Security Purposes Research Articles

Automatic License Plate Recognition System

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (LPR) plays an important role in numerous applications and various techniques have been proposed. In this paper we will learn about the automatic license plate detection of the security purpose and documentation of entry of vehicles inside any building. In this technique we are using easy-OCR for detection of the characters and numbers present in the number plate. By using this technique, we can store the number plate details and vehicle entry time in an accurate rate and in a faster way. In this project we are using the camera to take the picture of the number plate and then by using easy OCR we are taking the characters and number values from the image of the number plate and then the data is stored in the data base and can be exported when ever needed.

National Goals in Foreign Policy

The basis and survival of states in foreign policy depends on national goals and interests. Guaranteeing and defining national goals for states is so fundamental and important that foreign policy has no special meaning without it. States pursue their national goals and interests seriously in their foreign policy decision-making and structuring. The national goals and interests of states are subject to variability for a variety of reasons, and uniformity is unlikely. Why some of the goals that are set for almost all states as national goals are related to the self-preservation and security of states. That security is paramount to all foreign goals in terms of degree of importance for all countries. The purpose of security is the self and the purpose of self-preservation is these four phenomena: Preservation of national territory, protect your population, protecting the independence of the country, the survival of the political and economic system.

Efficient large-scale face clustering using an online Mixture of Gaussians

In recent years, the number of applications demanding real-time face clustering algorithms has increased, especially for security and surveillance purposes. However, state-of-the-art face clustering methods are offline, they need to repeat the whole clustering process every time new data arrives, and thus, they are not suitable for real-time applications. On the other hand, online clustering methods are highly dependent on the order and the size of the data, and they are less accurate than offline methods. To overcome these limitations, we present an online gaussian mixture-based clustering method (OGMC). The key idea of this method is the proposal that an identity can be represented by more than just one distribution or cluster. Using feature vectors extracted from the incoming faces, OGMC generates clusters that may be connected to others depending on their proximity and their robustness, and updates their connections every time their parameters are updated. With this approach, we reduce the dependency of the clustering process on the order and the size of the data and we are able to deal with complex data distributions. Experimental results show that OGMC outperforms state-of-the-art clustering methods on large-scale face clustering benchmarks not only in accuracy, but also in efficiency and scalability.

USO DE DEEP LEARNING APLICADO NO RECONHECIMENTO DE AÇÕES HUMANAS A PARTIR DE VÍDEOS EM ALTA RESOLUÇÃO VISANDO IDENTIFICAR MOVIMENTOS SUSPEITOS

The use of computer vision plays an important role for security purposes. However, the combination with deep learning techniques and convolutional neural networks are still little explored because they demand a lot of computational processing capacity. This work aims to combine these techniques in order to generate an algorithm that is capable of identifying and tracking individuals in videos, in addition to monitoring their actions with the purpose of identifying movements that could signify a criminal act, using the YOLO algorithm for identification, Kalman filter for tracking and BlazePose for movement identification. This work resulted in a 95% accuracy rate on well-defined videos and an 81% accuracy rate using video from the most popular security cameras.

A Study on Smart Voice Assistants

Smart voice assistants are agents or software agents that have the ability to analyse human speech and respond appropriately with a combined voice. In today's world, there are a plethora of smart assistants available, like Google's Assistant, Amazon's Alexa, and a slew of others. They're all highly popular smart voice assistants that come pre-trained or, as we like to call it, inbuilt in our Android phones and also embedded in home speakers, with a plethora of apps. Its operation is pretty simple: users just ask their smart assistants a query, and the assistants begin processing in accordance with the owner's wishes give him with the greatest possible answer to his inquiries. This research paper discusses the progress of fundamental functionality as well as some of the features of smart voice assistants that are now in use. It also talked about the privacy and security concerns that might arise with voice assistants. In addition, a brief research was conducted at the end of this article to determine the customer's degree of satisfaction with this technology. It has also been observed that youngsters who do not know how to write asking inquiries to smart assistants may influence their minds and aid them in resolving their problems, so strengthening their notion. As a result, the right interaction between the user (human) and the computer has been built in terms of voice driven interfaces, which is directly based on natural language processing technologies in this work. Keywords: Speech Recognition, Voice Assistants, Artificial Intelligence Software Agents, Human Computer Interaction, Advance in Security Purpose

The Fiqhi Thought of Price Volatility in Crypto Asset

Cryptocurrency gains the popularity among digital investors almost in a decade. Starting with bitcoin or BTC as a pioneer coin in the crypto market, today there are more than five thousand different coins are being traded at every second worldwide. The acceptance among giant companies and countries had shown positive trend that this new asset class might have a bright future. Replacing fiat currency as main currency is a possible even there are too many hurdles and challenges to be solved but to be treated as an investment mode could be accepted in today’s situation. This paper aims to seek a clarification on how Shariah ruling in trading crypto asset, is it Shariah compliant? or at least Shariah-friendly especially when the digital asset always been criticized for being too volatile in their prices that deemed as gharar. As a result, cryptocurrency in general is a legal asset to be traded from Shariah view even it vulnerable to price volatility due to clarity of the transaction, market factors that create the prices and for security purposes. Besides, the trade does not contain any riba element, gharar and maysir also involve in prohibited business.

Advanced Jacket for Military Defense and Social Welfare

Abstract: As the climatic conditions are changing rapidly, the winters are getting much colder, especially in northern region and the western region of India. Since we developed a smart army jacket using control media devices such as, GPS, SENSORS in the jacket. The smart army jacket aims for providing reliable health monitoring as well as position tracking of soldier. Some of climatically conditions are led to unfortunate deaths of soldiers. This jacket can automatically sense the temperature inside, outside using temperature sensors. We are using coils for heating purpose and the temperature of the coil will depends on the outer temperature. GPS, the models used for communication purpose. Hence for monitoring the health and the heart rate of the soldier health monitoring equipment sensors are been establish in the jacket as well. In enemy territory soldiers not only have to deal with the physical threat, but also with stress and fatigue caused by protracted operations or lack of sleep. so for the security purpose we need a tool for remote soldier performance and health monitoring. so in this project a tool are implemented using bio medical sensors like heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor for health monitoring purpose by using the microcontroller.

Voice Controlled Robot Vehicle Using Arduino

Abstract: This project was created in such a way that voice instructions are used to control the robot. For required duties, an android application with a microcontroller is employed. Bluetooth technology facilitates the connection between the android app and the automobile. The robot is operated by the user's spoken orders or buttons on the application. The two dc servo motors attached to the microcontroller on the receiver side aid the robot's movement. The Bluetooth RF transmitter converts the commands from the application into digital signals at a range of about 100 metres to the robot. The data is deciphered by the receiver and supplied to the microcontroller, which controls the DC motors to perform the required job. The goal of a Voice Controlled Robotic Vehicle is to complete a task by listening to the user's commands. For the user to operate the robot smoothly, a prior preparation session is required. A code is used to give instructions to the controller in the same way. The project "Voice Controlled Robotic Vehicle" has numerous uses both now and in the future. In the future, improvements can be added to the project to make it more effective. The project has a wide range of applications, including military, home security, rescue missions, industry, and medical support. Using the given resources, we were able to create a rudimentary model of a voice-controlled robotic car. Because this project is simple to implement, this robot is advantageous to human life. The Voice Control Robot is beneficial for monitoring and assisting disabled persons. It is simple to use because it operates with basic voice commands. It is effective in locations where humans are unable to reach. As a result, we can employ this robot to spy on people. It has the potential to be utilised for surveillance. For security purposes, we can incorporate a web cam into this robot. The voice recognition software is highly sensitive to background noise and has a high accuracy for identifying a voice command.

Secure Two-Party Computation Based on Fast Cut-and-Choose Bilateral Oblivious Transfer

In secure two-party computation, each party has its input and wants to jointly compute a function from which it obtains the output corresponding to its respective inputs. For achieving security against a malicious adversary, an effective approach is using cut-and-choose, which requires the circuit constructor P1 to construct S copies of the circuit C (C is used to compute the function F). The circuit evaluator P2 selects S∕2 circuits to open for the check. If these S∕2 circuits are correctly constructed, P2 assumes that the remaining S∕2 circuits are also correctly constructed and uses the remaining circuits to compute. However, this method introduces significant computational complexity and interactive rounds, mainly due to more circuits that must be used for security purposes and the need for multiple interactions to transmit the keys. In this paper, regarding the issue above, we present a novel secure two-party computation protocol, and it can achieve security against the malicious adversary. Concretely, we still use the idea of cut-and-choose but improve the cut-and-choose oblivious transfer (CCOT) of the usual secure two-party computation protocol into cut-and-choose bilateral oblivious transfer (CCBOT) and propose a variant of it that we call batch single-choice CCBOT, which makes our protocol only needs two rounds of interaction to complete the transmission of all keys and 28Sl of exponentiations. In addition, we use a check mechanism to prevent the case that p1 cheats, but P2 is powerless. Our proposed protocol with an error probability of 2–s of P1 significantly optimizes the communication rounds and computation overheads, solves the selective failure attack, and ensures the consistency of the input.

IMPACT OF HUMANITARIAN AID ON FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ZIMBABWE: THE CASE OF WARD 14 AND 15 OF BUHERA DISTRICT

The study was assessing the impact of humanitarian aid on food security in the rural communities in Zimbabwe. The Case of ward 14 and 15 of Buhera District. The study was conducted to assess how humanitarian aid contribute or address food access, availability and stability in Zimbabwe. Humanitarian aid is being used as a panacea to alleviate hunger to the food insecure communities. It examined whether the humanitarian aid given to the communities is being used for food security purposes or not. The research used a qualitative approach to explore the topic under study. Questionnaires, focus group discussion and interviews were used to gather data from the respondents. On sampling, purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from participants who were humanitarian aid beneficiaries, humanitarian aid workers and key informants from council. The major findings of the study revealed that the use of humanitarian aid in form of food alone to address food insecurity is just a pipedream. No humanitarian aid beneficiary confirms that he/she was food secure. Humanitarian aid is contributing to food access in the short term but in the long or medium term it is not. Though the use of humanitarian aid accompanied with developmental programs and resilient programs, the community and humanitarian aid workers admitted that it has potential in addressing food insecurity. The study also noted that there are challenges associated with using humanitarian aid to address food insecurity in rural communities. The challenges are emanating from the community's perceptions and some from the perceptions of the donors. To mention some of the challenges are dependency syndrome, corruption, social problems like conflicts, and no initiatives in the communities. Major recommendations are that humanitarian organizations should fund irrigation schemes to enhance food availability, they should be involved in capacity building, they should invest in research, monitoring and evaluating their projects so that they will bring the aid which is relevant to the place and time. They should come up with programs which are sustainable so that the humanitarian aid addresses food insecurity in rural communities.

Speckle-Based Optical Cryptosystem and its Application for Human Face Recognition via Deep Learning.

Face recognition has become ubiquitous for authentication or security purposes. Meanwhile, there are increasing concerns about the privacy of face images, which are sensitive biometric data and should be protected. Software‐based cryptosystems are widely adopted to encrypt face images, but the security level is limited by insufficient digital secret key length or computing power. Hardware‐based optical cryptosystems can generate enormously longer secret keys and enable encryption at light speed, but most reported optical methods, such as double random phase encryption, are less compatible with other systems due to system complexity. In this study, a plain yet highly efficient speckle‐based optical cryptosystem is proposed and implemented. A scattering ground glass is exploited to generate physical secret keys of 17.2 gigabit length and encrypt face images via seemingly random optical speckles at light speed. Face images can then be decrypted from random speckles by a well‐trained decryption neural network, such that face recognition can be realized with up to 98% accuracy. Furthermore, attack analyses are carried out to show the cryptosystem's security. Due to its high security, fast speed, and low cost, the speckle‐based optical cryptosystem is suitable for practical applications and can inspire other high‐security cryptosystems.

The Proteas Plucked for a Lotus Land: Ceylon’s Boer Internment Experience, 1900–1902

ABSTRACT This article explores Britain’s decision to intern over 5,000 captured Boer (Afrikaner) combatants on the island of Ceylon from 1900 to 1902 during the South African War. Using hitherto unanalysed source material, this manuscript resolves several unanswered questions regarding the experience of Boer internment in Ceylon itself and whether the internment experience matched Britain’s imperial expectations. Given the sheer number of captured Boers who refused to accept British sovereignty, Britain initially resolved to send these captives overseas to prevent the possibility of prisoners rejoining the Boer struggle. With the Boers originally sent abroad for security purposes, this manuscript examines how Britain moved from simply detaining the prisoners to formally rehabilitating and reeducating them as imperial citizens. The article argues that while internment in Ceylon did pacify the Boers, Britain nonetheless failed to convince the Boers to discount their culture and heritage in favour of a greater British imperial identity.

The Impact of Economic Development Indicators on Ensuring the Economic Security of an Individual

This research evaluated personal economic security as the most important component of national security. The purpose of evaluation personal economic security is to obtain characteristics of the quality and standards of living, as well as to identify trends in changes in the personal economic security in throughout Russia. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of personal economic security in Russia and Irkutsk region. The authors used such methods as the structural-­functional method, analysis, synthesis, and statistics: generalization, absolute and relative values, and dynamic series. The authors proposed and used a system of criteria for assessing economic security of an individual according to the most important indicators of the socio-economic development of the country and region. The analysis of indicators using method of E.I. Kuznetsova allowed us to determine the inconsistency of most of the indicators with their recommended values during the period under review, in particular, the level of social inequality, poverty, financial support for retirees, unemployment level, population growth, enrollment in vocational education. Considering identified negative trends, we found unsatisfactory level of personal economic security both in Russia and in the Irkutsk region. For the diagnostics of the level of personal economic security, we should prioritize the creation of benchmarks for the indicators used.

An optimized and efficient multiuser data sharing using the selection scheme design secure approach and federated learning in cloud environment

An optimized and efficient multiuser data sharing using the selection scheme design secure approach and federated learning in cloud environment

Communication in black spot using lora technology

The main theme of this paper is to develop an embedded based system to send messages from black spot area using LORA and GSM. Black spot is nothing but an area where we could not find any network signals. Even in cities also sometimes we may not have signals inside the room. Through such areas sending or calling is not possible. This black spot is used for security purposes. Military regiments are signal jammed areas where the communication is impossible, so the people there use this kind of communication. This project is also used in undercover operations where the communication takes place in this process. Here the project built is useful to create signals for sending messages in the black spot through the two different communication modules i.e., LORA and GSM. In the project work different frequencies for individual modules are likely to be used such as GSM (1800MHz) and LORA (2.4GHz). By using these two wireless communication devices we create communication link in between LORA and GSM by which a message will be sent in the form of SMS through the Bluetooth module.

Bank Transaction using Face Recognition

In this project we are going to develop a robust automated web application for transacting money in higher level security purpose with high facial recognition. We must first register our personal information using our faces and pass a liveness detection test. For rapid and accurate results, a Haar cascade-based technique was used. Simple face detection from the input image. The image of the face is then transformed to a grayscale image. The iris, eyebrows, nose, and mouth of candidates are then taken from the intensity valleys of the identified face and stored as datasets, allowing our system to determine who is approved and who is not While logging in, our faces will be identified, and if we are approved, we will be able to proceed to the authorised page; otherwise, our system will not allow usto log in. For higher security purpose we have used face recognition module. Our face will be identified throughout the transaction, and only the authorised account holder will be able to transact money; others will not be able to transact money.

Enhanced Lion Optimization with Efficient Path Routing Equalization Technique against DoS Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

In WSN, DoS (denial of service) attack makes shortcoming system. The packets travel over and over in the sensor network. By that, all the assets like data transmission, memory, and vitality are squandered by this attack. However, the attacker ought to optimize its attacker plan for request to boost the impact on the system performance because of the deficiency of vitality at the aggressor side. Denial of service (DoS) attack on the Internet has become a squeezing issue. By staying away from these sorts of attacks, network performance can be improved. Therefore, security is a fundamental requirement for these networks. Effective routing is necessary in order to overcome the issued faced by the crosslayer in the DOS attack of the WSN network for the purpose of good transmission. This research work mainly focuses on performance evaluation using optimization methods. To establish the efficient path in the crosslayer against DoS attack, this paper has proposed enhanced lion optimization with an efficient path routing equalization technique (LOEPRE). If any failure node occurs in the network, then the node is recognized and the transfer of the data packet is done to the other node. Retransmission of data causes overload in the network. The proposed model focuses on these issues and overcomes these issues by improving the path efficiently with robust security. It consists of three phases: the initial phase includes the route discovery in the network. In the second phase, the transfer of data is done in the high router path for security purposes. Finally, the efficient path routing equalization technique is used for minimizing the overload in the network; it provides the equalized path length in the network and is highly efficient. Hence, the proposed LOEPRE technique is used to achieve energy efficiency in wireless network for prolonged network lifetime and minimum packet latency and minimize consumption of energy. Moreover, the simulation outcome of the proposed LOEPRE method is highly robust while comparing to the existing methods EFCRS, SSPRA ELOER, EFLOR, and TSTP. It achieves better performance than existing algorithms in comparing metric connectivity ratio, end-to-end delay, overhead, throughput, and packet delivery ratio.

SERPENT CODE POINT KINETIC PARAMETERS ANALYSIS: A NEXUS FOR NIGERIA RESEARCH REACTOR – 1 CORE CONVERSION USING ENRICHED URANIUM DIOXIDE FUEL

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) requires that all test and research reactors operating on Higher Enriched Uranium (HEU) should be converted to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) for safety and security purposes. Nigeria having a Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) has been long interested in fuel technological research not just to develop the area but also to meet with resolution on the nuclear treaty set out by the global nuclear regulatory body. In this study, reactor kinetic parameters such as effective delayed neutron fractions, prompt neutron lifetime as well as mean neutron generation time were analysed for Nigerian Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1). Serpent Monte Carlo code 1.17 is used in the analysis. For delayed neutron parameters determination, we used fission probability iteration under one averaged generation time and neutron population rate.The calculated values for delayed neutron were recorded as analogue prompt and implicit prompt neutron lifetime, reproduction time and emission time are in the order of 3×10-7 (s), in agreement with the calculated data from the nuclear data libraries and some literature.The result for delay neutron fraction and other time-based parameters support the fuel core conversion for NIRR-1.The computational and pictorial results obtained from Serpent code simulation described well the transient behavior of the delayed neutron in this reactor.The analytical results also spelled out the relevance and compatibility of low enriched uranium dioxide fuel over higher enriched type.The result of this study conforms with other results obtained from similar reactors but with different Monte Carlo codes and with higher enriched uranium

A Steganography Embedding Method Based on CDF-DWT Technique for Reversible Data Hiding Application Using Elgamal Algorithm

Steganography is a data hiding method mainly used in the security purposes. While hiding more data in the embedding process the data may be lost and also cause some security problems. To avoid this problem a Steganography Embedding method is used. In this manuscript, Steganography Embedding method based on Cohen–Daubechies–Feauveau Discrete Wavelet Transform (CDF-DWT) technique to data hiding application using Elgamal algorithm is proposed. In this the cover image is taken for hiding the secret data. Then the cover image edges are detected and filtered with Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) method. Then the input secret data is encrypted with Elgamal algorithm. Then the secret data is hided under cover image for obtaining the stego image by process of Embedding using CDF DWT technique. In this data in the stego images are unreadable. To get readable secured data is extracted from the stego image and the data’s are decrypted to get secured secret data. The objective of this method is to safe guard the secret using Steganography method and to increase embedding efficiency, Embedding capacity and carrier capacity and to reduce the execution time. The MATLAB simulation results of the proposed CDF DWT technique with Elgamal algorithm portrays better outcomes such as Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) (lower), Bit Error Rate (BER) was Lower, Execution time provides is lower, Carrier Capacity and Embedding Capacity are much higher and the values are compared with the existing method such as Elliptic Galois in cryptography and in the Steganography method with Adaptive Firefly Algorithm (EGC-AFA), Reversible Data hiding within Encrypted images Via Adaptive Embedding Strategy with block selection (RDHEI-AES), Double Linear Regression Prediction based Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image (DLRP-RDHEI) respectively.

Information Hiding in Digital Textual Contents: Techniques and Current Challenges

Information hiding is the science of concealing a secret message or watermark inside a cover media (a host file/message) for providing various security purposes such as content authentication, integrity verification, covert communication, and so on.