System Security Evaluation Research Articles

Does carbon reduction and sequestration conflict with food security in rural China?—What, why and how?

Based on panel data of 31 provinces in rural China from 1997 to 2020, this manuscript first applies a carbon reduction and sequestration (CRS) model from the perspective of agricultural carbon emissions and agricultural carbon sinks. We then construct a food security evaluation system to examine the four dimensions of quantity, quality, ecological and economic security. Finally, the study uses a spatial Durbin model to empirically analyze the impact of CRS on food security and the moderating effect of fiscal decentralization. The relevant results: First, from 1997 to 2020, carbon emissions rose from 221.9794 million tons (1997) to 251.1368 million tons (2020), representing an increase of 13.14 %. The total amount of carbon sinks increased from 518.259 million tons (1997) to 758.887 million tons (2020); an increase of 46.43 %. CRS exhibited a fluctuating downward trend, falling from 0.98 (1997) to 0.90 (2020). However, food security showed an increasing trend, rising 0.12 (1997) to 0.32 (2020), with an average annual growth rate of 6.94 %. Second, in the short term, national CRS has had a significantly negative impact on food security, whereas the long term the result is exactly the opposite. In terms of control variables, planting structure, openness to the world, and economic development have significantly positive impact on food security, and urbanization, technological progress, and environmental regulation have significantly negative impact on food security. Regional heterogeneity is evident in the three functional attribute areas. Third, fiscal decentralization can enhance the negative impact of CRS on food security in the short term and weaken the positive impact of CRS on food security in the long term. Similarly, some regional heterogeneity is found among different regions.

Ecological Safety Assessment and Convergence of Resource-Based Cities in the Yellow River Basin

Promoting the sustainable development of resource-based cities is of great significance for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. In order to solve the dilemma of the sustainable development of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin, this paper constructs an ecological security evaluation system. It calculates the ecological security level of 30 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2020 using the TOPSIS model and carries out a classification convergence analysis. The DID empirical test of ecological security factors by sustainable development planning policies is used to distinguish the development characteristics of different resource-based cities. The results show that (1) the ecological security level of resource cities in the Yellow River Basin is generally well developed, and there are differences between different types of resource cities; (2) the resource cities in the Yellow River Basin mainly rely on industrial transformation to improve the ecological security level; and (3) the local governments pay limited attention to environmental protection.

Land Use Change and Ecological Security Evaluation in Haikou City

With the continuous development of society and the acceleration of urbanization, profound changes have occurred in the utilization of land resources. Unreasonable land use and development pose serious threats to land ecological security, leading to a series of ecological security issues that constrain regional sustainable development. This study takes Haikou City as the research object and utilizes remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to analyze the changes in land use in Haikou City from 2002 to 2022. Simultaneously, a land ecological security evaluation system is constructed based on the "Pressure-State-Response" (PSR) model. The weights of the indicators are determined by combining the Entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) method is then applied to evaluate the land ecological security index. The results indicate that during the period from 2002 to 2022, the cropland and impervious areas in Haikou City exhibited significant growth trends, while the areas of grassland, water, barren land, and forest decreased. Despite this, the comprehensive ecological security index of Haikou City showed an overall fluctuating upward trend, reaching its optimal state in 2022, with the land ecological security level improving from "Minor Warning" to "Relatively Safe". These research findings provide scientific evidence for adjusting land use policies and formulating relevant measures, and also serve as an important reference for promoting the sustainable utilization and ecological security protection of land resources in Haikou City.

Multi-Dimensional Impacts of Climate Change on China’s Food Security during 2002–2021

Climate change poses a significant threat to food security, necessitating a thorough examination across multiple dimensions. Establishing appropriate food security evaluation indicators that align with the evolving concept of food security is imperative. This study enhances food security evaluation by designing a multi-dimensional framework and analyzing the impact of climate variations across various regions from 2002 to 2021. By constructing a food security evaluation system that encompasses the production quantity and quality, sustainability, affordability, and resources, and utilizing the entropy method for accurate weighting, the impacts of climate variations on food security are accessed using a climate–economic model. The food security structure in China largely mirrors the regional division of grain, with the production quantity being the primary contributor. Overall, China’s food security has generally demonstrated improvements across various dimensions, with the exception of production quality. Regarding climate change, which encompasses variations in mean states and climate extremes, the panel regression analysis uncovers a negative linear relationship between food security and temperature. Conversely, the impact of precipitation on food security is non-linear, manifesting as inverse U-shaped patterns. In regions with balanced production and consumption, both accumulated temperatures and extreme high temperatures have a negative linear effect on food security. On the other hand, both accumulated and extreme precipitation exhibit inverse U-shaped non-linear impacts on food security in the main production and main consumption regions. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between climate change, regional disparities, and food security in China, emphasizing the need to consider multi-dimensional factors and regional variations in addressing food security challenges. These insights are invaluable for policymaking and planning aimed at enhancing food security in China.

New practices of land-sea coordination in coastal zone ecological security integration: A case study of Nantong

Coastal development strategies and land-sea coordination has made a close connection between the sea and the land, and the coastal zone has become a whole entity. In this study, we established the ecological security integration pattern (ESIP) of the coastal zone in Nantong based on the land-sea coordination and connectivity. We selected the main coastal zone ecosystem service (ES) evaluation indices, calculated the ecological risk to validate the ES evaluation results, and explored the mechanisms driving ESs using multiscale geographically weighted regression. Ecological sources relies on rivers, tidal flats, and areas with high ES to construct an ecological corridor from land to sea. Ecological risk had a significant negative correlation with ES. The six driving factors selected had a positive and negative influence on the ecological sources equal to ES; An ESIP of two belts, two channels, and one river network was constructed across the land and sea boundaries, and the effect of driving factors on ES was integrated to provide suggestions for the future ESIP. This study of an ESIP evaluation system in Nantong reflects the new practice of land-sea coordination, which not only enriches the ecological security evaluation system, but also provides novel ideas for realizing ecological protection and restoration in coastal zones.

Evaluation and Improvement of Power System Security with the Application of Machine Learning

The electricity grid has added many renewable and non-renewable energy sources to meet expanding demand. Sudden load variations exacerbate generator, transmission line, and distribution network issues. Load modelling choices are crucial for system prediction. This study indicates that ZIP load models with contingency criteria can accurately forecast load behaviour over time. The NR method predicts the contingency ranking with the High Bride Line Stability Ranking Index (HLSRI) under single line outage conditions, and an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to predict the severity of the line outage and the system's behaviour. A mathematical model was utilised to analyse stability and cost with and without the UPFC and IPFC. Machine learning (ML) is used to rapidly predict the most affected transmission line during a contingency by clustering data using the J48 algorithm for the location of compensating devices. The PSO algorithm is used to develop an objective function to minimise fuel costs by maximising generating capacity. A transmission line failure and load variation might damage the electrical system. This study prioritises transmission line breakdowns and load changes. Power system security analysis provides power system status.

DDoS Attack Defense in Big Data-oriented Urban Rail Transit Safety Evaluation System

Big data technology is playing an increasingly important role in the safety evaluation of urban rail transit, which can help improve the safety and reliability of the transportation system. However, such a big data system will also become the target of attackers, especially in the face of DDoS attacks, its stability and availability may be greatly affected. Various attacks against the Internet have become a major concern among the many flaws of the contemporary Internet. Unfortunately, attacks against the Internet continue to grow more sophisticated, unpredictable, and unstoppable. At present, many researchers have devoted themselves to the research of DDoS defense solutions, and it is necessary to summarize the existing research on DDoS defense work and the technologies used in it. In this article, we introduce the process of DDoS attacks, and summarize the characteristics, mechanism and weaknesses of various DDoS attacks according to the network layer where the attack is located. Finally, defending against DDoS attacks is crucial to the big data-based urban rail transit security evaluation system. This paper summarizes the content of this paper and discusses some open issues in the field of network intrusion detection.

The response of ecological security to land use change in east and west subtropical China.

Regional land use change and ecological security have received considerable attention in recent years. The rapid economic development of Kunming and Fuzhou has resulted in environmental damage such as water pollution and urban heat island effect. It is thus important to conduct a comparative analysis of the ecological security response to land use/land cover change (LUCC) in different natural zones. Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, random forest and support vector machine methods were used to classify land cover types in the study area, after which the ArcGIS platform was used to analyze LUCC. The driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model and entropy weight method were used to construct an ecological security evaluation system, and gray correlation was used to compare the ecological security responses to LUCC in Kunming and Fuzhou. The findings revealed that: (1) The average dynamic degrees of comprehensive land use in Kunming and Fuzhou from 1995 to 2020 were 1.05% and 0.55%, respectively; (2) From 1995 to 2020, the ecological security index values for Kunming and Fuzhou increased from 0.42 to 0.52 and from 0.36 to 0.68, respectively, indicating that Fuzhou's index is rising more rapidly; and (3)There is a strong correlation between LUCC and ecological security, the correlation between the woodland and the ecological security index is very strong in both places. The expansion of construction land may be an important reason for the reduced ecological security level in Fuzhou City, while water resources have a significant impact on the ecological security level of Kunming City.

Building a sustainable food security evaluation system for the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Analysis based on entropy weight TOPSIS model method

[Objective]In order to explore the sustainable food security level in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, ensure food security and sustainable development of agricultural modernization, it is necessary to establish a scientific food security evaluation system to safeguard local food security.[Methods]This paper takes the food system of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as the research object, based on the food security research results at home and abroad, based on sustainable development thinking, combined with a new perspective of dynamic equilibrium research: Beginning with food normalcy, a comprehensive analysis of food production, food economy, social development, ecological security, and technical support for sustainable development is presented using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model to build a food security evaluation system for sustainable development. [Conclusion]After systematic analysis, it is concluded that (1) the average value of food security score of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2021 is 0.429, and the overall food in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is in general security level (0.400 ≤ Q1 ≤ 0.600), and the overall situation of food security is not optimistic, (2) from the segmentation of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the high and low level of food security are divided into sections: midstream > downstream > upstream, and each province and city is slowly rising to different degrees. In this way, we propose general countermeasures to ensure local food security from the perspective of sustainable development.

Research on Sustainable Development of Food Systems Based on Data Mining Technology

With the progress of society, the problem of people's food and clothing has been basically solved, but the unbalanced development makes the level of sustainability of the food system incompatible with the level of modern technological development. Based on SPSS, MATLAB, and PYTHON computing software and data mining techniques such as factor analysis and time series analysis, this paper constructs a food system security evaluation index system and gives the contribution rate of each index to the efficiency, effectiveness, equity, and sustainability of the food system security. A linear programming model favoring the sustainable development of the food system was constructed, and the incentive strategy for sustainable development was given according to the load of sustainable development factors. The validity and feasibility of the model were tested.

Design of network security processing system in 5G/6gNG-DSS of intelligent model computer

In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of evaluation results caused by the impact of throughput and transmission delay on traditional systems in 6G networks, this paper proposes a design method of network security processing system in 5G/6gNG-DSS of intelligent model computer. Supported by the principle of active defense, this paper designs a server-side structure, using ScanHome SH-800/400 embedded scanning module barcode QR code scanning device as the scanning engine. We put an evaluation device on the RISC chip PA-RISC microprocessor. Once the system fails, it will send an early warning signal. Through setting control, data, and cooperation interfaces, it can support the information exchange between subsystems. The higher pulse width modulator TL494:4 pin is used to design the power source. We use the top-down data management method to design the system software flow, build a mathematical model, introduce network entropy to weigh the benefits, and realize the system security evaluation. The experimental results show that the highest evaluation accuracy of the system can reach 98%, which can ensure user information security. Conclusion: The problem of active defense network security is transformed into a dynamic analysis problem, which provides an effective decision-making scheme for managers. The system evaluation based on Packet Tracer software has high accuracy and provides important decisions for network security analysis.

Ecological security evaluation for Changtan Reservoir in Taizhou City, East China, based on the DPSIR model

Reservoirs supply drinking water to many major cities in China, and their ecological security ensures the economic development, drinking water safety and ecological balance of cities. Based on Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, this study evaluated the ecological security of Changtan Reservoir in Taizhou City, East China. The ecological security evaluation system was constructed, including 17 s-level evaluation factors, which included 36 third-level evaluation indices. By combining the expert scoring method with the entropy method, the weights of each index can be calculated effectively. Finally, the ecological security index (ESI) was obtained according to the DPSIR model. The results show that the ESI of the Changtan Reservoir is 75.78, which suggests that the Changtan Reservoir is in a relatively safe state. However, the soil erosion intensity index is in a poor state in most areas. Therefore, soil and water conservation management should be strengthened. The aquatic biodiversity in the watershed of the reservoir is also poor, especially the benthos with a single species. Hence, the ecological conservation of the reservoir watershed should also be enhanced. The study also proposes that centralized treatment of urban domestic sewages and rural domestic sewages around the reservoir should be greatly improved by enhancing the sewage treatment facilities and pipelines.

Research on the Construction of China’s Provincial Food Security Evaluation System and Regional Performance—Based on the “Great Food View”

Based on the internationally recognized concept of food security and the scientific connotation of the “Great Food View”. This research constructs China’s provincial food security evaluation system under the “Great Food View” by comprehensively considering the regional food supply logic and dietary habits differences. Combining the improved entropy weight method and AHP to quantitatively evaluate the current situation and trend of food security in China’s provinces (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2009 to 2021 by using this system—on the basis of dividing China’s provinces into main food production provinces and non-main food production provinces. The results demonstrate that all provinces have entered the ranks of “security” and above food security, and the mismatch between “high vulnerability and low security” has been alleviated. Yet, the problem of “difficult growth” in the provinces with the lowest score of food security has emerged. The green and sustainability of the food security system in the main food production areas have been at a low level, and the food security in non-main food production areas has seen the “Matthew effect” of uneven development. Finally, policy implications are proposed from the aspects of diversified development of food sources, precision agriculture subsidy guide, optimization of farmland compensation and protection policies, and optimization of food storage and distribution.

Neural network based single index evaluation for SQL injection attack detection in health care data

In recent years, there are a lot of security risks in the network, and there is the combination intersection between the computer network security problems and security evaluation. The scale of computer network is very large with vast information, so there are many loopholes in the system network. At present, many have established a computer network security evaluation system to monitor the network security vulnerabilities, viruses, and defects in healthcare. However, many places simply analyzed the risk assessment of network security, but there is no assessment of network security situation. For the network security evaluation system, there is no complete evaluation system of network information security. Therefore, a network security evaluation system must be constructed to develop an effective and practical simulation model of computer network security evaluation. Through the simulation model, the effect of network security can be improved. Since the reform and opening up, the simulation of computer network security evaluation in our country is a new subject. It can directly study the network security evaluation, build a network security evaluation model, and study the network security in detail. In the computer network simulation system, it can analyze, study, design, and plan various stages, so as to play an important role.

Integrating Landscape Ecological Risks and Ecosystem Service Values into the Ecological Security Pattern Identification of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration

Urban agglomerations are the main form of China's future promotion of new urbanization development. Nevertheless, their accelerated expansion and development are increasingly threatening the security of regional ecosystems. The identification and optimization of ecological safety patterns (ESPs) is the fundamental spatial way to guarantee the ecological safety of urban circles and realize the sustainable development of the socio-economic and ecological environment. Nevertheless, from the perspective of urban green, low-carbon, and ecological restoration, regional safety evaluation still lacks a complete framework integrating ecological elements and social and natural indicators. Moreover, the evaluation method of ESPs also has a lack of judgment on the long-term change dynamics of regional landscape ecological risks and ecosystem service values. Thus, we proposed a new regional ecological security evaluation system based on ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk (LER), using the Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA) as the research object. This study analyzed LER and ESV's spatial and temporal changes over nearly 40 years from 1980 to 2020. LER and LSV were used as ecological elements combined with natural and human-social elements to jointly model the resistance surface of the landscape pattern. Applying the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), we identified green ecological corridors, constructed the ESPs of WUA, and proposed optimization measures. Our results show that: (1) The proportion of higher- and high-ecological-risk areas in WUA has decreased from 19.30% to 13.51% over the past 40 years. Over time, a "low-high-low" hierarchical distribution characteristic centered on Wuhan city was gradually formed in the east, south, and north; the total value of ecosystem services increased from CNY1110.998 billion to CNY1160.698 billion. The ESV was higher in the northeastern, southern, and central parts of the area. (2) This study selected 30 ecological source areas with a total area of about 14,374 km2 and constructed and identified 24 ecological corridors and 42 ecological nodes, forming a multi-level ecological network optimization pattern with intertwined points, lines, and surfaces, increasing the connectivity of the ecological network and improving the ecological security level of the study area to a large extent, which is of great significance to promote the ecological priority and green-rise strategy of WUA and the high-quality development path of the green ecological shelter.

Towards the impact of economic policy uncertainty on food security: Introducing a comprehensive heterogeneous framework for assessment

In recent years, economic policy uncertainty (EPU) has become a topic of increasing interest among policymakers in advanced economies, and food security has become an increasingly essential but contentious term since the global food price spike. Based on a heterogeneous framework, this paper empirically investigates the impact of EPU on food security by utilizing panel data of 25 countries for the period of 1995–2019. This article combines the FAO's definition of food security and improves the food security evaluation system based on the existing data, further establishing secondary indicators of food supply, food access, food utilization, and food stability. The results show that the uncertainty of economic policy has a significant negative impact on food security; the results of adjustment effect show that both the fluctuation of grain price and the dependence on foreign trade enhance the inhibition of economic policy uncertainty on food security. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the uncertainty of economic policy has a greater negative impact on the food security of developed countries and food exporting countries. To ensure the world's food security, governmental authorities must strengthen policy support for grain production, concentrate capital investment in grain production, and ensure self-sufficiency in domestic grain production. At the same time, we should also build diversified grain import channels to ensure the stability and sustainability of import sources. In the future, governments should strengthen international cooperation on food security, build a community of human food security, and promote fair and free food trade.

Retracted: Construction of Digital Economy Trade Security Evaluation System Based on Computational Intelligence.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5914561.].

Retracted: Information System Security Evaluation Algorithm Based on PSO-BP Neural Network.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/6046757.].

Food Security Review Based on Bibliometrics from 1991 to 2021.

Food security is related to human wellbeing and sustainable development and an important guarantee for world peace. In the context of global climate change, increased food demand, resource depletion, conflicts, and frequent public health emergencies, food security is widely seen as one of the top challenges. Food security research has obvious interdisciplinary characteristics, involving a wide range of fields. We analyzed the literature on food security in the Web of Science core collection from 1991 to 2021, using bibliometric methods with the aid of the Biblioshiny software package. By collecting, screening, analyzing, and visually expressing the literature data, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) In the past 30 years, the annual number of publications on food security increased. The period can be divided into three stages: 1991-2003 as the budding period, 2004-2012 as the development period, and 2013-2020 as the high-yield and active period. The top three journals discussing food security issues are Food Security, Sustainability, and Food Policy, and these journals focus on the publication of comprehensive views from interdisciplinary perspectives. (2) Studies on food security cover 138 countries or regions. The top three countries in terms of the number of published articles are the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. Among the top 20 countries in terms of the number of published articles, European countries are highlighted. (3) Climate change, food security, agriculture, policy, and management are the other high-frequency keywords in the field of food security; climate change occurred 321 times. The word sub-Saharan Africa also occurred more frequently, indicating that food security in sub-Saharan Africa has attracted wide attention. (4) The food security theme mapping clearly showed the research status and future development trends of various topics in the field. Currently, food production, climate change, and sustainable development are the most popular themes. Research on food sovereignty, ecological agriculture, child obesity, and other aspects is an emerging field. (5) We predict that in the future, the field of food security may focus on the expansion and improvement of the food security evaluation system, the balance between sustainable development and food security goals, the improvement of agricultural production and management efficiency, and the research on government policies and strategies. Our results provide a reference for grasping the current situation, key research direction, and development trend in the field of food security.

Construction of Digital Economy Trade Security Evaluation System Based on Computational Intelligence.

The upgrading of the digital economy (DE) is crucial to building an intelligent society. The rapid development of computational intelligence in recent years has also brought vitality to the development of the DE. However, with the deepening of international trade, the issue of trade security has become more and more prominent. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a DE trade security evaluation system. For computational intelligence, this study proposes a support vector machine based on improved particle swarm optimization. Such an algorithm can play a key role in the construction of an evaluation system. It is built for the evaluation system. This study selects five indicators of market competitiveness, trade control, trade dependence, market concentration, and trade legal system evaluation. The experimental results of this study prove that the evaluation system proposed in this study is effective. In its test for some countries in the world, the UK trade security index was the highest at 0.582, while China was relatively low at 0.492.