Transportation Security Research Articles

CoStricTor: Collaborative HTTP Strict Transport Security in Tor Browser

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a widely-deployed security feature in modern web browsing. It is also, however, a potential vector for user tracking and surveillance. Tor Browser, a web browser primarily concerned with online anonymity, disables HSTS as a result of this tracking potential. We present the CoStricTor protocol which crowdsources HSTS data among Tor Browser clients. It gives Tor Browser users increased resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks without exposing them to HSTS tracking. Our protocol adapts other privacy-preserving data aggregation algorithms to share data effectively among users with strong local differential privacy guarantees. The CoStricTor protocol resists denial of service attacks by design through our innovative use of Bloom filters to represent complementary data. Our simulations show our protocol can model up to 150,000 websites, providing 10,000 upgrades to HSTS for users.

Ensuring transport security during cargo transportation

Road transport is one of the most widespread and popular in the field of cargo transportation services. Even in the case of using rail, air or sea transport, trucks deliver cargo from a train station, airfield or port to the final destination. Well, in the case of local transportation, trucks are the only way to transport objects from one point to another. This article discusses the analysis of the KAMAZ-55102 dump truck, namely the graphoanalytic calculation of determining the characteristics of the car: the total estimated acceleration time and the total estimated path.

Legal Regulation of Personal Search, Seizure of Things and Documents as Measures of Administrative and Procedural Coercion

Personal search, seizure of things and documents are quite common measures of administrative and procedural influence, their purpose is to detect objects, substances, documents that are tools or means of committing an administrative offense. In other words, the appropriate measures of procedural influence are aimed at obtaining and securing evidence in the case of an administrative offense, and ultimately these measures contribute to improving the effectiveness of the execution of the decisions made in the case. In the course of the study, the author analyzed such a category as "personal inspection", assessed the legal regulation of this procedural event, drew attention to the need to improve the quality of both the organization of personal inspection, its procedural registration, as well as the need to respect the rights of the person in respect of whom personal inspection is carried out. The author shows the relationship of personal search with such procedural actions as the seizure of things and documents, as well as the relationship with delivery and administrative detention. The author cites various points of view regarding such a procedural action as "personal inspection", notes that personal inspection can also have a preventive function, this function of inspection is necessary in ensuring transport security, in countering the movement of things across the customs border. Personal search, as well as the seizure of things and documents, occupies an important place among the means of obtaining evidence in the proceedings on administrative offenses, and therefore, in order for the evidence to meet the requirement of admissibility, all necessary procedural requirements must be met during personal search. A personal search is a measure of procedural coercion, rather delicate, in this regard, actions that can humiliate a person are unacceptable during a personal search, the implementation of a personal search must be properly recorded.

복합문화공간의 입지 결정 요인과 평가모형 연구

(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Since complex cultural space development projects involve long-term decision-making with considerable time and large-scale capital investment and involve a lot of time and budget from basic design to construction and completion, efforts to minimize risk in the long run are very important. In relation to the location factors of complex cultural spaces, there is a need for an analytical and rational study that can satisfy the formation of local urban culture and economic factors. Accordingly, this study was conducted to understand the importance of the location determinants of complex cultural spaces and to suggest evaluation factors accordingly. (2) RESEARCH METHOD The evaluation items for the location determinants of the complex cultural space were selected through FGI, focusing on experts, and AHP analysis was conducted on the selected evaluation items as a structured secondary questionnaire in a pairwise comparison method for administrative and practical experts. To verify the evaluation model, the accuracy of the evaluation criteria was verified by comparing the evaluation model using the business performance evaluation model distribution table, focusing on the importance of the evaluation items calculated through AHP analysis. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS As a result of evaluating each item of the four regional complex cultural spaces based on the overall importance of AHP, the highest scores were found in the order of Seoul, Gwangju, In the Seoul Metropolitan area, which was evaluated as the highest score, the public interest of social factors was the highest, followed by the convenience of public transportation of environmental factors in Gwangju. 2. RESULTS The fact that the convenience of public transportation, an environmental factor, was analyzed as the highest score in the location determination factor of the complex cultural space means that the complex cultural space should be located in the city center and secure transportation convenience, and that it should play a role in balanced regional development and urban economic development by expanding access opportunities for the public and art.

Analysis of Components of Success of Close Protection Team Members in Public and Private Security

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis importance of the components of the success of the members of the teams for the close protection of VIP persons in public and private security. For the purposes of this work, an expert analysis was carried out, in which 24 experts from the field of close protection from the region and Europe participated who were the members of the team for close protection of VIP persons for at least 5 years, working in all positions. Evaluated are the necessary components of the team's success for the close protection of VIP persons working at a medium threat level in accordance with the model mostly used in the region and Europe. The mentioned model includes a minimum of two vehicles during the security transport of VIP persons by motor vehicles and an average number of agents. The results of this research, after analyzing special anthropological characteristics, indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the value of certain factors. The results of this research are of crucial importance for the planning and implementation of specialist training as well as the formation of teams that work at an intermediate level of threat, taking into account the individualities and characteristics of the members of the mentioned team.

Ensuring the economic security of the port shunting operator based on the growth of the investment potential of the activity

Background: in the conditions of the new geo-economy, the activity of companies -shunting operators of the port, becomes the most important process of the emerging transport and logistics supply chains. Despite the sanctions restrictions on the export and import of a significant range of goods, restrictions on sea transportation by the Russian fleet, lack of cargo insurance and other negative factors, Russian seaports are operating with maximum load. The economic security of the country's transport and logistics system is significantly determined by the efficiency and competitiveness of the activities of port operators. Analytical data on processed goods flows for the period from 2022 to the present and the forecast of the volumes of goods that will be announced for transportation in the next few years indicate an increase in the need for capacities capable of handling cargo in seaports quickly and at an optimal price.
 Aim: to ensure the economic security of the shunting operator delivering cargo to seaports, based on the growth of the investment potential of the activity.
 Methods: the methodology of the study is based on the analysis of the activities of JSC "POOL Trans" – an organization that provides effective maneuvering work in the MP «Ust-Luga» and uninterrupted handling of cargo traffic at the junction «Railway – Port – Sea», using the main provisions of the rating methods. The information base of the study is based on reports and the regulatory framework of JSC "POOL-Trans".
 Results: a system of indicators of investment potential assessment factors was determined with testing on the example of the activities of JSC "POOL Trans", a rating method was applied and tested in addition to the assessment of investment potential, key parameters of investment potential assessment and their compliance with the level of economic security were established.
 Conclusion: the study confirms that the change in geo-economics and geopolitics has expanded the understanding of economic security, supplementing it with elements of ensuring transportation under the most severe sanctions restrictions, which is the basis for providing innovative solutions for cargo transshipment that determine the growth potential.

Risk Assessment for Maritime Container Transportation Security

Risk Assessment for Maritime Container Transportation Security

Issues of designing new educational disciplines for training and advanced training of transport security forces

Methodological issues of pedagogical design of creative models of new programs are considered on the example of the construction of the educational program “Features of sanitary and epidemiological protection of passengers and personnel of railway transport and metro enterprises in the conditions of military threat and the spread of acute viral infection” and the program “Features of protection of metro transport infrastructure from acts of unlawful interference in the conditions of escalation of military conflicts and the emergence of epidemics”. for training and advanced training of the security forces transport security. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of these models in educational institutions of additional professional education are described. It is shown that the creation of a creative model of a new program should be preceded by a longterm work on the selection and classifi cation of information carriers about the industry of relevant knowledge, technology and technology. The sequence of introduction to the specialty, the content component of lectures, seminars and practical classes, the volume of classroom classes and independent training are substantiated. The presented program models suggest the possibility of their subsequent expansion and deepening, as well as integrated use with existing programs. Attention is drawn to the need for early adoption of measures to restructure the educational process with a sharp aggravation of the military-political situation and in conditions of the spread of acute viral infection.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SAFETY-ORIENTED SHIP OPERATIONS DURING CARGO TRANSPORTATION

Abstract. The article examines topical issues of maritime transportation safety in the context of modern transport production processes. A comprehensive analysis of the key factors affecting the safety of navigation is carried out, and a structured system for classifying these factors is developed. The main categories of safety, including technical, navigational, technological and environmental safety, are considered, and the role of the human factor in ensuring the safety of navigation is determined. Comprehensive research methods were applied, including the analysis of literature sources, statistical data, case studies and expert opinions. The result of the work is a developed system of concepts for ensuring safety in maritime transport, which can contribute to improving safety and reliability in this area. Objective. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of shipping safety issues in the context of modern transport production processes. The paper aims to thoroughly consider the key factors affecting the safety of maritime transportation and to provide a structured system for classifying these factors. Additionally, the article identifies the main safety categories and considers the role of the human factor in ensuring all aspects of shipping safety. As a result, a general approach to shipping safety is formulated, which takes into account all the necessary aspects and methods of ensuring safety in the process of maritime transportation. Research methods. This article uses a comprehensive research method, including the analysis of literary sources and scientific publications, the analysis of statistical data on incidents in maritime shipping, and also uses case studies and expert assessments. Additionally, the method of modeling situations that could potentially affect shipping safety was used. All these methods were used for a comprehensive review and classification of factors affecting safety and the development of a system of concepts for ensuring safety in maritime transportation. Results. As a result of the study, a comprehensive system of concepts for ensuring safety in maritime transportation was developed. It includes four main types of safety: technical, navigational, technological and environmental. Each of these aspects of safety has been analyzed in detail and classified depending on the stages of the shipping production process. Scientific novelty. The novelty of this article lies in the development of an approach to comprehensive analysis and security in maritime transportation, which can contribute to improving safety and reliability in this industry. Practical significance. The developed comprehensive system of concepts for ensuring safety during maritime transportation provides specific recommendations and methods for ensuring safety at various stages of ship operation, including cargo transportation and other ship operations.

Особливості трансформаційних процесів на світовому ринку морської торгівлі

The benefits of sustainable functioning are among the most important characteristics of any socio-economic structure. It predetermines the rationality of the formation of results at normalized costs. But sustainability is of particular importance to systems that predetermine the optimization of the state of other participants in market relations. In this aspect, the activities of maritime transport are particularly highlighted, ensuring the rationality of the international division of labor. All subsystems that form cargo flows are interested in the sustainable operation of maritime transport, which provides up to 80 percent of foreign trade. However, the periodic instability of the world merchant fleet is determined by three aspects: the cyclical nature of the world economy, the competitive situation within the global maritime trade market and alternative approaches of opposing economic strategies. Therefore, to achieve transport security and sustainable positioning of national or union economies, it is important to monitor and recognize unwanted crisis situations. In accordance with the characteristics of external influences, response strategies are selected to meet the requirements of ensuring sustainability. Therefore, a specific approach to ensuring risk management is being formed.

Detecting Unauthorized Movement of Radioactive Material Packages in Transport with an Adam-Optimized BP Neural Network Model

The rapid expansion of nuclear technology across various sectors due to global economic growth has led to a substantial rise in the transportation of radioactive materials. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) estimates that approximately 20 million shipments of radioactive materials occur annually. In this context, ensuring the safety and security of radioactive material transportation is of significant importance. IAEA’s “Security of Radioactive Materials in Transport” (Nuclear Security Series No. 9-G) mandates that an effective transport security system should provide immediate detection of any unauthorized removal of the packages. In the present study, an innovative Adam-optimized BP neural network model is developed for detecting unauthorized movements of radioactive material packages. To analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm, numerous experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 99.17% accuracy rate in detecting unauthorized movements of radioactive materials, with a missed alarm rate of 0.72% and a false alarm rate of 0.1%. This method also enables real-time detection of unauthorized removal of radioactive materials and effectively enhances the security of radioactive materials during transport to reduce the risks of theft, loss, diversion, or sabotage.

Economic issue of using artificial neural networks with radial-basis transmission functions for modeling efficiency of management processes

ObjectivesThe paper presents the possibility of using artificial neural networks (ANN) with radial-basis transmission function (RBF) for modeling of economic phenomena and processes.Material and methodsThe basic characteristics and parameters of an ANN with RBF are shown and the advantages of using this type of ANN for modeling economic phenomena and processes are emphasized. Using an ANN with RBF, together with official statistics for 2010-2017, the modeling of the influence caused by work efficiency indicators of the customs authorities of Ukraine on the indicators of economic security of Ukraine was carried out. These eighteen indicators of economic security of Ukraine, which comprehensively characterize the economic status of the country in terms of production, social, financial, food, transport, energy, and foreign economic security, were chosen as the most informative indicators.ResultsThe results of the study showed that Artificial neural networks with Radial-basis transmission function well describe the trend of changing state economic security indicators under the influence of changing performance indicators of customs authorities. This allows us to recommend this type of artificial neural networks for analysis, evaluation and forecasting of economic phenomena and processes.ConclusionsThe results obtained showed good analytical and prognostic properties of an ANN with RBF when modeling the impact of customs authorities' performance on the state's economic security indicators.

Machine learning for enhancing transportation security: A comprehensive analysis of electric and flying vehicle systems

This paper delves into the transformative role of machine learning (ML) techniques in revolutionizing the security of electric and flying vehicles (EnFVs). By exploring key domains such as predictive maintenance, cyberattack detection, and intelligent decision-making, the study uncovers pivotal insights that will shape the future of this technology.From a theoretical perspective, ML emerges as a cornerstone for fortifying EnFV safety, offering real-time threat detection, predictive maintenance capabilities, and enhanced anomaly detection. In practical terms, ML-based solutions are envisioned as instrumental in preventing cyberattacks, reducing downtime, and improving overall safety.The research contributions of this study encompass a comprehensive overview of ML applications in EnFV security, identification of challenges, and paving the way for future research directions. While acknowledging research limitations, particularly the need for real-world implementation, the study emphasizes the crucial yet underexplored ethical considerations in ML for EnFV security. Future research suggestions focus on Explainable AI techniques, real-time ML algorithms for resource-constrained environments, and privacy-preserving ML techniques, aiming for a transparent, efficient, and privacy-aware integration of ML in EnFV security. By addressing key security challenges, ML can potentially revolutionize the EnFV domain, paving the way for a future of efficient, sustainable, and connected transportation systems.

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS ENSURING THE SAFETY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

In the modern world, transportation systems have become an integral part of our lives. Various transportation systems such as air, land, sea, and railways play a significant role in meeting people's daily needs and sustaining economic activities. However, the safety of these transportation systems is a primary concern. Reducing the risk of accidents, preventing theft, and sabotage are crucial factors for a secure transportation system. Therefore, measurement systems that ensure the safety of transport systems have been developed. Measurement systems that ensure the safety of transport systems typically consist of the following key components: Sensors: A range of sensors is used to monitor and measure safety, detecting variables such as temperature, pressure, speed, vibration, location, and environmental conditions. Sensors continuously monitor the system's condition and collect data. Data Processing Unit: Data collected by sensors is analyzed by a specialized data processing unit. This unit can detect anomalies and create early warning systems for problem identification. Communication Systems: The resulting data must be transmitted to a central control center. Communication systems facilitate the secure and fast transfer of data. Wireless or wired communication technologies can be used. Control Systems: Control systems that can intervene automatically when needed are available to maintain the safety of transportation systems. These systems can initiate emergency procedures when they detect hazardous conditions. Data Storage and Analysis: Storing and long-term analysis of the acquired data is essential to enhance the safety of the transport system. These analyses help in better understanding the system and making improvements. Measurement systems ensuring the safety of transport systems can be applied to various modes of transportation. Here are some sample applications: Rail Transportation: The safety of rail transportation requires continuous monitoring of factors such as the condition of the rails, train speed, the number of passengers, and security threats. Measurement systems are crucial to ensure the safe operation of trains. Air Transportation: Safety in air transportation encompasses technical conditions of aircraft, weather conditions, and air traffic control, among other factors. Measurement systems help prevent accidents and incidents in this industry. Land Transportation: Safety in land transportation involves factors like vehicle movement, road conditions, and accidents. Smart traffic systems and sensors are used to optimize traffic management. Keywords: sensors, safe transportation, radio-frequency technology, communication systems, artificial intelligence.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVING TRANSPORT SAFETY: VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The growing number of traffic accidents and road deaths make traffic safety one of the most urgent problems of our time. Technological advancements in road transport and road infrastructure create a powerful potential for mitigating the risk of road accidents and ultimately saving lives. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the impact of technology on improving transportation safety with a focus on vehicle and infrastructure safety systems. The object of research is technologies aimed at preventing road accidents and reducing their consequences, while the subject of research is the role of these technologies in traffic safety. To achieve the goal, we used the following methods in this study. An analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources was carried out, which made it possible to assess the state of modern research in the field of transport safety and identify the most significant aspects of the technologies usage to reduce the risk of road accidents. Active participation in scientific discussions and exchange of views with leading scientists in this field allowed us to gain additional insights and evaluate the current state of research in transport safety. The study encompassed several tasks, including analysing and assessing modern car safety technologies. The research analysed the impact of existing car safety technologies on traffic accident statistics, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the article explored the role of infrastructure, including intelligent traffic management and communication technologies, in enhancing overall traffic safety. We identified challenges, such as privacy and cyber security, related to the application of technology in transport security and outlined prospects for further development of this industry. The article highlights the importance of using technology to improve traffic safety. The findings allow us to determine that the development of car safety systems and infrastructure has the potential to reduce road accidents substantially. The recommendations from the study emphasise the need for further research in cyber security and standardisation of technologies to ensure their secure integration on roads. This approach to the technology implementation can help diminish the risk of road accidents and preserve human lives. Keywords: technologies, transport safety, transport technologies, cars, transport infrastructure.

Curvature Consistent Network for Microscope Chip Image Super-Resolution.

Detecting hardware Trojan (HT) from a microscope chip image (MCI) is crucial for many applications, such as financial infrastructure and transport security. It takes an inordinate cost in scanning high-resolution (HR) microscope images for HT detection. It is useful when the chip image is in low-resolution (LR), which can be acquired faster and at a lower cost than its HR counterpart. However, the lost details and noises due to the electric charge effect in LR MCIs will affect the detection performance, making the problem more challenging. In this article, we address this issue by first discussing why recovering curvature information matters for HT detection and then proposing a novel MCI super-resolution (SR) method via a curvature consistent network (CCN). It consists of a homogeneous workflow and a heterogeneous workflow, where the former learns a mapping between homogeneous images, i.e., LR and HR MCIs, and the latter learns a mapping between heterogeneous images, i.e., MCIs and curvature images. Besides, a collaborative fusion strategy is used to leverage features learned from both workflows level-by-level by recovering the HR image eventually. To mitigate the issue of lacking an MCI dataset, we construct a new benchmark consisting of realistic MCIs at different resolutions, called MCI. Experiments on MCI demonstrate that the proposed CCN outperforms representative SR methods by recovering more delicate circuit lines and yields higher HT detection performance. The dataset is available at github.com/RuiZhang97/CCN.

Research on Execution Risk and Security Improvement Measures of Major Sports Events

This research paper delves into the critical aspects of execution risk management and security enhancement in major sports events. With the ever-growing popularity of sports events worldwide, ensuring the safety and security of participants and spectators has become a top priority for event organizers, government agencies, and stakeholders. The paper presents a comprehensive and structured approach to address the challenges associated with event security, providing valuable insights into risk assessment methodologies, stakeholder involvement, emergency response planning, venue and perimeter security, crowd management, transport and logistics security, security personnel training, intelligence and information sharing, and the significance of ongoing research in this field. By highlighting key findings and recommendations, the paper aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to create secure and enjoyable experiences for all involved in major sports events. The research highlights the importance of continuous improvement, collaboration, and technological advancements to strengthen event security and mitigate potential risks in an ever-evolving global landscape.

Investigation of environmental factors on the resistance characteristic: Study case of the designed patrol boat hull

The increase in world oil prices has led to high operational costs in the maritime sector. In this regard, it is necessary to increase efficiency in the use of fuel in the maritime transportation security sector. Resistance on the ship’s hull affects efficiency and fuel consumption. In previous studies, there have been analyses on internal factors of the ship’s hull, such as appendages, which can affect the resistance value of the ship’s hull. However, examination of the external factors, e.g., the condition of the waters during operations of patrol boats, is still scant. This study conducts a series of analyses of the influence of environmental factors on the hull resistance values, such as water density and wind speed, with five different conditions. The results of this study are expected to be a reliable reference in predicting hull performance under different environments, especially in an attempt to reduce fuel consumption due to resistance.

Assessing the financial stability of Warsaw-listed transport and logistics firms

Purpose. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the financial security of transport and logistics companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Methodology. The research employs various financial security indicators such as liquidity, capital coverage of assets, working capital, and others. The study focuses on 11 companies in the transport and logistics sector listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the third quarter of 2023. Results. The findings reveal that companies in the transport and logistics sector are highly diverse and challenging to compare on non-financial security aspects. Average data do not reflect the real situation in the sector, and individual companies significantly influence average results. The importance of maintaining an optimal structure of assets and capital for ensuring financial security is also highlighted. Theoretical contribution. This paper contributes to financial security in the transport and logistics sector by analysing companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. It offers a new perspective on the financial stability of these companies and the factors influencing it. Practical implications. The research calls for caution when assessing the financial security of enterprises in the transport and logistics sector. It also suggests expanding the research group and checking whether the entire sector has any common patterns regarding financial security. This could provide valuable insights for companies in the sector and policymakers.

A novel block-chain based secure cross-domain interaction approach for intelligent transportation systems

In the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), secure and efficient data communication among vehicles, road testing equipment, computing nodes, and transportation agencies is important for building a smart city integrated transportation system. However, the traditional centralized processing approach may face threats in terms of data leakage and trust. The use of distributed, tamper-proof blockchain technology can improve the decentralized storage and security of data in the ITS network. However, the cross-trust domain devices, terminals, and transportation agencies in the heterogeneous blockchain network of the ITS still face great challenges in trusted data communication and interoperability. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous cross-chain interaction mechanism based on relay nodes and identity encryption to solve the problem of data cross-domain interaction between devices and agencies in the ITS. First, we propose the ITS cross-chain communication framework and improve the cross-chain interaction model. The relay nodes are interconnected through LibP2P to form a relay node chain, which is used for cross-chain information verification and transmission. Secondly, we propose a relay node secure access scheme based on identity-based encryption (IBE) to provide reliable identity authentication for relay nodes. Finally, we build a standard cross-chain communication protocol and cross-chain transaction lifecycle for this mechanism. We use Hyperledger Fabric and FISCO BCOS blockchain to design and implement this solution, and verify the feasibility of this cross-chain interaction mechanism. The experimental results show that the mechanism can achieve a stable data cross-chain read throughput of 2,000 transactions per second (TPS), which can meet the requirements of secure and efficient cross-chain communication and interaction among heterogeneous blockchains in the ITS, and has high application value.