Security Scenarios Research Articles

Secure keys data distribution based user-storage-transit server authentication process model using mathematical post-quantum cryptography methodology

<abstract> <p>The central remote servers are essential for storing and processing data for cloud computing evaluation. However, traditional systems need to improve their ability to provide technical data security solutions. Many data security challenges and complexities await technical solutions in today's fast-growing technology. These complexities will not be resolved by combining all secure encryption techniques. Quantum computing efficiently evolves composite algorithms, allowing for natural advances in cyber security, forensics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning-based complex systems. It also demonstrates solutions to many challenging problems in cloud computing security. This study proposes a user-storage-transit-server authentication process model based on secure keys data distribution and mathematical post-quantum cryptography methodology. The post-quantum cryptography mathematical algorithm is used in this study to involve the quantum computing-based distribution of security keys. It provides security scenarios and technical options for securing data in transit, storage, user, and server modes. Post-quantum cryptography has defined and included the mathematical algorithm in generating the distributed security key and the data in transit, on-storage, and on-editing. It has involved reversible computations on many different numbers by super positioning the qubits to provide quantum services and other product-based cloud-online access used to process the end-user's artificial intelligence-based hardware service components. This study will help researchers and industry experts prepare specific scenarios for synchronizing data with medicine, finance, engineering, and banking cloud servers. The proposed methodology is implemented with single-tenant, multi-tenant, and cloud-tenant-level servers and a database server. This model is designed for four enterprises with 245 users, and it employs integration parity rules that are implemented using salting techniques. The experimental scenario considers the plain text size ranging from 24 to 8248 for analyzing secure key data distribution, key generation, encryption, and decryption time variations. The key generation and encryption time variations are 2.3233 ms to 8.7277 ms at quantum-level 1 and 0.0355 ms to 1.8491 ms at quantum-level 2. The key generation and decryption time variations are 2.1533 ms to 19.4799 ms at quantum-level 1 and 0.0525 ms to 3.3513 ms at quantum-level 2.</p> </abstract>

Analysis and detection of insider attacks using behaviour rule based architecture in enterprise multitenancy

The enterprise level data security and privacy are one of the focal key challenges to the pr enterprise and security companies to prevent private data from outside and inside attacks. The insider threats and attacks can pretense a real defense risk to the various internal multi-tenants of various enterprises and companies. The data thievery by insiders of the companies is as a great deal the consequence of enterprises failing to execute the scheme and expertise to member of staff supervise activities and administrate the authenticated data-access to data as it the authentic spiteful activities of member of staff looking for economic benefits in multi-tenancy environment. This research composed with three major objectives: Description of insider attack causes with their impact factors; Implications of behavior rule-based architecture in enterprise multitenancy; Integration of behavior rules with prevention thresholds to control user accessibility for prevention of insider attacks and threats; This paper has described the efficient security scenario to avoid insider attaching complexities. This research is more helping the cyber security experts and network administrators to reduce the insider attacks by building the efficient monitoring intelligent system. The experimental scenarios built with125 authenticated, 29 non-authenticated internal users, and 62 authenticated, 18 non-authenticated external users of single enterprise level and avoided insider attacks and threats.

A mobile radiation detection system for security inspection and monitoring

In Nuclear Security scenarios, traditional radiation portal monitors are normally fixed, large, and expensive equipment. This study introduces an innovative, cost-effective solution: a lightweight, compact, mobile gamma-ray/beta and neutron detection system, comprising two plastic scintillators with silicon photomultipliers. Designed for inspecting maritime containers, a real-time gamma-ray source search algorithm operates during perimeter scans. Using maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm computes radiation source coordinates. To optimize the detection system’s path and enhance survey quality (informed path), a profit function is employed. This function is grounded in either gamma-ray count analysis or source position estimations, providing dual approaches to improve source position accuracy. Evaluating this approach, simulations used a 137Cs source inside a container, with gamma-ray counts adjusted for geometric detection efficiency and material attenuation. The informed path generated by the source search algorithm is compared to predefined paths, revealing substantial improvements in source height estimation accuracy and reduced confidence intervals. The use of profit functions to refine the initial path enhances system reliability and streamlines inspection time.

Toward Pactive (Passive +Active) Sensing for Improved Identification of Material Properties

Subsurface electromagnetic sensing techniques that can measure material properties of hidden layers are useful for applications such as security screening. A system combining active (radar) and passive (radiometer) sensing into one unit, or a pactive sensor, can address drawbacks of extant single mode sensors by reducing measurement ambiguity and resolving features better, thereby leading to improved identification of the hidden layer. This work investigates a technique to noninvasively extract the complex permittivity and thickness of hidden dielectrics using a pactive sensor. A proof-of-concept demonstration of an optimization-based inversion technique is used to extract the properties of an unknown, hidden layer in a multi-layered dielectric structure. The technique uses active data to estimate dielectric constant and thickness, and passive data to estimate loss tangent. The experimental setup is selected to represent a simplified single-voxel security scenario consisting of multiple dielectric layers backed by a human phantom layer (heated water). Tests using K-band prototype radar and radiometer systems yielded results with less than 5% error in the extracted dielectric constant, loss tangent and thickness of the unknown layer.

Reinforcement Learning-Based Physical Cross-Layer Security and Privacy in 6G

Sixth-generation (6G) cellular systems will have an inherent vulnerability to physical (PHY)-layer attacks and privacy leakage, due to the large-scale heterogeneous networks with booming time-sensitive applications. Important wireless techniques including non-orthogonal multiple access, mobile edge computing, millimeter-wave, massive multiple-input and multiple-output, visible light communication, terahertz, and intelligent reflecting surface can improve the spectrum efficiency and quality-of-service but will raise challenges for the 6G PHY and cross-layer security and privacy protection. Existing optimization based PHY and cross-layer security and privacy protection schemes such as the convex optimization method have to rely on accurate attack patterns and strategies and thus suffer from performance degradation in 6G systems that have shorter communication latency, more devices and higher spectrum efficiency than 5G. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms help wireless devices optimize their security policies to enhance the security performance in dynamic networks against smart attacks without depending on the attack model. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive survey on the RL based 6G PHY cross-layer security and privacy protection. In this article, we investigate the potential attacks in 6G systems and discuss the PHY cross-layer security solutions. A brief overview of reinforcement learning algorithms is provided. Afterward, we review the RL based PHY-layer security and privacy protection and discuss how to apply RL algorithms in 6G security scenarios, especially focusing on the game with jammers, eavesdroppers, spoofers and inference attackers. The RL based security solutions for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and cross-layer scenarios are also reviewed. The future research directions are identified and the corresponding RL based potential solutions are discussed for 6G.

Distributed dual-layer autonomous closed loops for self-protection of 5G/6G IoT networks from distributed denial of service attacks

Internet of Things (IoT) is a major application area of the Fifth-Generation (5G) and beyond capable of providing massive machine-type communications (mMTC) at a large scale. It enables a wide range of applications such as smart cities, smart grids, smart factories and so on. In light of the huge number of devices involved, it is prohibitive to manage the massive large-scale cyber security scenarios manually. Therefore, closed automation loops are essential to automate such management. This paper proposes a new cognitive closed loop system to offer distributed dual-layer self-protection capabilities to battle against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The proposed system features the novel usage of concurrent autonomous closed-loops for the different stakeholders’ business roles: Digital Service Providers (DSPs) and Infrastructure Service Providers (ISPs) respectively, suitable to provide a multi-layer self-protection defence mechanisms across multiple administrative domains. It has been designed, implemented and experimentally validated. Empirical results have shown that there is a high potential in the collaboration between the stakeholders to achieve the common goal of self-protection of infrastructures. It makes a major difference in the performance of the whole infrastructure for detecting, analysing and mitigating the threat when the proposed distributed dual-layer loops are applied instead of a standalone loop. The system has achieved a 78.12% of effectiveness compared with a 4.73% of the standalone counterpart, for a large scale attack when stopping 256 infected devices. Also, the proposed system has achieved a response time of 18 s whereas the standalone has required 57 s, achieving an optimization of performance of 316%.

The Transformation of Rice Crop Technology in Indonesia: Innovation and Sustainable Food Security

The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5.46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.

Is the gated community really safe? An empirical analysis based on communities with varying degrees of closure

ABSTRACT Gated communities are considered a way of living that provides privacy and security. Existing research has mostly focused on subjective emotional judgments such as fear of crime, while it is unclear whether communities with different degrees of closure have avoided insecure incidents. Taking six communities and 649 questionnaires in Changsha, China as study cases, we analyze the relationship between community closure and community security. The results show that not gated communities but open communities are the safest, while semi-gated communities are the least safe. It is confirmed that community security is regardless of being gated. One possible explanation for this is the joint effect of ‘dual security scenarios’. This means that the living communities’ security is not only rooted in the construction of a safe physical space, but also depended on a humanistic atmosphere with informal relations and residents’ safety awareness, providing natural surveillance possibilities.

What is forest tenure (in)security? Insights from participatory perspective analysis

Over the past two decades, growing recognition of forest-based Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs) sparked forest tenure reforms to formalize IP and LC rights to forests and forest lands through a variety of mechanisms. Nevertheless, tenure security, an intended objective of such reforms, has received less attention, despite being integral to the life and livelihoods of IPs and LCs and important for forests. Formal rights - a title, certificate or contract - is often used as an inadequate proxy for security, though the need to understand perception has been increasingly recognized. But understanding perceptions around tenure (in)security also raises the challenge of unpacking what people mean when they say they perceive tenure to be secure or insecure. This article explores perceptions of tenure (in)security using a novel approach – Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA), a multi-stakeholder foresight scenario-building method. The research explores tenure security scenarios in Indonesia, Peru and Uganda drawing on results from a series of workshops implemented in 2015 and 2016 primarily at subnational level, with 177 government officials, practitioners and members of community level organizations involved in forest tenure reforms. Four women-only workshops (three subnational and one national) were organized in Peru and Uganda with an additional 87 participants. The results demonstrate the immense depth and complexity of tenure security and insecurity perceptions and the interplay of multiple factors driving toward and away from desirable futures. The method also demonstrates the benefits of PPA for bringing together different perspectives and promoting mutual understanding without reducing complexity. The article contributes to efforts to find common ground not only around how tenure (in)security is defined but also how it is being assessed; and points to the need to embrace more holistic approaches in practice for the future of forest dependent communities and forest landscapes.

Secure Communication Using Interference Cancellation Against Multiple Jammers

In the area of physical-layer security for wireless communications, jamming is one of the methods that a malicious agent uses to actively attack legitimate nodes. The jammers make interference to hinder the legitimate transmissions. It can use the constant, random, or reactive mode with fixed or varied signals. We formulate a general model for all jamming modes and signal types. We propose novel methods to eliminate the interfering signals and securely estimate the needed signals for a network model with two legitimate nodes who are exchanging information via a relay. The method for the varied signal is generalized into a theorem such that it can be also used in a scenario different from the security scenario. We exploit the ratios of the channel between each jammer and a certain antenna of a receiver to the channel between that jammer and the rest of antennas of that receiver to estimate the needed signals. It is then applied in the two-way relay scenario to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed schemes. The numerical results show that the secrecy rate of the proposed schemes are higher than that of the corresponding conventional schemes.

Rice: Seed Systems, Production Characteristics, and Fungal Infections of Stored Grains in Major Production Zones of Liberia

The inadequacy of information on rice farmers' situations, particularly their access to propagation materials and grain storage and the impact thereof on Liberia's food security scenario, curtails the development of strategies and interventions meant to optimize rice production. This study investigated the rice seed systems, storage methods of the harvested rice grains, and degree of fungal contamination of stored rice seeds in the major rice-producing counties of Liberia: Lofa, Bong, Montserrado, and Nimba. A mixed data collection method, comprising interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) was adopted. Five hundred (500) farmers were purposefully selected for one-on-one interviews, and 12 FGDs were held (three in each county). The results indicated that 94.7% of farmers source seeds through informal channels. Grain for use as seed in the subsequent farming season is mainly stored in kitchen attics, a practice reported by 83.8% of the farmers, while 7.8%, 3.8%, and 4.6% of farmers stored seeds in plastic containers, nylon sacks, and jute bags, respectively. Land size was identified as the primary factor determining rice yield across the studied counties, R2 = 0.944, p = 0.001. Farmers in high-rainfall regions had a high likelihood of experiencing fungal infections on their stored grains; however, only 19.6% of farmers were aware of the health implications of consuming affected grains. Therefore, policies and support frameworks should be directed towards actualizing modern seed channels and extension services and creating awareness of the different nodes of the rice value chain.

Spatiotemporal variation of land-use carbon emissions and its implications for low carbon and ecological civilization strategies: Evidence from Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou metropolitan circle, China

• LUCE increased by 1284.78×10 4 tons from 2000 to 2020. • LCES scenario decreased LUCE with 128.74 × 10 4 tons than that in BAU scenario. • Area and management of arable land, forest land and construction land should be regulated. • The policy effectiveness and adaptation to local conditions should be ensured. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variation of historical and future land-use carbon emission (LUCE) in the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou metropolitan circle, China, to obtain policy implications for low carbon and ecological security by simulating land use change under low carbon and ecological security (LCES) scenario and business as usual (BAU) scenario in 2030. Our results showed that: (1) Under LCES scenario, the area of arable land and construction land was 1.17% and 0.40% less than that under BAU scenario, whereas the area of forest land was 1.90% more than that. (2) LUCE increased by 1284.78×10 4 tons totally in 2000–2020. Whereas under LCES scenario, LUCE was 128.74×10 4 tons less than that under BAU scenario, and the carbon absorption of forest land increased by 24.90×10 4 tons. (3) At city scale, LUCE in cities followed the order of Quanzhou>Zhangzhou>Xiamen in 2000–2030. The county scale witnessed rapid-growth and heavy LUCE in coast over time. LUCE at grid scale showed an expansion from coast to inland all the time, but it was alleviated under LCES scenario. The quantity and spatial structure of land use types should be optimized, and low-carbon and ecological classification management should be implemented at arable land, forest land and construction land strictly.

A Systemic Approach for Natural Language Scenario Elicitation of Security Requirements

Security analysts rely on scenarios to assess vulnerabilities, project attacks, and decide on security requirements that mitigate the threat. However, eliciting natural language scenarios from stakeholders can be an ad-hoc process and subject to ambiguity and incompleteness. In this article, we examine systematic scenario elicitation by introducing a method based on user stories that uses a simplified process model of iterative scenario refinement. The process consists of three steps: 1) eliciting an interaction statement that describes a critical action performed by a user or system process; 2) eliciting one or more descriptive statements about a technology that enables the interaction; and 3) refinement of the technology into technical variants that correspond to design alternatives. We empirically evaluated our method by implementing our prototype in a user study that collects 30 security scenarios from participants. Based on our analysis, our proposed method is shown effective. Participants had a 100 percent task completion rate with 57 percent of participants achieving complete task-success, and the remaining 43 percent of participants achieving partial task-success. We also show the effect of security domain knowledge, and the benefit of using structure when collecting security requirements in natural language text. Finally, we present lessons learned and future research directions.

A Low Complexity and Long Period Digital Random Sequence Generator Based on Residue Number System and Permutation Polynomial

Long period digital random sequence plays an important role in reliable communications and high security scenarios. This paper improved the method of generating long period digital random sequences based on the Residue Number System (RNS) and the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT), and a sequence mapping method after CRT extension. This paper proves that the period of sequence after mapping will not degenerate if the modulus used in the mapping stage is coprime with the period of the original sequence. By using the parallelism of RNS, the proposed method can generate sequences at high speed with fewer hardware resources. The NIST test results show that the pass rate of each test item is above 98.40%, which meets the NIST test confidence requirements, confirming the randomness of the generated sequences. An image encryption test is given as one of the example applications of the generated sequences. On the theoretical basis, by jointly optimizing the sequence mapping and iteration procedure, a hardware implementation architecture is also presented in this paper. The implementation is based on Xilinx XC7Z020CLG484-3 FPGA and compared with the implementations of classical chaotic maps. The results show that the proposed architecture has longer sequence period with less hardware resource consumption and higher generation speed and is more general. Meanwhile, the proposed architecture has fast phase switching ability, which is about 10 clock periods. This is one of the key attributes when the sequence is used in communication systems.

A numerical simulation-based method to predict floor wise distribution of cooling loads in Indian residences using Tukey honest significant difference test

ABSTRACT India's energy security scenario (IESS 2047) projects a mammoth increase in residential air conditioners, from 21.8 million units in 2017 to 154.4 million in 2038. This increased demand for space cooling accounts for an equal responsibility from architects and energy engineers to research building design-related cooling load nexus. This paper studies the pattern of cooling load dispersion between floors for 25 dominant residential typologies in Navi Mumbai that vary in heights, shapes, footprint areas, and densities. Simulation for cooling loads is done using Rhinoceros 6 tool with energy plus plugin. Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Post Hoc Test is done after ANOVA to group floors with similar cooling load profiles. The results show a strict increase in cooling load till the top floor for low rise and mid-rise. However, for high-rise buildings, most intermediate floors fall under a single subset category; thereby, the increase in cooling load among floors is not similar. This shows that as building height increases, the difference between cooling loads of intermediate floors decreases significantly. Also, an increase in height with a decrease in footprint area reduces the overall cooling load of the building.

Defense coordination in security games: Equilibrium analysis and mechanism design

Real-world security scenarios sometimes involve multiple defenders: security agencies of two or more countries might patrol the same border areas, and domestic security agencies might also operate in the same locations when their areas of jurisdiction overlap. Motivated by these scenarios and the observation that uncoordinated movements of the defenders may lead to an inefficient defense, we introduce a model of multi-defender security games and explore the possibility of improving efficiency by coordinating the defenders — specifically, by pooling the defenders' resources and allocating them jointly. The model generalizes the standard model of Stackelberg security games, where a defender (now a group of defenders) allocates security resources to protect a set of targets, and an attacker picks the best target to attack. In particular, we are interested in the situation with heterogeneous defenders, who may value the same target differently. Our task is twofold. First, we need to develop a good understanding of the uncoordinated situation, as the baseline to be improved. To this end we formulate a new equilibrium concept, and prove that an equilibrium under this concept always exists and can be computed efficiently. Second, to coordinate the heterogeneous defenders we take a mechanism design perspective and aim to find a mechanism to generate joint resource allocation strategies. We seek a mechanism that improves the defenders' utilities upon the uncoordinated baseline, achieves Pareto efficiency, and incentivizes the defenders to report their true incentives and execute the recommended strategies. Our analysis establishes several impossibility results, which indicate the intrinsic difficulties of defense coordination. Specifically, we show that even the basic properties listed above are in conflict with each other: no mechanism can simultaneously satisfy them all, or even some proper subsets of them. In terms of positive results, we present mechanisms that satisfy all combinations of the properties that are not ruled out by our impossibility results, thereby providing a comprehensive profile of the mechanism design problem with respect to the properties considered.

The Policy Choice and Economic Assessment of High Emissions Industries to Achieve the Carbon Peak Target under Energy Shortage—A Case Study of Guangdong Province

In recent years, due to the rise in energy prices and the impact of COVID-19, energy shortages have led to unsafe power supply environments. High emissions industries which account for more than 58% of the carbon emissions of Guangdong Province have played an important role in achieving the carbon peak goal, alleviating social energy shortage and promoting economic growth. Controlling high emissions industries will help to adjust the industrial structure and increase renewable energy investment. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the policies of energy security and the investments of high emission industries. This paper builds the ICEEH-GD (comprehensive assessment model of climate, economy, environment and health of Guangdong Province) model, designs the Energy Security scenario (ES), the Restrict High Carbon Emission Sector scenario (RHS) and the Comprehensive Policy scenario (CP), and studies the impact of limiting high emissions industries and renewable energy policies on the transformation of investment structure, macro-economy and society. The results show that under the Energy Security scenario (ES), carbon emissions will peak in 2029, with a peak of 681 million tons. Under the condition of ensuring energy security, the installed capacity of coal-fired power generation will remain unchanged from 2025 to 2035. Under the Restrict High Carbon Emission Sector scenario (RHS), the GDP will increase by 8 billion yuan compared with the ES scenario by 2035. At the same time, it can promote the whole society to increase 10,500 employment opportunities, and more investment will flow to the low emissions industries. In the Comprehensive Policy scenario (CP), although the GDP loss will reach 33 billion yuan by 2035 compared with the Energy Security scenario (ES), the transportation and service industries will participate in carbon trading by optimizing the distribution of carbon restrictions in the whole society, which will reduce the carbon cost of the whole society by more than 48%, and promote the employment growth of 104,000 people through industrial structure optimization. Therefore, the power sector should increase investment in renewable energy to ensure energy security, limit the new production capacity of high emissions industries such as cement, steel and ceramics, and increase the green transition and efficiency improvement of existing high emissions industries.

COMPLEMENTARY PENSION PENSION IN BRAZIL

Moments of crisis, as a rule, bring doubts about the maintenance of institutions, as well as about their future, but they are also catalysts of opportunities, providing reconstructions of paradigms that, in an environment of normality, end up falling back on the stigma of hesitation. In today’s world, the crisis in the Social Security system ended up making room for a greater appreciation of the Complementary Pension Institute in Brazil. With the advent of the greater insertion of this system in the Brazilian social security scenario, it was necessary to modernize the legislation on the subject, aiming to regulate the institute more efficiently to guarantee more transparency and security to the wards. In this sense, a correct reading of the legal transformation on the subject appears as a need for problematization that is inherent to every context that involves an object that becomes legalized. As an exponent point of this work, a historical and evolutionary investigation of the institute stands out, as well as an analysis of its legal evolution and future perspectives, made through a bibliographic review of books and scientific articles that exposes knowledge on the subject.

Ion Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Bromide Ions in Cereals and Legumes: New Scenario for Global Food Security.

The new scenario for global food production and supply is decidedly complex given the current forecast of an increase in food fragility due to international tensions. In this period, exports from other parts of the world require different routes and treatments to preserve the food quality and integrity. Fumigation is a procedure used for the killing, removal, or rendering infertile of pests, with serious dangers to human health. The most-used fumigants are methyl bromide and ethylene dibromide. It is important to bear in mind that the soil may contain bromide ions naturally or from anthropogenic source (fertilizers and pesticides that contain bromide or previous fumigations). Different methods (titrimetric, spectrophotometric, and fluorometric approaches) are available to rapidly determine the amount of bromide ion on site in the containers, but these are non-specific and with high limits of quantification. The increasing interest in healthy food, without xenobiotic residues, requires the use of more sensitive, specific, and accurate analytical methods. In order to help give an overview of the bromide ion scenario, a new, fast method was developed and validated according to SANTE 11312/2021. It involves the determination of bromide ion in cereals and legumes through ion chromatography–Q-Orbitrap. The extraction was performed by the QuPPe method, but some modifications were applied based on the matrix. The method described here was validated at four different levels. Recoveries were satisfactory and the mean values ranged between 99 and 106%, with a relative standard deviation lower than 3%. The linearity in the matrix was evaluated to be between 0.010 and 2.5 mg kg−1, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9962. Finally, the proposed method was applied to different cereals and legumes (rice, wheat, beans, lentils pearled barley, and spelt) and tested with satisfactory results in EUPT-SMR16 organized by EURL.

Research on real-time object detection based on Yolo algorithm

Carrying controlled knives and guns and ammunition in public places is a serious threat to public safety, and the target proportion of images in monitoring is small, and the recognition background is complex. The existing monitoring methods in public places have problems that can not be well recognized automatically. Therefore, the YOLOV5 model is proposed to be applied in Intelligent Security to improve public safety. Focusing on the target detection of contraband in public under the application scenario of Intelligent Security, the characteristics and requirements of the detection task are analyzed, and the viewpoint of applying YOLOV5 algorithm to real-time detection of contraband is put forward. The history and basic principles of YOLO series algorithms and target detection are summarized. YOLOV5 performance test was carried out systematically to verify the feasibility of the method. Then, the detection dataset is made, format conversion and labeling are carried out, and the training data is expanded, and the related detection experiments are carried out on the computer. The results show that the contraband detection method based on YOLOV5 has great potential in practical application.