Russian Security Research Articles

THE MARKET FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE CABBAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF FOOD SECURITY

The article presents and analyzes the indicators of white cabbage production in Russia (by districts, subjects of the federation and categories of farms). The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of white cabbage production in the Russian Federation and in the world in terms of food security. Materials and methods. The information base of the research is information and scientific material, statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), official periodicals of modern analytical centers. The study used general scientific methods of systematization, comparison and analysis of data. Study results. To increase the level of food security in Russia, it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of domestic production, physical and economic accessibility of high-quality food for the population. According to the new Food Security Doctrine, the strategic goal is to increase the export potential. The study revealed that about 70,150,406 tons of cabbage are produced. China is the largest cabbage producer in the world. In the Russian Federation, 14.3% of all cultivated areas of open ground crops are occupied for cabbage. The area under crop for cabbage in farms of all categories has decreased over the past six years. Many farmers and agricultural organizations refuse to grow cabbage due to its low profitability. The main cabbage production in 2022 is concentrated in the North Caucasus Federal District. In 2022, the volume of gross cabbage harvest amounted to 23,200.2 thousand tons. The current situation in the country makes it possible to implement import substitution of varieties and hybrids of white cabbage. Currently, the main task is to abandon the import of seeds of foreign breeding, and therefore it is important to focus on creating new hybrids that will be of high quality, good yield and shelf life, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. Conclusions. Today, the Russian Federation is under severe sanctions from the United States and European countries, so the issue of food security is acute. An important role in solving the problem of forming sufficient amounts of food resources belongs to the agro-industrial complex, which plays an important role in the country's economy. An important role belongs to the vegetable growing industry, which provides the population with a variety of vegetable products all year round. The country remains dependent on imported seeds, and for accelerated import substitution it is advisable to develop such forms of support as direct financing of seed production costs, provision of benefits, loans and guarantees. It is also necessary to develop a targeted state program for the transition of the industry to domestic seed material. According to analysts, Russia will be able to fully provide itself with seeds by 2025–2030.

The weird world of Russian strategic security culture

The objective of this paper is to explore the Russian interpretation of the concept of security and to question this interpretation. The first part of the essay provides a historical overview of the relationship between NATO and Russia. Although the relationship between NATO and Russia has never been friendly, it has not always been hostile. How did it become so? How did Russian security policy makers come to the conclusion that NATO posed a clear threat to Russia? What is behind Russia’s intransigent stance towards NATO? Is there even a solid basis for this attitude? What does this tell us about the Russian understanding of security? After an overview of the different concepts of security and an examination of the notion of strategic security culture, the second part of the paper attempts to answer these questions. It concludes that Russia’s strategic security culture has imperialist features and points out why, in the longer term, Russia will be the main victim of this.

Integral and generalized indicators of development and ensuring the national security of the country

Purpose: presentation of the results of research on the development and application of methods for calculating integral and generalized indicators intended for assessing the state and making effective management decisions in the field of development and ensuring national security of Russia.Methods: the following methods were used in the study: methods of statistical data preparation, the method of expert assessments, the T. Saaty method, the method of the Center for political conjuncture, the method of linear convolution.Results: the article provides an overview of approaches to managing development and ensuring national security in Russia and a number of foreign countries using various indicators. The authors have developed a methodology for forming integral and generalized indicators of development and ensuring the national security of Russia. The calculation of generalized indicators of the state of economic security in the field of civil air transportation and aircraft manufacturing in Russia in 2021-2022 is presented. The authors proposed a mechanism for analytical interpretation of the influence of changes in general and specific indicators on the transformation of the integral indicator.Сonclusions and Relevance: when studying complex socio-economic phenomena, there is a need to use generalized and integral assessments. This is due to the large amount of information that needs to be analyzed, summarized and structured. Generalized and integral indicators are necessary for forecasting and planning development while ensuring the national security of the country. Such indicators make it possible to quickly and efficiently assess current socio-economic processes, respond in a timely manner and take measures to solve emerging problems. In the article, the authors propose to analyze the dynamics of generalized and integral indicators characterizing the development and ensuring the national security of the country, which makes it possible to identify potential threats and risks and timely take measures to minimize them.

Assessment of the biochemical status of Parasalmo mykiss walbaum in trout farming conditions as a basis for the development of a natural adaptogen based on green microalgae

Increasing the output of aquaculture products is an important condition for supporting food security in Russia and ensuring the socio-economic development of the regions. One of the key factors for the sustainable functioning of trout farms is the timely and effective prevention of the occurrence and spread of diseases in farmed fish [8,10]. The purpose of the presented study was to monitor the condition of rainbow trout based on the assessment of biochemical and morphological blood parameters in age dynamics to identify critical periods and develop an adaptogen from green microalgae for the correction of metabolic processes. In the presented study, the hematological status of rainbow trout was studied in the conditions of the fisheries of the Republic of Karelia. The study was conducted in the summer in 4 age groups. During the research, it was revealed that the age of trout significantly affects the biochemical blood levels studied. As a result of the research, it was revealed that in the studied animals with age there is a significant increase in such biochemical parameters as ALT, Total protein, albumin, and urea. Thus, during the monitoring of the biochemical status of rainbow trout under aquaculture conditions, it was found that the condition of the fish’s body worsens with age, which is reflected in the biochemical parameters of the blood, such as total protein, albumin, and urea. In this case, green microalgae Chlorella can act as a natural adaptogen that normalizes blood biochemical parameters due to the high content of available carotenoids. It has been established that the pigments chlorophyll a (6.68 mg/g) and carotenoids (3.36%) accumulate in noticeable quantities in the biomass of.

Finnish-Estonian defence cooperation. Lessons of 1939-1940 for the USSR and their modern interpretation

The article focuses on the issues of bilateral relations between Estonia and Finland in the 1920s and 1930s in the context of modern foreign policy and military cooperation between two countries. The authors consider these relations in terms of modern threats to Russia's security in the northwest and Finland's entry into NATO. Close attention is given to the current military-political situation in the region. A set of methods of comparative studies in political and historical dimensions was implemented. The purpose of the study is to show the continuity of models of military-political cooperation in the Baltic region. The authors came to the conclusion that in the third decade of the 21st century the renewal of the previous model of cooperation between Estonia and Finland and its qualitative development in the context of the NATO strategy in the Baltic theatre are possible. Currently the only obstacle to deepening Finnish-Estonian cooperation in the military-political sphere is Russia's active position. The actualisation of discussions about historical experience of interactions with Russia will inevitably lead to drawing the lessons from 1939-1948 for Tallinn and Helsinki. This can provide the pragmatisation of interactions between Russia, Finland, and Estonia in the long term.

Продовольственная безопасность страны в условиях санкционного давления и геополитической нестабильности

The purpose of the article is to study food security issues, whose importance is increasing due to sanction pressure and the aggravation of geopolitical instability. The problems of food security continue to be relevant, since the interests of the state are always affected (we are talking about the basic direction of ensuring national security) and relate directly to the population from the position of an appropriate standard of living, providing them with food. The scale of sanctions and geopolitical tension increases the importance of this area and allows us to consider it in the current situation from the point of view of the country’s independence from external threats to the world market. Despite the rather positive dynamics of the development of the agro-industrial complex, domestic agribusiness has faced new challenges, the process of overcoming which does not seem simple and instant. The spring of 2022 proved evidence of accelerating the process of import substitution; nevertheless, the accumulated margin of safety and timely response of the state contributed to the successful completion of the previous year. Ensuring food security and reducing dependence on imports has become one of the tasks of the Russian economy in the current conditions outlined by the President of the country. The article identifies the key problems of ensuring food security in Russia (inflationary pressure, rising prices, import dependence, etc.) and suggests possible ways to solve them (social support of the population, acceleration of import substitution processes, involvement of agricultural universities in this process, stimulating the interaction of universities with other educational and scientific organizations in the context of their adaptation to the needs of the agro-industrial complex). The key place is given to reducing import dependence as a parameter for ensuring Russia’s food security in modern economic and geopolitical conditions.

Development of agriculture and regulation of product markets of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Food security in Russia seems to be one of the important criteria for guaranteeing the state security of the country in the medium and long–term forecast. In Russia, this process is regulated by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, which defines a number of important tasks: their implementation contributes to maintaining food security, regardless of external and internal conditions. The state program of the agro–industrial complex provides for the comprehensive formation of all industries and sub–sectors, as well as areas of activity of the agro–industrial complex, taking into account Russia’s membership in the WTO, as well as participation in the EEC and other regional associations in the economic space of the CIS. The following main objectives of the state program of the republic in the context of agricultural products have been identified: to ensure the implementation of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation for production; create favorable conditions for the development of exports of agricultural products in the republic; ensure sustainable development of cattle breeding; increase the efficiency of the agro–industrial complex through the introduction of innovative and high–tech technologies, etc. The article presents the results of a study on the development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of products of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the context of the global financial crisis.

Comparison of the Transformation of some Provisions of the Information Legislation of Russia and the EU in the Context of the Cyber Security Conception

Introduction. The article discusses the legislative framework in the field of information and cyber security in Russia and the European Union, as well as relevant changes to them. The changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation after the adoption on December 30, 2021 No. 441-FZ “On Amendments to Article 15.3 of the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and Articles 3 and 5 of the Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, as well as Council of Europe Convention 108 for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (T-PD) of 1981, Protocol amending the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on its 128th session in Elsinore on 18 May 2018. (Convention 108+), 2021 Guidelines for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data by and for Political Campaigns.Materials and methods. The research materials were compiled by the Federal Law of December 30, 2021 No. 441-FZ “On Amending Article 15.3 of the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and Articles 3 and 5 of the Federal Law “On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation ”, Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152 “On Personal Data”, Federal Law “On measures of influence on persons involved in violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms, rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation” of December 28, 2012 No. 272, Federal Law “On Fundamental Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation” No. 67-FZ of June 12, 2002, 108 of the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (T-PD), Convention 108+ and the Guidelines on the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data by and for Political Campaigns 2021. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of personal data protection: the method of system-structural analysis; method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; comparative legal method; formal-logical method.Results of the study. The Russian Federation implements many of the provisions of the Guidelines for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. However, there are those proposals that are not reflected in Russian laws. In addition, the Guidelines for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the processing of personal data actually allow organizations to transfer data to social networks for advertising, which in Russia can be regarded as a violation of the law.Discussion and conclusion. At the moment, uncertainty remains in connection with the cooperation between Russia and European countries and Russia's withdrawal from the Council of Europe, the ECtHR and the HRC. In the near future, Russia will determine the list of European conventions that no longer meet its national interests, and denounce them. If Convention 108 is not included in this list, then Russia will be able to remain a party to the Convention and, consequently, to related documents. But still, even if the Convention under consideration and related documents are denounced, some of its positive practices can be adapted by Russian legislators and reflected in the Russian Federal Law in a slightly modified form.

Baltık ve Arktika’da NATO Genişlemesinin Rusya Güvenliğine Etkisi

After the discovery of energy and new transit routes, the Arctic has become the new competition area of global powers. The Arctic, which has a geopolitically important position, is the new struggle area of NATO and Russia. When we examine the region we see the members of the Arctic Council are Canada, America, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Sweden and Russia. All of these countries are NATO members except Russia and Sweden. After Russia's attack on Ukraine, Finland and Sweden applied for NATO membership and Finland was accepted. On the other hand, with the Baltic states also becoming NATO members, Russia is surrounded both in Eastern Europe and in the Arctic region. Therefore, the study seeks to answer three main research questions: first, how is NATO's enlargement process in the Arctic region progressing? Second, what is Russia's doctrine (policies) against NATO enlargement? Third, what will be the impact of NATO enlargement on Russia's security?

The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on Global Food and Environmental Security

The global war has disrupted trade, production, and consumption, leading to increased commodity prices and a threat to global food security. The article examines the long-term consequences of the war on global food and environmental security, focusing on disruptions in food markets and infrastructure destruction. The study utilizes the FAOSTAT database and food security indicators to assess the state of food security in Russia and Ukraine from 2010 to 2021. The results reveal numerous negative direct and indirect effects on food and environmental security, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) being among the most affected regions. Prior to the Russian invasion in February 2022, Ukraine was a major grain exporter to the MENA region. However, the war caused extreme volatility in food insecurity. Among the key consequences of the war, it should be mentioned about the decrease in the volume of production of agricultural products in Ukraine due to the reduction of cultivated areas as a result of blockades and destruction, which led to export restrictions, and loss of producers’ income. The countries of the Global South are most vulnerable to the food crisis (Turkey, Egypt, Georgia, Tunisia, Morocco, Libya), given the significant import dependence on Ukraine and the significant increase in product prices. The war has also resulted in pollution of water and land resources, air contamination, supply and sewage problems, and deteriorating sanitary conditions.

Food price volatility in 2021—2022 in the context of food security

The article considers one of the aspects of food security — food price volatility. Assessing price anomalies in the food market, as used in the FAO’s FPMA, is adapted and tested on Russian statistics. Special periods in the dynamics of food price volatility were identified, based on the indicator of price anomalies. The contribution of various food products to the growth in food prices in 2020—2022 is calculated, the inexpediency of maintaining the rules in force since 2021 for imposing marginal prices for socially significant food products is justified. The levels of food security in Russia in 2020—2022 are assessed according to the original methodology, which can be used as a basis for improving the existing state system of indicators.

Formation of the culture of information security of Russian citizens: evolutionary periodization

The subject of the theoretical analysis presented in the article is the periodization of the formation of the culture of information security in Russia, carried out using the method of cultural evolutionary analysis. The fulfillment of this task precedes the subsequent development of a cultural paradigm, a structural and functional model and practical methods for improving the information security of Russian citizens. The adoption by the Russian Government on December 22, 2022 of the Concept of Formation and Development of the Culture of Information Security of the Citizens of the Russian Federation confirms the relevance of this topic. The culturological analysis of the existing concepts of developing a culture of information security (based on the materials of theoretical, research and scientific-practical works of re-cent years) has shown the limitations of a narrow specialization (technical, regulatory, organizational, psychological, pedagogical, etc.). It is concluded that a profile systematic approach of culturology is in demand, which is the specifics of the list and combinations of various elements, disciplines and stages of the formation of a professional culture of information security in different sectors and in the general civil sphere. The evolutionary analysis allows us to identify five stages of the historical development of digital computer and telecommunication network technologies, starting from the creation in the late 1940s to the modern universal distribution — «digital transformation». It is revealed that the use of these technologies initially requires the formation of an appropriate user culture, including ensuring safety. The development and complication of technologies, areas and methods of their application is accompanied by the evolution of threats and risks that require the development of directions and content of information security culture, both professional and civil. The result of the theoretical analysis is the conclusion that cultural studies is a specialized scientific discipline for the selection and determination of the ratios of technical and socio-cultural components, the sequence of stages and tools for the formation and development of various types of information security culture. The development of a paradigm, a dynamic system culturological model of information security allows us to scientifically comprehend the features and correlation of professional, specialized and mass civil security culture of the use of computer and telecommunication network technologies. It is also concluded that the conceptual and cate-gorical apparatus and methodology of cultural studies provide a more adequate development of effective practical techniques and other tools for the development of the culture of information security of Russian citizens.

Plan Z: Reassessing Security-Based Accounts of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine

The debate on the origins of the Russia-Ukraine War is at an impasse. Many prominent realist scholars argue that Russia’s government chose to invade Ukraine as a last resort to reverse Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic integration, which it viewed as a major or “existential” national security threat. Critics of this contend that Ukrainian accession did not seriously threaten Russian security, and that Putin launched the invasion in the hope of achieving one or more nonsecurity objectives. This article surveys the current debate, before evaluating one of Moscow’s key stated security concerns. It then identifies four empirical issues on which security and nonsecurity accounts make substantially different predictions. It concludes that in each case, the available evidence is difficult to reconcile with a primarily security-seeking interpretation of the Russian government’s war aims.

Culturology of professional culture of information security

The purpose of the study is to study the potential of a culturological approach to the professional culture of information security in modern conditions. The subject of the study is the socio-cultural aspects of professional competencies in the context of the formation and development of the general civil culture of information security. The object of the study is the previous and ongoing evolution of the professional culture of information security in Russia. The materials used are scientific, research and scientific-practical publications on the research topic in the Russian journals of the list of the Higher Attestation Commission and in the international database Scopus (categories Q1 and Q2) for 2021-2023. The evolutionary and structural-functional methods are applied, the subject of the study is considered from the point of view of the cultural paradigm − the dynamic system model. The novelty of the research lies in the application of the conceptual apparatus and methods of cultural studies to study the professional culture of information security. Previously, the formation and development of an information security culture was considered within the framework of technical scientific disciplines, and then law, management, pedagogy, psychology and linguistics. The result of the study is the identification of socio-cultural factors as components inherent in the professional culture of information security at the present stage. These include traditional values, identity, resistance to manipulation of consciousness, as well as psychological and pedagogical competencies of training non-professionals in information security of employees of organizations and citizens, customers and users of services. The conclusion is made: the culturological approach is highly in demand in information security, which is due to its transformation into a general civil culture, which must include more and more significant socio-cultural aspects.

UNVEILING REALIST EXPLANATIONS: MEARSHEIMER'S PERSPECTIVE ON WAR IN UKRAINE

The realist explanations surrounding the origins of Russia's war against Ukraine, specifically John Mearsheimer's assertion of western responsibility, have sparked controversy. Realism, including its more specific offensive sub-school, presents a wide range of contrasting interpretations, depending on the actors studied and the characteristics attributed to them. Similar to classical realism, structural realism is based on underlying assumptions about human nature. To elucidate these assumptions regarding the behavior of states and their leaders, the article explores key components of structural theory, such as power differentials, rational interests, and the perception of states as unified actors. It establishes connections between these concepts and fundamental emotions like fear and anger. The article argues that realists should distinguish between the aspirations of states and the individual leaders' pursuit of power and status. Additionally, the consideration of Russian security concerns may reflect the elite's perceived threat of cultural subordination and Putin's personal apprehension about regime stability. Engaging with realist thought is crucial, not only due to its ongoing influence on policy-making, particularly in Russia, but also to prevent the misappropriation of caricatured versions of realist arguments.

Cancel Culture in Constructing National Identity of the Caspian Macro-region Countries (on the Example of Textbooks in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan)

The process of the formation of independent states on the territories of post-Soviet republics raised the problem of the construction of their national identities. This process was propelled by the rejection of Soviet identity and the cultural legacy of the Soviet era. This rejection necessitated a reinterpretation of the historical past of the nations and a revision of the pantheon of national heroes. To achieve this goal, the mechanism of cancel culture was used, which aimed at rejecting the values of a certain culture and constructing a new worldview. In this research, we are interested in the Caspian macro-region, which is an object of interest both geopolitically and economically not only for the five international actors (Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan) having access to the water area but also for more distant states (China, Turkey, the USA, and leading European countries) fighting for influence in the Caspian basin. In the Caspian region there is heightened tension, manifested in ethnic conflicts (Armenian-Azerbaijani, Kazakhstan, Iran, etc.), therefore the study of the process of national identity construction in each subject individually and in the whole region is not only a matter of scientific interest but also a strategic task to ensure both Caspian and Russian security. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanisms of constructing a new national identity of the Caspian countries through the cancel culture, reconsidering their experience and historical development. This process can be seen most clearly in the example of changes in the educational systems of the Caspian region countries. To conduct a comparative analysis, we took history and local history textbooks from secondary schools and institutions of higher education in the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. This research was limited to the study of textbooks published in the Russian language. The selection was made by random sampling. A series of research projects on the construction of national identity in the post-Soviet space through the mechanism of cancel culture starts with this article presenting the results of the study of two countries in the Caspian Sea region — Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.

Rational Use and Protection of Agricultural Land: Environmental and Legal Problems

The article proposes to consider the problems of ensuring the rational use and protection of the most important, according to the author, category of land in the Russian land fund — agricultural land. These lands play a decisive role in solving the issues of providing the country’s population with food, in achieving food security goals in modern conditions of imposing sanctions on Russia by unfriendly countries. The author notes the existence of certain legal instruments aimed at achieving this goal — the relevant sources of Russian law, the activities of certain state authorities, including those specially authorized to exercise state control (supervision) in the sphere of relations under consideration, the state mechanism for identifying, suppressing, punishing persons who have committed land offenses that have led to the deterioration of agricultural land and soils, moreover, which made it impossible to use such lands for their intended purpose. In the article, the author provides data characterizing the state with the use of such lands, identifies the main negative factors contributing to the creation of such a situation. As a result of some analysis of the current situation with ensuring the proper use and protection of lands of this category, the author formulates his proposals for improving the existing mechanism aimed at achieving the goals of ensuring food security in Russia.

State-Religious Relations in the Russian Security System

The subject of the analysis is the state-religious relations in the system of ensuring the safe existence and development of man and society. In the context of the concepts of social, religious and information-psychological security, the forms-models of interactions between state authorities and religious organizations are analyzed. It is noted that religions in the conditions of the information society participate in the design of information environments capable of exerting a multidirectional influence on individuals, including destructive ones. In order to prevent possible negative effects on the human psyche, integration and cooperation of religious institutions and state authorities are required. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the features of state–religious relations and their markers that can trigger stabilization mechanisms to ensure the security system in crisis and emergency situations. The novelty of the study is: 1) in identifying the role of state-religious relations in the system of different types of security, depending on the models of interaction between the state and religions; 2) in defining the principles of the modern model of state-religious relations in Russia (interreligious interaction and peaceful coexistence of religions, the special position of the Russian Orthodox Church, strong state power with the highest possible level of centralization); 3) in reformatting the principles into a system of indicators for diagnosing and forecasting state-religious relations in modern Russia. As a result of the research, the concepts of “state-confessional relations”, “state-religious relations”, “state-church relations” are analyzed. The necessity of using the term “state-religious relations” in the scientific literature is substantiated. The main historical models of state-religious relations are studied, their conflictogenic or peacemaking nature for the system of social, religious and information-psychological security is revealed. The concept of “identity of Russia” is analyzed from the perspective of socio-cultural analysis. The correlation of the identity and specificity of the model of state-religious relations in Russia is established. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility of using the results in order to develop a system of effective practices for ensuring the security of individuals and society, in developing a strategy for the development of an updated form of state-religious interactions in modern Russia.

Armed attacks in educational institutions: social, psychological and informational problems of education security in Russia and abroad

Relevance. The history of armed attacks on educational institutions originated in the United States, but in recent decades this social phenomenon has spread widely to other countries, including Russia. Mass social tragedies associated with deaths of the youth cause great concern among all groups of population and require comprehensive prevention measures.The objective of the study is to identify social environmental factors that shape school shooter mentality, as well as to explore various strategies to prevent attacks in educational institutions of different levels (kindergartens, schools, universities).Methods. Armed attacks in educational institutions are the focus of our research. The material includes published research data (articles, dissertations and monographs) in English and Russian. The set of methods included generalizing conclusions published by peer investigators regarding the considered matter. Bibliographic databases (i.e. Federal State Institution “Russian State Library”, library platforms of Lomonosov Moscow State University and Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia) and scientific networks (ResearchGate, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, Academia.edu, Mendeley) were used to explore research data. The findings present over 127 thousand publications regarding meta-analysis of armed attacks and mass shooting that occurred in educational institutions, as well as their social, psychological, cultural, and informational implications.Results and Discussion. The analysis of data regarding armed attacks in educational institutions demonstrates a very specific phenomenon that belongs to a specific type of crimes. Findings show that mass shootings of schoolchildren and students occur annually in the United States, apparently due to the free circulation of firearms and the cult of the guns. From 1974 to 1921 the US witnesses over 50 major armed attacks causing over a hundred deaths. In China, this problem is also substantial due to the country’s rapid and profound social changes (reforms, gender imbalance and demographic policy). Cold arms (knives, hammers) is the major weapon of assault in China, which caused deaths of at least a hundred children. In Europe, school shooting is not a critical problem, with only few cases reported by a few countries (Germany, Denmark and Finland). Russia shows no increase in the number of armed attacks using firearms or cold arms. In general, such incidents occur annually (1 to 4 violence cases) and are associated with slumped standards of living, increased aggression, social and psychological maladaptation among the population. To solve this problem, an integrated approach is needed, which could bring together technical and social aspects. The technical aspects imply broader use of video surveillance security systems and barriers, as well as regular profound inspections of school grounds (the venue and inside the school building). However, preventive measures should effectively provide for the social aspect to ensure expanded and deeper social and communicative relations within the student – administration / school teacher – parents paradigm. Taken together, these measures are bound o mitigate many factors of antisocial, aggressive, and violent behaviors in schools.Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of Russian and foreign literature regarding armed attacks in educational institutions suggests that this is an independent psychosocial phenomenon. A system approach of the study allowed to establish a school shooter’s presumable portrait, as well as to identify typical social and personal characteristics of a shooter’s personality (i.e. social isolation; lack of individual ability to cope with life difficulties, such as study failures, conflicts at school or in the family; weak social integration at school and in other communities; decreased self-esteem and identity-related problems, in particular gender-related issues).

MRFM-analysis for customer segmentation in the industrial equipment market

It is of high importance for enterprises to identify, group and prioritize customers with similar needs in order to develop an individual approach to each of these groups. The article aims to segment B2B consumers based on the analysis of their purchasing behaviour. The theoretical framework of the study is the postulates of behavioural marketing. The research method involves МRFM-analysis (Modified Recency-Frequency-Monetary Analysis) that allows determining homogeneous groups of clients, examining the evolution of their behaviour, and formulating targeted interaction strategies for each group. The paper demonstrates the benefits of the Orange Data Mining machine learning and data mining complex, these are the capability to statistically correctly identify client clusters and the visual clarity of results analysis. The empirical evidence is industrial equipment sales data provided by a large Russian security systems manufacturer for the period of 2015–2022. A relationship is found between the segmentation performed in the study and the Reinartz–Kumar approach applied to decide on a strategy for forming customer loyalty. The authors distinguish between six groups of customers and establish those generating the greatest profit for the company and those having the minimum effects on its turnover. The group of trading firms (about 20% of all the clients) turned out to be the priority one, which, due to the specificity of their activities, have long-term relationships with the manufacturer and high client reliability. It is the client group for which devising targeted strategies stimulating an increase in their demand is most reasonable. For the rest of the consumer groups, it is expedient to use standard marketing strategies.