisheries sector, has shown a discouraging trend. The study concluded with a few policy suggestions for securing the livelihood of the fisher community.

Efficient Steganography in JPEG Images by Minimizing Performance of Optimal Detector

Since the introduction of adaptive steganography, most of the recent research works seek at designing cost functions that are evaluated against steganalysis methods. While those approaches have been successful, they rely on intuitive principles and ad-hoc costs associated with each pixel or Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficient. Beyond the empirical assessments, the insights one can get from such approaches are very limited. On the opposite, this paper presents an original method for steganography in JPEG images that exploits a statistical model of the DCT coefficients. Within the framework of hypothesis testing theory, we use a statistical model of covers to derive the analytical expression of the most powerful detector. The objective of the steganographer is to minimize the statistical performance of this “omniscient detector” which represents a “worst-case” scenario for security. This paper shows how this method allows designing effective steganography, in terms of both security and computational complexity, in the two main use cases: when having only one single JPEG image and when the uncompressed image is available, case also known as Side-Informed (SI). A wide range of numerical comparisons shows that the proposed method outperforms the current state-of-the-art especially against the latest and most accurate steganalysis approaches based on Deep Learning.

Сценарии личной безопасности субъекта конфликтного взаимодействия

Objective. Establishing the potential of reflexive image of personal security by subjects in the construction of scenarios of their conflict interaction.Background. The preservation and dissemination of the psychological practice of conflict interaction require further research aimed at improving the understanding of the factors of its occurrence and dynamic development. The authors of the article link their work in this direction with the introduction of the category of personal security into the research space of conflictology. The corresponding phenomenon, falling into the basic layers of the human need sphere, acquires a controlling status for its activity, including that in the form of conflict interaction.Study design. The paper demonstrates the possibility of constructing scenarios of personal security of subjects of conflict interaction and identifying their differences depending on the content of reflection. Procedures for comparing the quantitative distribution of different types of security scenarios were performed using the criterion φ* (Fisher’s angular transformation).Participants. Russian sample: 250 people (52.0% of girls and 48.0% of boys) aged 18 to 21 years (M=19.6, SD=19.5).Measurements. The main methods were the analysis of products and expert evaluation, the additional method was the clarifying conversation.Results. The reflection on personal security affects the quantitative and qualitative features of the interaction of conflict subjects. The scope and target pole of personal security are private parameters of reflection by subjects of conflict interaction and determine the scenario of its construction.Conclusions. The construction of scenarios of conflict interaction, taking into account the peculiarities of personal security reflection by its subjects, gives a new vision of the processes of initiation, planning, development and termination of the conflict. Scenarios of conflict interaction reveal the resource priorities of the subjects involved in it as a productive zone for applying efforts in the interests of overcoming it.

Comprehensive Formal Modeling and Automatic Vulnerability Detection for a Bitcoin-Compatible Mixing Protocol

Blindcoin applies a Bitcoin-compatible mixing protocol with a blind signature scheme to improve the design of the popular Mixcoin. Given the openness of Bitcoin and the decentralization of the P2P network, it is imperative to formally analyze whether the malicious can break the security goals of the Blindcoin protocol. This work proposes a symbolic model for Blindcoin and conducts comprehensive formal verification. Fine-grained security goals of Blindcoin are formalized and subsequently encoded as model lemmas. However, it is challenging to verify the Blindcoin in a formal and automatic way. To tackle the challenges, we propose a tool-friendly symbolic model that can capture the semantics of multi-layers of Bitcoin and the features of Blindcoin. Our formal verification covers real-world security scenarios and discovers the Blindcoin vulnerabilities without human interaction. Furthermore, we offer several suggestions to fix the detected Blindcoin vulnerabilities and discuss the generalization of the proposed model.

基于DTTD-MCR-PLUS模型的三生空间格局优化-以长沙市为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于DTTD-MCR-PLUS模型的三生空间格局优化——以长沙市为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105291413 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51876087）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（U1867221）；南华大学博士科研启动基金（190XQD047）；湖南省教育厅课题（18C0418） Optimization of “production-living-ecological” spaces based on DTTD-MCR-PLUS Model: Taking Changsha City as an example Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:优化三生空间格局有助于实现区域国土空间可持续高质量发展。研究提出利用动态交通时间数据优化最小阻力成本模型指标体系，对生态累计最小阻力与生活最小累计阻力差值进行聚类分析，利用突变点对各情景下的三生空间数量进行优化，从生活扩张、生态优先及基于资源与环境承载力视角下的粮食安全3个方面，提出了一种基于DTTD-MCR-PLUS的三生空间格局优化方法。研究发现：（1）基于动态数据优化的长沙市生态功能优化分区结果显示生态空间保护核心区面积为4111.41 km2，生态空间保护边缘区面积为2285.29 km2，生产空间开发重点区面积为2144.79 km2，生产空间开发边缘区面积为1928.59 km2，生活空间扩张集中区面积为1235.55 km2；（2）耦合DTTD-MCR-PLUS模型模拟的多情景结果表明：生活优先情景下，生活空间面积增幅高达43.57%，主要分布在望城区南部，长沙县西部和雨花区东部；生态优先情景下，生态空间转出速度最低，与生活优先情景相比下降了3.11%；粮食安全情景下，生产空间侵占生态空间速度加快，增幅高达58.79%；（3）协调基本农田、生态保护红线、以及自然保护区下的2030年长沙市三生空间格局优化布局方案结果表明：生产空间、生活空间和生态空间比例分别为37.63%、7.67%和54.70%。 Abstract:Optimizing the spatial pattern of "production-living-ecological" spaces is conducive to achieving regional sustainable and high-quality development. This study introduced a methodology for optimizing the spatial pattern of "production-living-ecological" spaces, called DTTD-MCR-PLUS. Considering the spatial heterogeneity of land expansion costs, the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) method and mutation detection were applied to conduct quantity optimization in "production-living-ecological" spaces, and a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model was used to reflect its spatial distribution under three different scenarios containing food security, ecological priority and production priority. Furtherly, the dynamic traffic time data (DTTD) was innovatively introduced to portray living and ecological space expansion cost. The research found that:(1) After the ecological function optimization zoning, the core protection area of Changsha's ecological space was 4111.41 km2, the edge protection area of ecological space was 2285.29 km2, the key area of production space was 2144.79 km2, and the area of production space was 1928.59 km2. In addition, the area of the concentrated living space expansion area was 2570.99 km2. (2) The multi-scenario results simulated by the coupled DTTD-MCR-PLUS model revealed that:under the living priority scenario, the living space area increased by 43.57%, which was mainly distributed in the southern part of the urban area, the western part of Changsha County, and the eastern part of Yuhua District. Under the ecological priority scenario, the land transition-out of ecological space is the lowest compared with other scenarios, which was 3.11% lower than that of living priority scenario. Under the food security scenario, the proportion of encroachment of production space into ecological space was accelerated, with an increase of up to 58.79%. (3) The results of coordinating the basic farmland, ecological protection red line, nature protected area, and the optimized Changsha's "production-living-ecological" spaces in 2030 showed that, the proportions of production space, living space and ecological space were 37.63%, 7.67%, and 54.70%, respectively. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Ontology-Based Emotional Decision-Making in Self-Evolving Defensive Agents

Responding instantaneously in an unprecedented situation is inevitable to mitigate zero day attacks in the cyber world. This situation has strong resemblance with the fight for survival in biological world. Both being complex systems, the biological world and the cyber world have structural similarities. Emotions are the key factor used by biological beings to take intuitive decisions, which are key to survival in the natural world. Inspired from the idea of emotional decision making in natural world and the structural similarity shown by biological and cyber worlds, this paper proposes an ontological mechanism to implement artificial emotion-based decision making for autonomous agents in cyber security scenario. Emotions are modelled as manifestation of the goals of agents. Stimuli and response are connected through emotions using the ontological structure. The mechanism is proven useful in eliciting appropriate response for the stimuli using ontological reasoning through SPARQL queries.

Alternative Social Security Scenarios: A Response to 'Social Security in a Unified Ireland' by Mike Tomlinson

Alternative Social Security Scenarios: A Response to 'Social Security in a Unified Ireland' by Mike Tomlinson

Simulating Urban Expansion Based on Ecological Security Pattern-A Case Study of Hangzhou, China.

Disordered urban expansion has encroached on a large amount of ecological land, resulting in the steady degradation of urban ecology, which has an adverse effect on the sustainable development of the region. An ecological security pattern can effectively control urban expansion, and it is of great significance to balance urban development and ecological protection. In order to analyze the impact of ecological security patterns on urban expansion, Hangzhou was taken as an example, the CA-Markov model and FLUS model were used to simulate the urban expansion pattern in 2030 under the natural development scenario and the ecological security scenario. The results showed that (1) the ecological source area in the study area is 630.90 km2 and was mainly distributed in the western mountainous area. There are 14 ecological corridors, primarily composed of valleys and rivers. Ecological nodes are mainly distributed on the north and south sides of the main urban area. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the annual increase index (AI) of construction land decreased in the northeast and southeast directions but increased in the northwest and southwest directions, and in the northeast direction the value was always the highest. Except for the southwest direction, the average annual growth rate (AGR) of construction land in the other directions decreased. At a distance from the city center of 30 km, AI was relatively higher and was increasing, while AGR was declining. At a distance of 30–45 km, both AI and AGR were increasing, indicating that the focus of construction land was moving outwards. (3) From 2018 to 2030, under both natural development scenario and ecological security scenario, construction land would keep expanding, but the construction land area, proportion, AI, and AGR of the latter would both be smaller than the former, indicating that the ecological security pattern can effectively curb urban expansion. Because of a large amount area of ecological sources, the expansion of construction land in the southwest direction would be constrained, especially under the ecological security scenario. The methods and results of this study can provide theoretical and application references for urban planning and green development in metropolises.

Assessment for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Management in the Aspect of Security Using System Dynamic (SD) Method

The security in the nuclear fuel cycle process has demonstrated that the behaviour of international terrorism is one of the nuclear industrial challenges where the complex algorithm of systems dynamics (SD) is applied. The simulation results are shown by graphs of the security of the nuclear fuel cycle which is related to the security scenarios of nuclear power plant (NPP). The simulation results have higher values, when the security is in worse situations. The importance of the study is the performance of dynamical simulation of the nuclear fuel cycle, the security incorporated with safeguard, and the 10 years’ analysis. Keywords—Security, Terrorism, Nuclear power plants, Safeguard, System dynamics, Simulation, Transmission, Cycle

A lightweight intelligent intrusion detection system for industrial internet of things using deep learning algorithms

AbstractWith the substantial industrial growth, the industrial internet of things (IIoT) and many IoT avenues have emerged. However, the existing industrial architectures are still inefficient to deal with advanced security issues due to the distributed and distensible nature of the network IIoT communication networks. Therefore, solutions for improving intelligent decision‐making actions to the IIoT are sorely necessary. Thus, in this paper, the main cybersecurity attacks are predicted by applying a deep learning model. The various security and integrity features such as the DoS, malevolent operation, data type probing, spying, scanning, intrusion detection, brute force, web attacks, and wrong setup is analysed and detected by a novel sparse evolutionary training (SET) based prediction model. To scrutinize the conduct of the proposed SET‐based prediction model, evaluation parameters, such as, precision, accuracy, recall, and F1 score are measured and compared to other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, in which the proposed SET‐based model achieved an average accuracy of 0.99% for an average testing time of 2.29 ms. Results reveal that the proposed model improved the attack detection accuracy by an average of 6.25% when compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art machine learning models in a real scenario of IoT security in Industry 4.0.

Growth and trend analysis of area, production and yield of rice: A scenario of rice security in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh positioned as third rice producing country in the world. In Bangladesh, regional growth and trend in rice production determinants, disparities and similarities of rice production environments are highly desirable. In this study, the secondary time series data of area, production, and yield of rice from 1969-70 to 2019-20 were used to investigate the growth and trend by periodic, regional, seasonal and total basis. Quality checking, trend fitting, and classification analysis were performed by the Durbin-Watson test, Exponential growth model, Cochrane-Orcutt iteration method and clustering method. The production contribution to the national rice production of Boro rice is increasing at 0.97% per year, where Aus and Aman season production contribution significantly decreased by 0.48% and 0.49% per year. Among the regions, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogura, Jashore, Rajshahi, and Chattogram contributed the most i.e., 13.9%, 9.8%, 8.6%, 8.6%, 8.2%, and 8.0%, respectively. Nationally, the area of Aus and Aman had a decreasing trend with a -3.63% and -0.16% per year, respectively. But, in the recent period (Period III) increasing trend was observed in the most regions. The Boro cultivation area is increasing with a rate of 3.57% per year during 1984-85 to 2019-20. High yielding variety adoption rate has increased over the period and in recent years it has found 72% for Aus, 73.5% for Aman, and 98.4% for Boro season. As a result, the yield of the Aus, Aman, and Boro seasons has been found increasing growth for most of the regions. We have identified different cluster regions in different seasons, indicating high dissimilarities among the rice production regions in Bangladesh. The region-wise actionable plan should be taken to rapidly adopt new varieties, management technologies and extension activities in lower contributor regions to improve productivity. Cluster-wise, policy strategies should be implemented for top and less contributor regions to ensure rice security of Bangladesh.

INFLUENCE OF LOCATION OF ONE AND MULTIPLE ANTENNAS ON CAPACITY OF C2C COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Due to the variety of existing and future wireless services, the number of antennas installed on a vehicle is constantly increasing. However, due to design limitations or the addition of more components of electrical equipment, the number of user-friendly antenna positions is reduced. To ensure stable data connections or even higher data rates with the remaining installation space, a possible solution is to use multiple antenna systems. This document discusses and evaluates 16 possible positions of antennas for communication between cars (C2C). The radiation pattern of all antennas is determined by the antenna synthesis maximization method, which takes into account real-world limitations such as space availability, transmission power, number and location of antennas. Channel bandwidth is used to compare different settings. This bandwidth is calculated using virtual disks based on typical application scenarios. The results of this study show which antenna positions and which combinations of antenna positions are most suitable for communication between C2C. Additional time and cost constraints, as well as an increase in the range of products for the automotive industry and a large number of degrees of freedom for the multi-purpose antenna necessitate the use of advanced modeling models and design strategies. Thus, this is the starting point for this work. Here is presented and used a technique that allows you to optimize single and multiple antenna systems. The main purpose of the proposed synthesis is to optimize the radiation profiles of antennas based on constraints specific to vehicles. For antenna design, this document identifies different scenarios based on typical C2C security scenarios. The simulation is carried out in a typical worst case in urban and rural areas or on highways.

The Progression in the Agriculture Area By means of IoT

The agricultural industry plays an essential role in overcoming the food scarcity scenarios for food security globally in the rising population scenario. In the agricultural sector, mechanization has improved various crop production, creating a new era for attaining agricultural precision. With the development of agricultural equipment, conventional usage of farm machinery has lately been changed. The realm of precision agriculture has transformed this breakthrough. The numerous types of high-quality efficient sensors have been used in the field of productive irrigation, fungicides, fertilizers and disease control in diverse plant. This approach has increased agricultural yield therefore reducing production costs. In agriculture, the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has enabled farmers to relieve themselves by utilizing Smartphone applications and high-speed internet. By comparing the data received from a farm with previously recorded standard charts in the database, these systems offer all the information required for a farmer to manage a crop accurately. In order to guarantee precision in agriculture, this innovation in the automation of agricultural equipment also enables farmers to increase production, solving the world's food crisis. This article examines the progress in the agricultural sector by integrating IoT technology for the precision farming.

Agriculture Sector Improvement Implementing IoT

The agricultural industry plays an essential role in overcoming the food scarcity scenarios for food security globally in the rising population scenario. In the agricultural sector, mechanization has improved various crop production, creating a new era for attaining agricultural precision. With the development of agricultural equipment, conventional usage of farm machinery has lately been changed. The realm of precision agriculture has transformed this breakthrough. The numerous types of high-quality efficient sensors have been used in the field of productive irrigation, fungicides, fertilizers and disease control in diverse plant. This approach has increased agricultural yield therefore reducing production costs. In agriculture, the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has enabled farmers to relieve themselves by utilizing Smartphone applications and high-speed internet. By comparing the data received from a farm with previously recorded standard charts in the database, these systems offer all the information required for a farmer to manage a crop accurately. In order to guarantee precision in agriculture, this innovation in the automation of agricultural equipment also enables farmers to increase production, solving the world's food crisis. This article examines the progress in the agricultural sector by integrating IoT technology for the precision farming.

A unified benchmark for security and reliability assessment of the integrated chemical plant, natural gas and power transmission networks

This work presents a simulation framework to investigate the rigorous transient behavior of integrated systems comprising natural gas and power transmission networks, and a chemical plant whose feedstock is natural gas. This framework entails dynamic models for the gas transmission network and the SynGas plant, and a continuous-time AC-power flow formulation with dispatchable loads. It addresses the following key challenges: (i) analyzing energy and chemical system interdependencies, and their impacts on each other's supply reliability and security; (ii) providing an environment conducive to settling a critical question of how to prioritize the natural gas consumption as fuels of power plants or feedstocks of chemical plants based on sustainability and resiliency criteria. The framework provides an integrated benchmark enabling users to realistically study various planning, scheduling, and operation problems of these integrated systems such as process control, fault diagnosis, optimization, and environmental damage analyses. Effectively coordinating natural gas, power, and chemical industries, the benchmark outclasses conventional energy test problems in analyzing presented reliability and security scenarios since such traditional works solely focused on integrated gas and power systems. Results evidence the effects of nonlinear behavior of chemical plants on reliability and security of both natural gas and power transmission networks, in an integrated manner. Moreover, scenarios on power demand variations, compressor failure occurrences, and gas storage utilizations are enacted; according to the results, the unified benchmark lends insight into crucial information such as spatiotemporal characteristics of disturbances and their propagation throughout the integrated systems and the required period and strategy to damp such disturbances. Such information facilitates reliability and security analyses of the integrated systems and enables the coordination of chemical plants with traditional gas and power networks, particularly in multiple load shedding events which requires supply prioritization of natural gas to power and chemical plants.

SELF: A method of searching for library functions in stripped binary code

During software development, numerous third-party library functions are often reused. Accurately recognizing library functions reused in software is of great significance for some security scenarios, such as the detection of known vulnerabilities and reverse analyses of malware. An optional method for recognizing library functions is matching the functions in the library to those in the target software. However, due to the diversity of function library versions, compilers, build options, etc., there are differences between the two corresponding functions. Recognizing library functions used in target software precisely is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel method named SELF (SEarch for Library Functions) to recognize library functions used in target software. In SELF, the function is represented with a co-occurrence matrix and encoded by a convolutional auto-encoder (CAE). Then, the similarity between two functions is detected using the generated bottleneck features. This scheme focuses on the discriminative semantic features; thus, this method can not only distinguish different functions but also tolerate the subtle differences between two pairing functions, which is specifically required for library function recognition. We collected 451 software projects, including approximately 3 million functions, to train and evaluate SELF. The experimental results show that SELF performs well in both Recall@1 and Recall@5. Especially when the library version gap is large, SELF significantly outperforms classic BINDIFF. In addition, SELF shows good computational efficiency.

Brazilian climate policy (1992–2019): an exercise in strategic diplomatic failure

ABSTRACT In the Anthropocene, practicing diplomacy with a renewed emphasis on strategy is critical. However, the implications of the planet’s new geological reality – of which climate change is the primary indicator – have not been internalised into policy and practice thus far at both the domestic and international levels. Brazil is no exception. In this article, the strategic diplomacy framework is applied to the Brazilian case as a policy proposal and diagnostic tool to (a) identify the country’s strategic climate interest, (b) propose a diplomatic strategy capable of addressing the gravity of the climate crisis, and (c) analyse the factors blocking the development of a national agenda and policy consistent with a climate security scenario. Despite Brazil’s vast natural capital, powerful interests in the agribusiness and energy sectors, lack of vision among the ruling elites, and a poorly educated population in a society still marked by high levels of poverty and income inequality have precluded the country from developing a leading role in the global climate arena.

Agro-economic and socio-environmental assessments of food and virtual water trades of Iran

Ending hunger and ensuring food security are among targets of 2030’s SDGs. While food trade and the embedded (virtual) water (VW) may improve food availability and accessibility for more people all year round, the sustainability and efficiency of food and VW trade needs to be revisited. In this research, we assess the sustainability and efficiency of food and VW trades under two food security scenarios for Iran, a country suffering from an escalating water crisis. These scenarios are (1) Individual Crop Food Security (ICFS), which restricts calorie fulfillment from individual crops and (2) Crop Category Food Security (CCFS), which promotes “eating local” by suggesting food substitution within the crop category. To this end, we simulate the water footprint and VW trades of 27 major crops, within 8 crop categories, in 30 provinces of Iran (2005–2015). We investigate the impacts of these two scenarios on (a) provincial food security (FSp) and exports; (b) sustainable and efficient blue water consumption, and (c) blue VW export. We then test the correlation between agro-economic and socio-environmental indicators and provincial food security. Our results show that most provinces were threatened by unsustainable and inefficient blue water consumption for crop production, particularly in the summertime. This water mismanagement results in 14.41 and 8.45 billion m3 y−1 unsustainable and inefficient blue VW exports under ICFS. “Eating local” improves the FSp value by up to 210% which lessens the unsustainable and inefficient blue VW export from hotspots. As illustrated in the graphical abstract, the FSp value strongly correlates with different agro-economic and socio-environmental indicators, but in different ways. Our findings promote “eating local” besides improving agro-economic and socio-environmental conditions to take transformative steps toward eradicating food insecurity not only in Iran but also in other countries facing water limitations.

Mycotoxins: Food Safety, Consumer Health and Africa’s Food Security

Mycotoxins are among the major food contaminants, especially in Africa and in many developing countries. Contamination by mycotoxins has greater consequences in terms of both human and animal health as well as economics of these countries. This phenomenon may impact negatively Africa’s food availability and food security scenarios. This review evaluated mycotoxins in foods, safety of foods, consumer health and Africa’s food security. This review also gave comprehensive information on socio-economic implications of mycotoxins of foods and the effects on food security in Africa. In Africa, information concerning food contamination by mycotoxins is very scanty and the problem of storing agricultural produce under poor storage conditions that may predispose food to fungal infestation and subsequent mycotoxin contamination are common in African countries. Consumption of moldy produce or food contaminated with mycotoxins and the dangers of mycotoxicoses as well as the impact on public health necessitated a comprehensive approach to reduce the impact on public health and consumer safety. The challenges of food shortages, wars and conflicts, poor governance and planning in African countries have increased the problems of mycotoxins in Africa. In order to improve food safety, consumer health and availability of needed food by the teeming African population, education and enlightenment of Africans on the economic and health implications of mycotoxins are very crucial. The major techniques for control and mitigation of mycotoxins need to be explained to consumers. A robust regulatory control and effective analyses and detection of mycotoxins as well as good produce handling and storage are important to stem the tides of effects of mycotoxins in foods in Africa countries to improve consumer health and food security.