Security Of Ukraine Research Articles

Legal basis for the use of biotechnology in agriculture to ensure food security of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of legal support for food security in Ukraine, analysis of legislative innovations in the field of biotechnology as a way to improve food security and development of recommendations for improving the legal regulation of these relations. The analysis of the regulatory acts governing relations in the field of food security allowed the authors to draw conclusions about the formation of updated legislation during the period of martial law in Ukraine. The main features of legal provision of the relevant relations are as follows: the absence of a single comprehensive regulatory act which would consolidate the principles of ensuring food security of Ukraine; fragmentation of measures to ensure food security (concentration on the regulation of land relations, implementation of individual measures to support agricultural producers). The authors propose to develop the conceptual framework for food security of Ukraine with its objectification at the level of a separate law, to take into account food security measures in the formation of Ukraine’s recovery plans and to establish international cooperation. The authors characterize the updated legislation providing for genetic engineering activities and state control over the placement of genetically modified organisms and products on the market. Positive innovations are highlighted. It is established that the problem of dispersion of functions of management and control over compliance with genetically modified organisms (“GMO”) legislation among numerous entities remains unresolved.

Інтегральне оцінювання стану соціальної сфери економічної безпеки України

The main purpose of this article is to assess the actual state of social security in Ukraine and construct an integral indicator based on the proposed methodology and compare it with the methodology used by the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine. To adequately assess the dynamics and state of social security of the state, an analysis of data for an eleven-year period (2010-2020) was carried out, which confirms the reliability of the research obtained. Effective management of social security is possible thanks to an effective public administration system. The proposed methodology provides opportunities for effective government management of social security based on the use of an integral index.

ЗОВНІШНІЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ БОРГ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article is devoted to the assessment and analysis of the dynamics of external public debt and key indicators of external debt security of Ukraine for 2009 – July 2023. During the war, Ukraine is at a critical juncture where it must balance the imperative of post-conflict reconstruction with the need to manage external debt to ensure economic sustainability. The multifaceted nature of this challenge requires an integrated approach that encompasses policy coordination, diplomatic engagement, and in-depth economic analysis. The key emphasis in this study is on the analysis of the external public debt of Ukraine, in the context of the challenges caused by the war, highlighting the relationship between economic strategies and the needs of post-war reconstruction. The analysis of key indicators of external debt security proved a critical level of external debt burden. Based on the constructed Laffer curve, the threshold value of the ratio of external public debt to GDP is determined. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the assessment and analysis of external public debt and key indicators of Ukraine's external debt security, for the development of an effective external public debt management system and the transformation of public borrowing into a tool for post-war and post-war recovery of the country. The following scientific methods were used to achieve the goals of the scientific research: analysis and generalization – to study the current state of external debt security in Ukraine; comparison and compilation - for the analysis of the system of external debt security indicators; statistical analysis – to study the dynamics of debt security indicators and calculate an integral index based on them. Based on the analyzed dynamics of the external public debt, a conclusion was made about the "critical" debt load with peak values in 2014 (military conflict in certain territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions), in 2020–2021 (overcoming the negative consequences of the global Covid-19 pandemic) and in 2022–2023 (military aggression of Russia from the beginning of 2022). To determine the threshold value of the indicator of the ratio of public debt to GDP, the construction of the Laffer debt curve is proposed. On the basis of retrospective analysis and modern challenges, key possible ways of improving approaches to the management of Ukraine's external public debt in the conditions of martial law are determined.

To the question of the functioning of the economic mechanism of public administration of food security in Ukraine

To the question of the functioning of the economic mechanism of public administration of food security in Ukraine

Food security in times of war: problems and ways of ensuring it in Ukraine

The peculiarities of the manifestation of the food crisis in Ukraine in times of war are investigated and the foreign experience and the experience of international organizations and political institutions in overcoming it are analyzed. The analysis is based on the concept of food security developed by the UN, which defines it as sustainable physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. It also uses the comprehensive approach with four pillars of food security: food availability, access, utilization, and stability. In the context of the study of food security in Ukraine, two areas for analysis are identified: a decrease in the availability of food for the population and a violation of nutritional stability; a decrease in the economic access of the population to food and essential goods. The article focuses on the issue of economic access to food for vulnerable groups of the population (including internally displaced persons and people living near the demarcation line, and in the occupied and liberated territories), compares the incomes of households of internally displaced persons in Ukraine at different moments since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of russia in February 2022, and presents the results of the assessment of the population's food needs in Ukraine. The prevalence of food insecurity and the ongoing fight against it at the international level have made it possible to develop clear mechanisms to overcome it. Based on numerous studies and taking into account the experience of countries where the food crisis was caused by natural disasters or the impact of climate factors and states whose territories became the arena of military conflicts, in the context of finding ways to overcome the food crisis, the author examines the comprehensive approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to achieving food security in crisis conditions, which combines two areas: Sustainable development of rural areas and stimulation of agriculture; development and implementation of targeted programs to provide direct access to food for vulnerable groups. The areas of the comprehensive approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations are defined as complementary and aimed at reinforcing each other's positive results. Moreover, the article analyzes the European Union's approach to rural development in the Common Agricultural Policy, which provides for the definition of two equally important directions: support and stimulation of the agricultural sector; strengthening the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of rural areas in the context of overcoming the risks inherent in this type of territory.

Preventive detective activity as a way of ensuring criminological security in Ukraine

Preventive detective activity as a way of ensuring criminological security in Ukraine

State-legal mechanism of information security in Ukraine in the context of Russian aggression

State-legal mechanism of information security in Ukraine in the context of Russian aggression

ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ЯК СКЛАДОВА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Economic security was and remains a key component of national security. The state of economic security of the state plays a key role in ensuring economic sovereignty and national security, stability and sustainable development of society. Today, the analysis of this concept is more relevant than ever before. The scientific article identifies the challenges that led to a new impetus to the study of the concept of economic security. The definition of national security according to the current legislation of Ukraine was studied, as well as the approaches of scientists to the identification of the category of economic security were analyzed. The individuality of the system of ensuring economic security for each country was established, and the commonality of the functional components of all systems was determined: financial, intellectual, personnel, technical, technological, foreign economic, energy, political and legal, investment and innovation, environmental, information and communication. Views on the definition of economic security from the point of view of the International Committee of the Red Christ are offered. It was determined that economic risks are growing faster than the mechanisms for their elimination are being developed. The dependencies that arose as a result of the pandemic of the corona virus infection Covid-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine were studied. The impact on the functional components of the economic security of events in Ukraine is determined. The trends of changes in economic security under the influence of external and internal factors, which are not directly related to the war, are analyzed. The results of a study conducted by the National Institute of Strategic Studies regarding the percentage impact of threats and challenges to economic security from its various functional components are presented. Existing shortcomings from the side of legal regulation of economic security are analyzed. The problems that stand in the way of building a sustainable system of economic security in Ukraine are identified, as well as further prospects for its strengthening are outlined, taking into account the trends revealed by the full-scale war

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ НАПРЯМКІВ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ЩОДО ДІЙ ПРИКОРДОННОГО ЗАГОНУ ПІД ЧАС ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ У КРИЗОВИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ ВОЄННОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ

On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched a full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine, resulting in a fundamental change in Ukraine's security environment. The Armed Forces of Ukraine, together with other military formations and law enforcement agencies, began a complex of measures to ensure the containment of armed aggression against Ukraine and its prevention, as well as the protection of the country's airspace and underwater space within the territorial waters of Ukraine. In conjunction with the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other security and defense sector forces, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine is also involved in measures to contain armed aggression against Ukraine. The article proposes a definition of the concept of a crisis situation of a military nature, classifies and provides a detailed description of possible crisis situations of a military nature at the state border, conducts a comparative analysis of crisis situations and crisis situations of a military nature. The role and place of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in performing tasks in conditions of crisis situations of a military nature are outlined.

Ukraine’s security and Pakistan’s security: mechanisms to overcome threats

The sphere of security plays an important role in the domestic and foreign policy of states. In this regard, the object of the study were security threats that determine stability in Ukraine and Pakistan. The authors used the method of comparative analysis to draw parallels between the security of Ukraine and Pakistan and identify possible ways to improve it. It is concluded that, both Ukraine and Pakistan are quite geopolitically distant, have different histories and state-building processes, but are affected by traditional and "non-traditional" security threats. Definitely, the main unifying factor for the states is the antagonistic or "enemy" state - India for Pakistan and Russia for Ukraine, which becomes a catalyst for the formation of national identity and unity of society. The conflicts in Pakistan (Kashmir, Baluchistan and Pashtunistan) and Ukraine (war in Donbass, illegal annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) have had common consequences and mechanisms for overcoming them, which are implemented in the context of the internal and state policy of both Kiev and Islamabad.

Criteria and model of choosing a surveillance equipment

Problem. The relevance of the work is to increase the efficiency of security in Ukraine based on the development of computer technology for the selection of surveillance equipment for the enterprise, which will improve the quality of camera selection and increase productivity in security sphere. Goal. The aim is development of computer technology for video surveillance systems, which will reduce the cost and time required to choose a video camera by developing mathematical models for choosing video cameras. The object of research is the process of selecting the elements of the video surveillance system. The subject of research is the model of selection of elements of the video surveillance system. Methodology. This work gives the analysis of the development of surveillance systems in Ukraine, theoretical material on video cameras, substantiates the criteria for the selection of cameras, develops mathematical model for the selection of surveillance equipment. Results. The developed criteria and mathematical model of an video camera selection allow making scientifically substantiated decisions on the acquisition of a camera by an enterprise according to many criteria. This will reduce the time and cost of making a decision. Originality. Further development of making decision methods was made according to many criteria and the mathematical model of the surveillance equipment selection was developed. Practical value. The proposed mathematical model will allow the development of computer technology for the selection of video cameras for the enterprise. This will reduce the time and money to choose surveillance equipment.

TRAINING OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY MASTERS: ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

The article deals with the peculiarities of educational program of the second (master’s) level of higher education in specialty 256 “National security (by certain activities and areas of security)” and working curriculum “English for Specific Purposes”. The structure of educational program and working curriculum was investigated. The purpose of the educational program is to ensure the training of highly qualified masters of national security of strategic level of higher military education, able to effectively manage the activities of the central executive body and its territorial bodies, to implement state policy in border activities (security of Ukraine’s state border and protection of Ukraine’s sovereign rights) in its exclusive (maritime) economic zone). Issues of the further training, teaching and training, assessment, program competences (integral competence, general competencies and professional competencies), program learning outcomes, the list of the education program components (mandatory and selective) were studied. We investigated the working curriculum “English for Specific Purposes” that lasts 2 years based on the first (Bachelor’s) level of higher education. The main task of the academic discipline is to prepare students for foreign language communication in English in the field of cross-border activities. Within the scope of the course, specialist training is carried out by imparting knowledge, developing skills and forming practical skills necessary for the performance of duties in operational-strategic level positions. Upon the completion of educational program officers take complex operational-strategic task and exam. The complex operational-strategic task is aimed at learning of the main terms used in the design of graphic documents in the armies of the NATO countries. The task of exam is to determine the level of mastering the students of foreign language communicative competence, as well as skills of translating texts on professional topics; to determine the level of knowledge of lexical material, the formation of skills and development of students’ skills in the scope of the curriculum; to obtain information to optimize the educational work of the students and to improve the methodology of training. The discipline knowledge is examined in the form of a test task and a written translation of the text of professional orientation.

Decent level of persons’ social security in Ukraine: problems of legislative conceptual apparatus

The article concerns research of problematic issues of conceptual apparatus of the legislation of Ukraine on state social standards and social guarantees in the context of the effectiveness of the realization of the person's right to a decent level of social security. The author reveals the meaning of such notions as: state social standards; social norms; social guarantees; the main state social guarantees; other state social guarantees; social guarantees of support on the basis of the analysis of the constitutional norms, current legislation of Ukraine and practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The author justifies the necessity to reform legislation that regulates establishment and application of state social guarantees in Ukraine by using formal-logical and comparative methods for clarifying the consistency of legal norms. The problem of the insurance of ensuring the uniformity of the content and scope of the concept of "social guarantees", as well as correlated legislative concepts is emphasized in the article. Researching of the targeted use of state social guarantees in the mechanism of realizing the person's right to decent living conditions, contributed to the conclusion of the need to consolidate the definition of "the main source of human existence" in the Law of Ukraine "On State Social Standards and State Social Guarantees". The author clarifies that the notion “social benefits”, which is used in the laws of Ukraine, acts of the body of constitutional jurisdiction, by-laws, reports of ministries, is different in essence and content. Current national legislation does not contain unified definition and the list of “social benefits”. This has a negative impact on the mechanism of ensuring decent living conditions of a person by means of social protection. The author emphasizes that the definition “vulnerable categories of people” refers to those persons who are in difficult life circumstances and have the right to social services, and therefore cannot be used, especially in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, to denote all subjects of the right to social security.

The security of Ukraine in the context of information warfare in cyberspace carried out by the Russian Federation

In the public discourse on issues of international security in the context of threats created by the Russian Federation, such threats are determined primarily by actions below the threshold of “war” (of a hybrid nature) and are made using non-military means, e.g. in relation to cyberspace. Actions of this nature are carried out by the aggressor’s special services or groups of hackers and activists associated with them whose aim is to paralyse the functioning of the attacked state (its administration, critical infrastructure). Such activities are multilateral; activity is undertaken in many fields (social media, provocative events, establishing pro-Russian organizations, creating information portals) and is still escalating. The purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, is to identify the activities and assess the impact of Russian information warfare conducted by the Russian Federation in cyberspace in 2014 and 2022 on the security of Ukraine. The research used general-methodological research methods – primarily, analysis and critique of literature. The case study method was used to identify specific examples of information warfare used by the Russian Federation against selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Keywords: security, information warfare, cyberspace, Ukraine, Russian Federation Streszczenie: W dyskursie publicznym zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego w kontekście zagrożeń kreowanych przez Federację Rosyjską determinowane są przede wszystkim przez akcje z użyciem działań poniżej progu wojny (o charakterze hybrydowym) za pomocą środków niemilitarnych, m.in. w odniesieniu do cyberprzestrzeni. Działania o takim charakterze prowadzone są przez służby specjalne agresora lub powiązane z nimi grupy hakerów oraz aktywistów, których celem jest paraliżowanie funkcjonowania państwa atakowanego (jego administracji, infrastruktury krytycznej).

CRIMINOLOGICAL PROVISION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence of criminological protection of public relations; to differentiate the areas of criminological protection of economic security; to provide proposals for improving criminological science with regard to the protection of public relations in the economic sphere. The scientific discussion on the problem of improving the mechanism of criminological provision of economic security in Ukraine is presented. The author's vision of the essence and content of criminological protection is formulated. Due attention is focused on the institutional provision of economic security protection, which is represented in the totality of activities of regulatory institutions, which is implemented through the performance of specific functions in the economic sphere. The organizational and managerial sphere of criminological protection of economic security is characterized. Its activity is aimed at creating a mechanism for counteracting and protecting the economy from criminal manifestations, which includes a set of measures aimed at timely impact on criminogenic threats and risks in the economy. A number of problematic aspects that hinder the development of the Ukrainian economy are identified: 1) lack of an established system of protection of information activity, which, as a result, can potentially destabilize the economic sphere; 2) absence of specific measures and means of criminological influence on economic criminal unlawful activity; 3) low level of protection against criminal offenses in the sphere of economy committed with the help of computer technologies; 4) lack of a unified approach to the strategy of prevention of economic criminal offenses. Results. The definition of criminological protection is proposed. It is established that the criminological provision of economic security should be aimed primarily at eliminating general social determinants, such as increasing the investment attractiveness of the national economy, improving tax culture, simplifying customs procedures, forecasting market conditions, globalization of stock markets, etc. It is proved that the improvement of criminological provision of economic security can be realized through the following: development of the information system in terms of creating a single unified platform for monitoring the economic situation in the country and forecasting potential risks; improvement of coordination of activities of economic security and criminal protection entities in terms of reducing competition and conflict of interest; increasing the level of international and European cooperation in terms of criminological protection and ensuring economic security; synchronization of national and foreign criminological policy in terms of ensuring economic security.

GENESIS OF THE STATE MANAGEMENT OF BUDGET SECURITY

The article examines the issues of the historical development of state management of budget security. Based on the elaboration of numerous historical, specialized scientific and legal sources, it was established: indirect references to the actual origin of state management of budget security, the lack of a systematic approach to the formation of the indicated scientific and practical direction and its gradual development through the development of the provisions of state finances, state administration and state safety The periodization of the development of state management of budget security is proposed, which includes the following stages: initial-preliminary (VII century BC - 1989), establishment-development (1990 to the present). The presented periodization not only provides an idea of the stages of origin and formation of state management of budget security in Ukraine, but also, focusing on the lack of system and discontinuity of the latter, once again confirms the need for fundamental research in this area. Further study of the historical conditions of the functioning of the scientific and practical direction "state management of budget security" will make it possible to forecast further ways and prospects of its development in the conditions of a changing environment. Key words: state administration, budget security, state finances, state security.

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE’S SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

The article reports on the results of a strategic analysis of Ukraine's security environment based on a SWOT analysis. The focus is on the security environment as of the eve of the large-scale war launched by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in February 2022 as well as the changes it has undergone since then. The author prognosticates trends in the development of Ukraine's security environment in the post-war period based on the identified sources of the main threats to the national security of Ukraine, as well as vulnerabilities, advantages and opportunities for the development of the state and society in the new conditions. It is also predicted that sources of the main threats to the national security of Ukraine in the post-war period will undergo transformation. The author argues that a timely identification of existing and projected threats to national security, vulnerabilities, strengths of the state and society, and their opportunities to further protect national interests in the conditions of a certain security situation, when coupled with an account of trends in the development of the security environment, provide a foundation for determining the strategic goals and priorities of state policy in the area of national security. The research results give grounds to conclude that the main strategic goal for Ukraine in the area of national security is the development of sufficient domestic capabilities as a basis for ensuring its own security and resilience. The important vectors of state policy for ensuring the national security of Ukraine in the post-war period will include strengthening its defense capability, increasing the level of readiness to crises response, obtaining external security guarantees outside NATO, developing bilateral relations with strategic partners, restoring the economic and human development of Ukraine, and improving the efficiency of public administration.

Analytical assurance of food safety: a retrospective analysis

The article assesses the state of food security based on the approval of the project Methodology for determining the main indicators of food security, developed by experts of the Institutional and Policy Reform for Smallholder Agriculture (IPRSA) Project and taking into account the Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine" No. 1877-IV dated June 24, 2004 (with changes). The assessment takes into account the possibility of meeting the nutritional needs of its population, the availability of food, considering the annual prices for certain types of food, the level of food losses, the availability of resources for agricultural production, in particular, the seed material of the main crops. The reasons for the decrease in the capacity of food markets and the passive dynamics of food production are substantiated. It is proposed to shift the emphasis from a retrospective analysis of food security to an operational one, to form an information base on the analysis of threats to food security and its actual state, prompt response to the replenishment of physical food stocks as a monitoring base. The criteria for assigning business entities to the list of producers of food products for the purpose of making decisions on food safety are substantiated. It is proposed to form a wider range of food products, to increase the balance of the diet, to create conditions for the competitive development of the domestic food industry, to ensure the effective development of interstate agreements in the trade of food products, which is important for the export of products from Ukraine. The system of monitoring indicators of food security in Ukraine should take into account the indicators of the mandatory monitoring system as a component of economic security, the indicators of monitoring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 1 Alleviation of poverty, Goal 2 Alleviation of hunger), which are monitored by the Government of Ukraine. Keywords: food safety, food safety indicators, operational monitoring, food products.

Strategic security of the enterprise: approaches, features, mechanism, and problems of provision

In today's world, under the current geopolitical situation and current trends in the development of the world economy, the ability to ensure their own strategic security is the most important condition for the survival of enterprises. The purpose of the study is to formulate the specifics of «strategic security» and develop the mechanism of strategic security of the enterprise under the conditions of the developing economic crisis. The work presents the author's definition of the concept of «strategic security» and highlights its features. Based on the studied models, the main stages of the strategic security mechanism of the enterprise are formulated and their characteristics are provided. The range of problems of the mechanism implementation within the strategy or strategic plan of the company is determined. The focus is on the security environment since the beginning of the large-scale war started by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in February 2022 as well as the changes it has undergone since then. The author prognosticates trends in the development of Ukraine's security environment in the post-war period based on the identified sources of the main threats to the national security of Ukraine, as well as vulnerabilities, advantages, and opportunities for the development of the state and society in the new conditions. It is also predicted that sources of the main threats to the national security of Ukraine in the post-war period will undergo transformation. The author claims that a timely identification of existing and projected threats to national security, vulnerabilities, strengths of the state and society, and their opportunities to further protect national interests in the conditions of a certain security situation, when along with an account of trends in the development of the security environment, provide a foundation for determining the strategic goals and priorities of state policy in national security. The research results give grounds to conclude that the main strategic goal for Ukraine in national security is the development of sufficient domestic capabilities as a basis for ensuring its own security and resilience. Keywords: national security, national resilience, risks, threats, vulnerabilities, state policy, hybrid aggression, war.

Ukraine's triple emergency: Food crisis amid conflicts and COVID-19 pandemic.

Globally, both Russia and Ukraine play a key role in food production. Both countries are known for their meticulous positions in producing and exporting wheat, maize, sunflower seed oil, and cotton seed oil. Although the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been going on for more than 5 years, the recent invasion of Russia in Ukraine has endangered food security in Ukraine during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As COVID‐19 cripples the healthcare infrastructure of Ukraine, food insecurity challenges the civilian population to migration. As the conflict intensitifes, damages to properties, loss of lives, rise of infectious diseases, incremental rise in energy prices, and fuel consumption are some of the possible consequences. This commentary aims to highlight the different ways in which access to food has been endangered, the implications that food crisis has on the world, and thus provide key recommendations on what needs to be addressed to mitigate the rising risks of the food crisis in the world.