Secure Wireless Communication Research Articles

Eavesdropping area for evaluating the security of wireless communications

Compared with wired communication, the wireless communication link is more vulnerable to be attacked or eavesdropped because of its broadcast nature. To prevent eavesdropping, many researches on transmission techniques or cryptographic methods are carried out. This paper proposes a new index parameter named as eavesdropping area, to evaluate the anti-eavesdropping performance of wireless system. Given the locations of legitimate transmitter and receiver, eavesdropping area index describes the total area of eavesdropping regions where messages can be wiretapped in the whole evaluating region. This paper gives detailed explanations about its concept and deduces mathematical formulas about performance curves based on region classification. Corresponding key system parameters are analyzed, including the characteristics of eavesdropping region, transmitted beam pattern, beam direction, receiver sensitivity, eavesdropping sensitivity, path loss exponent and so on. The proposed index can give an insight on the confirmation of high-risk eavesdropping region and formulating optimal transmitting scheme for the confidential communications to decrease the eavesdropping probability.

Experimentation framework for wireless communication systems under jamming scenarios

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrate control, sensing, and processing into interconnected physical components to support applications within transportation, energy, healthcare, environment, and various other areas. Secure and reliable wireless communication between devices is necessary to enable the widespread adoption of these emerging technologies. Cyber-physical systems devices must be protected against active threats, such as Radio Frequency (RF) Jammers, which intentionally disrupt communication links. Jamming detection and mitigation techniques must be evaluated extensively to validate algorithms prior to full implementation. Challenges related to obtaining zoning permits, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) pilot certification for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licencing lead to evaluation limited to simulation-based or simplistic, non-representative hardware experimentation. A site-specific ray-tracing emulation framework is presented to provide a realistic evaluation of communication devices under RF jamming attacks in complex scenarios involving mobility, vehicular, and UAV systems. System architecture and capabilities are provided for the devices under test, real-world jamming adversaries, channel modelling, and channel emulation. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the use of the framework for different applications and jamming threats. The experimental results illustrate the benefit of the ray-tracing emulation system for conducting complex wireless communication studies under the presence of RF jamming.

An Approach of Secret Sharing Technique Based on Convolution Neural Network and DNA Sequence for Data Security in Wireless Communication

An Approach of Secret Sharing Technique Based on Convolution Neural Network and DNA Sequence for Data Security in Wireless Communication

Modeling adaptive security-aware task allocation in mobile cloud computing

Security is one of the most important criteria in the management of cloud resources. In Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), secure allocation of tasks remains challenging due to the limited storage, battery life and computational power of mobile devices connected to the core cloud cluster infrastructure. Secure wireless communication channels and protocols for protecting the data and information sent to the cloud, and remote access to secure cloud services, are other important problems related to task scheduling and processing in dynamic MCC. In this paper, we developed a new security-aware task allocation model strategy in Mobile Cloud Computing. In this model, we define an allocation algorithm which generates an optimal and secure configuration of communication protocols in order to meet the specific data confidentiality requirements defined by end users. Resource utilization is predicted using Machine Learning methods, and the optimal secure service for task execution is selected. We developed a simulation environment (MocSecSim) for the evaluation of the algorithms proposed in several scenarios based on the users’ requirements. The results of simulations and experiments have demonstrated that the model proposed significantly improves the level of security of calculations in comparison with a configuration where processing time and energy consumption are the main criteria for optimizing task allocation.

Certificate-Based Signcryption Scheme for Securing Wireless Communication in Industrial Internet of Things

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) community is concerned about the security of wireless communications between interconnected industries and autonomous systems. Providing a cyber-security framework for the IIoT offers a thorough comprehension of the whole spectrum of securing interconnected industries, from the edge to the cloud. Several signcryption schemes based on either identity-based or certificateless configurations are available in the literature to address the IIoT’s security concerns. Due to the identity-based/certificateless nature of the available signcryption schemes, however, issues such as key escrow and partial private key distribution occur. To address these difficulties, we propose a Certificate-Based Signcryption (CBS) solution for IIoT in this article. Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystem (HECC), a light-weight version of Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC), was employed to construct the proposed scheme, which offers security and cost-efficiency. The HECC utilizes 80-bit keys with fewer parameters than the ECC and Bilinear Pairing (BP). The comparison of performance in terms of computation and communication costs reveals that the proposed scheme provides robust security with minimal communication and communication costs. Moreover, we used Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) to assess the security toughness, and the results show that the proposed scheme is secure.

An Efficient and Reliable Chaos-Based IoT Security Core for UDP/IP Wireless Communication

The ultimate focus of this paper is to provide a hyperchaos-based reconfigurable platform for the real-time securing of communicating embedded systems interconnected in networks according to the Internet of Things (IoT) standards. The proposed platform’s Register Transfer Level (RTL) architecture is entirely developed and designed from scratch using the VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL). The original idea consists of exploiting the nonlinearity of a discretized and optimized 4D Lorenz hyperchaotic system as an encryption keystream generator in a symmetric cryptosystem to secure wireless communicating embedded systems and adapted to the UDP/IP protocol. It was necessary to go through three essential steps to achieve this goal. First, a lightweight and energy-efficient hyperchaos-based encryption IP core is designed, implemented on an FPGA circuit and dedicated to IoT device security, denoted Hyperchaotic-based IoT Device Security Core (HC-IoT-DSC). The designed encryption IP core combines three subsystems: a multiple key size hyperchaotic key generator (HC-KG), a hyperchaotic synchronization by dynamic feedback modulation technique (HCS-DFM), and an online FIPS 140-2-based built-in self-security test (BISST) module. Second, a secure UDP/IP stack is totally implemented using the VHDL language. Third, the proposed architecture was integrated into real-world and real-time secure wireless communication at a distance of 2 km between two delocalized network nodes employing the Xilinx ML605 FPGA platform and the ZigBee E800-DTU module. A panoply of online/offline investigations and experiments were carried out intensely, deeply, and thoroughly to analyze, evaluate and validate the robustness and security aspects of the proposed scheme regarding all the aspects related to embedded system security. Notably, the evaluations were conducted in two phases for all the platform components before and after integrating the proposed security core in real-time wireless communication. The investigations and implementation findings validate that the proposed architecture can attain good performances, and confirm the feasibility of the adopted approach for IoT applications. Furthermore, the timing and power efficiency results present an excellent trade-off between design performance and high-security achievement.

SECURE DATA STORAGE IN CLOUD COMPUTING USING DECENTRALIZED CRYPTOGRAPHY

The world is moving around “Cloud Computing” due to the rapid advancement of research and innovation. The necessity of information sharing is gradually expanding over the cloud. One of the most serious concerns about the cloud is secure information sharing. To give the greatest assistance, A decentralized cryptography technique that offers secure wireless multicast communication is proposed here. The offered approach enables simultaneous access and information exchange through the internet using various key distribution centers. In this proposed technique, different reads and different composers are supported. The message's secrecy has been achieved. Agreement safe property is likewise upheld. Cloud-related security vulnerabilities are also investigated. In this proposed work, the distinctive key circulation and group of properties at various levels of the framework are decentralized. This framework just allows the approved clients to peruse, alter, erase, compose and access the information which is put away in the cloud.

Antenna Additively Manufactured Engineered Fingerprinting for Physical-Layer Security Enhancement for Wireless Communications

Physical layer security is increasingly being exploited as a technique to enhance the security of wireless communications. Well-known hardware security techniques leverage unintended manufacturing process variations or fixed unique hardware structures in the semiconductors for identification of different copies of an RF system. The fundamentally different concept of engineering a unique fingerprint for each antenna produced, by leveraging additive manufacturing, is presented in this work. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first application of the concept of radio frequency (RF) fingerprint engineering using additively manufactured (AM) antennas for hardware-based security mechanisms. AM engineered fingerprints (AMEF) are based on intentional features added to antenna’s geometries using 3D printing, enabling more accurate signal source identification and classification. Such unique features per unit produced would be prohibitively costly by using traditional photolithographic processes. The AMEF concept is validated using AM right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) truncated corner probe fed (TCPF) patch antennas and a testbed setup with software-defined radios and MATLAB implementations to create, transmit, receive, and prepare a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the transmitted raw I/Q data of Wi-Fi signals (IEEE 802.11). The AMEF technique greatly improves the physical layer security performance limitations in large-scale applications where the features of the devices can overlap, at a low-cost and low production time impact, and it allows the use of the antenna features for both individual and type classification and identification of RF sources.

Automatic selection of transmission frequencies using the method of formation of pseudo­random sequences

It is extremely important in many technological areas to provide stable wireless secure communication. A significant contribution to the final result is made by the shape of the transmitter antenna, and more precisely, the signal directional pattern of this antenna. For cases where a significant portion of the system requirements remain unknown, generally the best approach will be to follow universality. But, if the requirements for the final result are precisely defined, it is advisable to maximize efforts to achieve this or that final state. In this case, it will be more correct to choose the shape of the antenna depending on the final conditions, having previously weighed all the features of the available design solutions. The article examines and compares two types of antennas — omnidirectional and narrowly directional. Their strengths and weaknesses are described; situations in which they can be applied and get better results compared to analogues at the same transmitter power. selection of optimal parameters is carried out on the basis of predetermined information about the purpose and features of using the antenna on the transmitter. The considered information allows us to draw a conclusion about the advantage of narrowly directional antennas compared to omnidirectional ones in a situation where one of the main indicators is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Also, by changing such parameters as the angle width of a narrowly directional antenna, you can reduce the negative impact of the weaknesses of this type of transmitters. For example, a non-stationary object may accidentally leave the range of a stable radio signal from such an antenna, but the widening of the angle allows you to significantly reduce the probability of such a negative scenario.

The use of narrow­directed transmitters for propagination of signal betwen non­stationary objects

It is extremely important in many technological areas to provide stable wireless secure communication. A significant contribution to the final result is made by the shape of the transmitter antenna, and more precisely, the signal directional pattern of this antenna. For cases where a significant portion of the system requirements remain unknown, generally the best approach will be to follow universality. But, if the requirements for the final result are precisely defined, it is advisable to maximize efforts to achieve this or that final state. In this case, it will be more correct to choose the shape of the antenna depending on the final conditions, having previously weighed all the features of the available design solutions. The article examines and compares two types of antennas - omnidirectional and narrowly directional. Their strengths and weaknesses are described; situations in which they can be applied and get better results compared to analogues at the same transmitter power. selection of optimal parameters is carried out on the basis of predetermined information about the purpose and features of using the antenna on the transmitter. The considered information allows us to draw a conclusion about the advantage of narrowly directional antennas compared to omnidirectional ones in a situation where one of the main indicators is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Also, by changing such parameters as the angle width of a narrowly directional antenna, you can reduce the negative impact of the weaknesses of this type of transmitters. For example, a non-stationary object may accidentally leave the range of a stable radio signal from such an antenna, but the widening of the angle allows you to significantly reduce the probability of such a negative scenario.

Malware Detection Using Decision Tree Based SVM Classifier for IoT

The development in Information and Communication Technology has led to the evolution of new computing and communication environment. Technological revolution with Internet of Things (IoTs) has developed various applications in almost all domains from health care, education to entertainment with sensors and smart devices. One of the subsets of IoT is Internet of Medical things (IoMT) which connects medical devices, hardware and software applications through internet. IoMT enables secure wireless communication over the Internet to allow efficient analysis of medical data. With these smart advancements and exploitation of smart IoT devices in health care technology there increases threat and malware attacks during transmission of highly confidential medical data. This work proposes a scheme by integrating machine learning approach and block chain technology to detect malware during data transmission in IoMT. The proposed Machine Learning based Block Chain Technology malware detection scheme (MLBCT-Mdetect) is implemented in three steps namely: feature extraction, Classification and blockchain. Feature extraction is performed by calculating the weight of each feature and reduces the features with less weight. Support Vector Machine classifier is employed in the second step to classify the malware and benign nodes. Furthermore, third step uses blockchain to store details of the selected features which eventually improves the detection of malware with significant improvement in speed and accuracy. ML-BCT-Mdetect achieves higher accuracy with low false positive rate and higher True positive rate.

Cooperative Jamming Aided Securing Wireless Communications Without Csi of Eavesdroppers

Cooperative Jamming Aided Securing Wireless Communications Without Csi of Eavesdroppers

A Survey of Physical Layer Techniques for Secure Wireless Communications in Industry

The industrial environment poses strict requirements to the infrastructure of good and service production and delivery. Communications are not an exception. Wired systems currently dominate in factory premises for their robustness in complex and noisy propagation conditions. They also present ruggedness in front of malicious attackers aiming to bring the communication system down or take over the system under control. Unfortunately, wired systems have severe maintenance, scalability, and operational flexibility limitations. Wireless systems constitute a solution, but they show performance weaknesses in reliability and security. This paper analyzes the security challenges of radio-frequency wireless systems in industrial use cases and aligns different categorization efforts from various sources, focusing on the lower layers of the OSI model (PHY/MAC). The analysis includes a detailed taxonomy of attacks and PHY/MAC countermeasure techniques required to make security compatible with the system requirements of industrial applications. Among the different industrial applications, the focus of this work is directed towards Factory Automation. Finally, based on the wide range of existing attacks and techniques, we propose a methodology for dissecting attack scenarios and designing tailored protection techniques and architectures. A wide diversity of attack situations are described, and the corresponding countermeasures are discussed. Finally, we propose a methodology for dissecting attack scenarios and designing tailored protection techniques and architectures.

Energy-efficient and Secure Wireless Communication for Telemedicine in IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a radical shifting paradigm for technological innovations as it can play critical roles in cyberspace applications in various sectors, such as security, monitoring, medical, and environmental sectors, and also in control and industrial applications. The IoT in E-medicine unleashed the design space for new technologies to give instant treatment to patients while also monitoring and tracking health conditions. This research presents a system-level architecture approach for IoT energy efficiency and security. The proposed architecture includes functional components that provide privacy management and system security. Components in the security function group provide secure communications through Multi-Authority Ciphertext-Policy Attributes-Based Encryption (MA-CPABE). Because MA-CPABE is assigned to unlimited devices, presuming that the devices are reliable, the user encodes data with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and protects the ABE approach using the solutions of symmetric key. The Johnson’s algorithm with a new computation measure is used to increase network lifetime since an individual sensor node with limited energy represents the inevitable constraints for the broad usage of wireless sensor networks. The optimal route from a source to destination turns out as the cornerstone for longevity of network and its sustainability. To reduce the energy consumption of networks, the evaluation measures consider the node’s residual energy, the number of neighbors, their distance, and the link dependability. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed model increases network life by about 12.25% (27.73%) compared to Floyd–Warshall’s, Bellman–Ford’s, and Dijkstra’s algorithms, lowering consumption of energy by eliminating the necessity for re-routing the message as a result of connection failure.

Quantum-Inspired Secure Wireless Communication Protocol Under Spatial and Local Gaussian Noise Assumptions

Inspired by quantum key distribution, we consider wireless communication between Alice and Bob when the noise generated in the intermediate space between Alice and Bob is controlled by Eve. Our model divides the channel noise into two parts, the noise generated during the transmission and the noise generated in the detector. Eve is allowed to control the former, but is not allowed to do the latter. While the latter is assumed to be a Gaussian random variable, the former is not assumed to be a Gaussian random variable. In this situation, using backward reconciliation and random sampling, we propose a protocol to generate secure keys between Alice and Bob under the assumption that Eve’s detector has a Gaussian noise and Eve is not so close to Alice’s transmitting device. In our protocol, the security criteria are quantitatively guaranteed even with finite block-length code based on the evaluation of error of the estimation of the channel.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ КРИТЕРИЯ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ДВОИЧНЫХ БАРКЕРОПОДОБНЫХ КОДОВ

The objective of this article is to construct a criterion for evaluating the quality of binary Barker-like codes. The analysis of well-known studies on the formation of these codes with properties close to binary Barker codes is carried out. The analysis showed that in the works devoted to the use of well-known binary Barker-like codes in secure wireless communication systems and the formation of such codes, researchers primarily pay attention to such quality assessment indicators as the autocorrelation function, the length and number of such codes, and others. Based on the analysis of works [5, 9-25], the initial tuple of quality assessment of binary Barker-like codes is formulated, represented by the expression (1). However, the original tuple (1) lacks such an important quality assessment indicator as the linear complexity assessment, which is often taken as one of the primary indicators of crypto resistance. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to increase the accuracy of the evaluation of binary Barker-like codes by applying the identified criterion. The authors of the article, using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, evaluated the linear complexity of binary Barker-like codes presented in [9-23]. It has been established that a sufficiently large number of such codes (from 24% to 75%) have insufficient linear complexity, that is, they are non-cryptographic. As a result, they cannot be used in secure wireless communication systems. The result obtained is consistent with other studies in this field. Proceeding from this, when using well-known binary Barker-like codes in secure wireless communication systems, as well as when forming new binary Barker-like codes, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the known quality assessment indicators, but also to their linear complexity. The authors have modified the original tuple represented by expression (1). The modified tuple is represented by expression (2). According to the authors, the modified quality assessment criterion will improve the accuracy of the evaluation of binary Barker-like codes.

LED-to-LED wireless communication between divers

<p class="Abstract">For military divers, having a robust, secure, and undetectable wireless communication system available is a fundamental element. Wireless intercoms using acoustic waves are currently used. These systems, even if reliable, have the defect of being easily identifiable and detectable. Visible light can pass through sea water. Therefore, light can be used to develop short-range wireless communication systems. To realize secure close-range underwater wireless communication, the Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) can be a valid alternative to acoustic wireless communication. UOWC is not a new idea, but the problem of the presence of sunlight and the possibility of using near-ultraviolet radiation (near-UV) has not been adequately addressed in the literature yet. In military applications, the possibility of using invisible optical radiation can be of great interest. In this paper, a feasibility study is carried out to demonstrate that UOWC can be performed using near-ultraviolet radiation. The proposed system can be useful for wireless voice communications between military divers as well as amateur divers.</p>

Challenges in security and privacy in wireless communications

This Research Review Paper highlights some of the main concepts of Wireless Communication including Network Security, Privacy, and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). In equal manner, it illustrates the organizational importance to establish more effective policies to counterattack and prevent cyber-attacks and reduce cyber threats. Therefore, avoiding the financial cost occasioned by hackers and the physical harm that could be cause to an individual by the sensitive data shared via technological devices to the internet without permission.

Directional modulation with distributed receiver selection for secure wireless communications

Directional modulation with distributed receiver selection for secure wireless communications

A Stateless Spatial IPv6 Address Configuration Scheme for Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is going to create a heterogeneous network of billions or trillions of connected things with self-aware, self-configuration capabilities that will exchange data with each other. This heterogeneous IoT network requires standard protocols, secure and energy-efficient wireless communication, and the allocation of unique identities such as IPv6 addresses. One of the key challenges in such a heterogeneous network is the maintenance of device location and unique identity to ensure the smooth functioning of location-aware applications. Hence, this paper presents a stateless spatiotemporal IPv6 addressing scheme called four-dimensional IP addressing (FDIPA). It is founded on the idea that two objects can not be in the same place at the same time. It uses the time and location information of the device to generate the target IPv6 address and assigns it to the device after verifying its uniqueness with the duplicate address detection (DAD) protocol. It not only maintains spatial and temporal information but also guarantees a unique identity for a large-sized network. Analytically, it is proved that FDIPA will always generate a unique identity if there is no technological limitation. However, the performance of FDIPA is evaluated based on metrics such as Assignment Success Rate (ASR), communication overhead, and total energy consumption in the assignment of a unique IPv6 address. The experimental results show that FDIPA achieves good ASR while keeping low energy consumption and less overhead in the network.