Security Aspects Research Articles

Security and Trust in the 6G Era: Risks and Mitigations

The ubiquitous diffusion of connected devices in every context of the daily life of citizens, public bodies, and companies is stimulating the creation of new applications that require very high wireless communication performances. To fulfill this need, the sixth generation of communication standards (6G) is planned to roll out by 2030. While structuring this new standard, it is crucial to take into account the security aspects given the impact of the technologies that will rely on its reliability and resiliency. In this paper, we provide an overview of the technologies that will be used in 6G to achieve the required functional goals for the development of key applications. Then, we proceed to discuss the threats and the solutions to make the communications infrastructure secure and reliable, and finally, we elaborate on the concept of how to achieve trust in this scenario.

Enhanced Ridesharing Using Directions API and Geolocation

Abstract: In the ever-evolving realm of urban transportation, the fusion of technological advancements and ubiquitous mobile connectivity has sparked a paradigm shift in how cities are navi- gated. This shift has led to innovative approaches in ridesharing and crowdsourcing, offering promising solutions to tackle traffic congestion, reduce emissions, and prioritize travel needs in urbanareas. Unlike traditional carpooling methods, where arrange-ments are made in advance, ridesharing in smart cities operates on real-time matching of drivers and riders, with priority given to factors such as destination and purpose.This study delves into the intricate dynamics of ridesharing and crowdsourcing for smart city transportation, investigating the complex interplay between technology and social factors.Additionally, it considers aspects of security, policy, and pricing strategies to ensure a seamlessand equitable experience for all stakeholders.Drawing insights from comprehensive case studies and practical implementations, this exploration highlights the advantages of ridesharing and crowdsourcing, including the reduction of carbon dioxide emis- sions and the prioritization of travel needs based on purpose. It offers guidance for stakeholders navigating the complexities and embracing the transformative potential of these innovative solutions in shaping the future of urban mobility.

Usability and effectiveness of a telehealth artificial-intelligence powered platform: perspectives from patients and providers in a mixed-methods study.

Telemedicine has revolutionized healthcare by significantly enhancing accessibility. However, the acceptability and uptake of tele-medicine is prone to various hindering factors. Studies have shown that both patients and healthcare providers appreciate the aspect of convenience. However, healthcare providers' limited understanding of or inability to leverage the technology involved can be a barrier. With advancements in telemedicine technologies, understanding the viewpoints of patients and providers is crucial for an effective and acceptable telemedicine service. This study reports findings from a usability study of HelixVM™, a telemedicine platform that uses an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered triage for healthcare delivery. We discuss aspects of asynchronous medicine, healthcare accessibility, saving time, productivity, data exchange, security, privacy, AI-powered triage and quality of care. To assess the usability and effectiveness of the HelixVM marketplace platform. We recruited 102 patients and 12 providers in a mixed-methods study design involving surveys, and in-depth structured interviews with a subset of the providers only. The survey questionnaires are a modified version of the telehealth utility questionnaire. We analyzed the patient's data using descriptive statistics and factor analysis to identify latent demographic patterns. For the providers data, we used a deductive thematic analysis approach to identify key themes from the interviews and interpreted overall sentiments of the providers for negative, neutral or positive. We also calculated percentages of different responses for the providers from the surveys and interviews, where applicable. Patients: Overall, 86% of patients are satisfied with HelixVM and 89% will use the services again. More than 90% of patients agreed that HelixVM improves access to healthcare, saves time and that the platform is an acceptable way to receive healthcare. Chi-square tests demonstrate statistical significance for all the survey questions (p-value <.001). Results from factor analysis show a higher propensity of female gender in middle age groups whose encounter type is fast-track, self-report medium level of tech-savviness and residing in the South regions of US rate the platform more positively. Providers: Thematic analysis identified themes of asynchronous medicine in terms of accessibility and quality of care, time and productivity, integration within the workflow, data exchange and AI-triage. Certain challenges of incomplete data in patient chart and its impact on provider time are cited. Suggestions for improvements include options to ensure completeness of patient questionnaires and better screening to ensure that only asynchronous 'qualified' patients get through to the provider. Overall, our study findings indicate a positive experience for patients and providers. The use of fast-track prescription is favorable as compared to traditional telemedicine. Some concerns on data completeness, gaps and accuracy exist. Suggestions are provided for improvement. This study adds to the knowledgebase of existing literature and provides for a detailed analysis into the real-world implementation of a telemedicine market-place platform.

Health Monitoring Systems for Military Personnel Using Sensor-based Systems

Abstract: The integration of sensor based system and integrated technologies in healthcare has opened new avenues for monitoring and enhancing the health of military personnel, particularly in challengingoperational environments. This review paper explores the evolution, applications, and challengesof health tracking systems for soldiers through the lens of IoT. We delve into the advancements in wearable devices, sensors, and data analytics thatfacilitate concurrent surveillance or immediate tracking and appraisal of vital signs. The paper highlights the significance of these systems in preventing injuries, ensuring timely medical intervention, and optimizing the overall well-being of soldiers during deployments. Key components, such as sensors and communication modules, are discussed, along with the critical aspects of data security and privacy. Case studies exemplify successful implementations, while the paper concludes by outlining challenges and future directions for IoT-based health tracking systems in military contexts.

Advanced Wireless Transmission Using NGROK

Abstract: This project explores the feasibility and practicality of accessing home appliances remotely from anywhere in the world using Ngrok, a secure tunneling service. Leveraging Ngrok's capabilities, users can control various home appliances via the internet, enhancing convenience and accessibility. The study investigates the efficiency and security aspects of such remote access, aiming to provide insights into the potential of Ngrok for widespread adoption in smart home systems. Additionally, considerations are made towards cost-effectiveness and scalability to ensure accessibility to a broad user base.

Online Purchase Intention of Digital Products among University Students

Online shopping is one of the e-commerce platforms. It has gradually become famous worldwide and is expanding quickly in nations because of its continuous changes and upgrades. Most online shoppers are aged 20 and 30. University students have become one of Malaysia's most significant market populations due to the growth of digital educational services. However, it is still unclear what factors drive these university students toward online purchase of digital products. This study examines the relationship between social influence, product preference, system security, perceived pricing, and online purchase intention of digital products among public university students. 227 undergraduate students enrolled in Malaysian public universities were surveyed using a quantitative questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the collected data for this project. The findings of this study demonstrated significant relationships between online purchase intention and social influence, system security, and perceived pricing. According to the analysis results, perceived pricing has the most significant influence on purchasers' intention to purchase online. Hence, service providers should ensure that their product pricing is reasonable and worth the money to purchase. Additionally, marketing strategies can be tailored using e-WOM practices to raise social influence, and the system's security aspects must be enhanced to increase trust and knowledge of the legitimacy of online purchases.

Kebijakan Trans Metro Deli sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Layanan Transportasi Umum di Kota Medan

The Trans Metro Deli policy in Medan City is an effort to improve public transportation services. First, this policy provides an integrated and efficient mass transportation system through a special bus network with routes that cross strategic points in the city of Medan. Second, the adoption of information technology in the operational management of Trans Metro Deli allows users to obtain the latest information regarding bus schedules, routes and conditions in real-time, increasing reliability and user comfort. Apart from that, implementing affordable fares is also an important point in this policy, expanding transportation accessibility for people from various economic layers. Third, the Trans Metro Deli policy also prioritizes safety and security aspects in the use of public transportation by establishing operational standards and strict supervision of the bus fleet and personnel. This has a positive impact on public perception and trust in the service. Furthermore, efforts to improve infrastructure including the development of special bus stops and lanes are also an important part of this policy, ensuring accessibility and efficiency in daily operations. In conclusion, the Trans Metro Deli policy in Medan City is a significant step in improving public transportation services by integrating various aspects such as operational efficiency, use of technology, safety, comfort and accessibility. In this way, it is hoped that it can have a broad positive impact on the mobility and quality of life of city residents.

Impact of Non-Agricultural Employment on Food Security in China’s Old Revolutionary Base Areas

With the growing trend of arable land abandonment, the potential threat to the security of the food supply has sparked public concern. In order to examine the impact of non-agricultural employment on food security, this study builds linear regression models for research based on panel data from counties in China’s old revolutionary base areas. The empirical results show that, although the impact of non-agricultural employment on total grain production is not significant, it has a significant negative impact on both area and productivity, which indicates that non-agricultural employment poses a challenge to food security. In addition, the study examines the potential benefits of non-farm employment on two aspects of food security, including intensive management and the increase of new business entities. Non-farm employment can also significantly promote intensive management, thereby reducing the food-security challenges brought by non-farm employment, while the benefits of new management entities are insignificant. These findings contribute to the optimization of economic policies related to agricultural development, including exploring land property rights reform systems to promote land transfer, strengthening labor quality improvement in the agricultural sector, and formulating supporting policies to stabilize non-agricultural employment in accordance with local conditions.

Impact assessment of sustainable agricultural practices on smallholder households food security: evidence from Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT This study investigates the factors affecting smallholder farmers’ decisions to adopt Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs) and the impacts of single and multiple SAPs adoption on household food security in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through an individual face-to-face survey with 384 farmers. The study used both the multinomial endogenous switching regression and the average treatment effect model complemented with the multivalued inverse probability weighted regression model for the analyses. Results showed that age, education, cooperative membership, farm size, and access to climate and technology information are some socio-economic determinants of farmers’ decisions to adopt SAPs. Several factors can affect the adoption of SAPs and the impact of adopted SAPs on household welfare. Therefore, adopting single or joint SAPs can’t lead to a positive impact on crop yield, income, and further food security, unless implemented in suitable conditions. Also, the adoption of SAPs may enable food diversification and availability but not cover all aspects of food security. Thus, future studies can deeply explore the impact of SAPs on the different dimensions of food security. Our findings advocate for policies that target reducing constraints faced by farmers in successfully implementing SAPs.

Occupational Safety and Health Inspection of Ahmad Dahlan University Main Building Campus IV

This study aims to evaluate the level of occupational safety and health in the Main Building of Campus IV of Ahmad Dahlan University. The methodology used included direct inspection and data collection through questionnaires distributed to officers and building users. The results showed that although most areas in the building have met occupational safety and health standards, there are still some shortcomings that need to be corrected. In particular, the security and safety aspects of officers and equipment require improvement. In addition, regular inspections are needed to ensure the quality of the working environment is maintained. An effective OHS Inspection Program is seen as an important preventive measure to ensure a safe, healthy and secure working environment for all building occupants. The findings are expected to provide recommendations for improving the occupational safety and health system at Campus IV of Ahmad Dahlan University.

Nemzetbiztonság, mint kutatási terület irányai és kilátásai

Aim: The author examines the current state of national security studies/theories/research in Hungary. Their primary objective is to provide a credible diagnosis of which areas of national security studies may need fresh impetus and which areas need only careful attention. Methodology: To this end, the author reviews the areas closely related to national security theory, the possible outlets for the results, and the implications of each academic finding for the everyday work of the national security sphere. To this end, several research methods have been applied in parallel, but primarily the theoretical-logical research toolbox has been used. In comparing the different disciplines, the author has focused on those results that examine aspects of national security activity that are related to its functions. Findings: In reviewing the characteristics of the area of national security studies, the author concluded that there has been a significant shift in several areas since the turn of the century. There are several disciplines that have developed their own methods and perspectives on specific aspects of national security, and police science has been declared as a distinct field of research. In addition, the range of subjects covered has broadened considerably, also due to the entry of new disciplines. Value: But alongside these positive developments, the author also found that there are still areas of research where significant progress could be made.

SECURE &amp; VERIFIABLE E VOTING USING BLOCKCHAIN

In response to the persistent challenges surrounding the aspect of security, verifiability of electronic voting (e-voting) systems, this paper proposes an innovative approach. By incorporating blockchain technology into face recognition authentication, our solution aims to fortify the integrity and transparency of the voting process. Blockchain offers a distributed and immutable ledger, ensuring data integrity, while face recognition authentication offers an additional layer of security. This integrated system establishes a secure and transparent platform for casting and verifying votes, offering a promising solution to the vulnerabilities of traditional e-voting systems. Key Words- Electronic voting, Blockchain technology, Face recognition, Security, Verifiability, Authentication, Transparency, Trust, Democracy.

Speech emotion recognition systems and their security aspects

Speech emotion recognition (SER) systems leverage information derived from sound waves produced by humans to identify the concealed emotions in utterances. Since 1996, researchers have placed effort on improving the accuracy of SER systems, their functionalities, and the diversity of emotions that can be identified by the system. Although SER systems have become very popular in a variety of domains in modern life and are highly connected to other systems and types of data, the security of SER systems has not been adequately explored. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of potential cyber-attacks aimed at SER systems and the security mechanisms that may prevent such attacks. To do so, we first describe the core principles of SER systems and discuss prior work performed in this area, which was mainly aimed at expanding and improving the existing capabilities of SER systems. Then, we present the SER system ecosystem, describing the dataflow and interactions between each component and entity within SER systems and explore their vulnerabilities, which might be exploited by attackers. Based on the vulnerabilities we identified within the ecosystem, we then review existing cyber-attacks from different domains and discuss their relevance to SER systems. We also introduce potential cyber-attacks targeting SER systems that have not been proposed before. Our analysis showed that only 30% of the attacks can be addressed by existing security mechanisms, leaving SER systems unprotected in the face of the other 70% of potential attacks. Therefore, we also describe various concrete directions that could be explored in order to improve the security of SER systems.

Data Security on Cloud Services: Threats and Mitigation

We try to examine the state of cloud computing today and the difficulties in protecting data across several cloud services. The rapid increase in the adoption of public and private cloud services by organizations poses a significant security risk for organizations. We examine various security challenges unique to the cloud environment and various mitigation techniques to deal with the threats. Our paper delves into the collaborative aspect of cloud security, highlighting the shared responsibility model between cloud providers and customers. Additionally, we also investigate various mechanisms adopted by cloud service providers to mitigate security risks. Keywords— Cloud computing, Data threats, Data Protection, Cloud security,

Enhancing Visual Data Security: A Novel FSM-Based Image Encryption and Decryption Methodology

The paper presents a comprehensive exploration of a novel image encryption and decryption methodology, leveraging finite state machines (FSM) for the secure transformation of visual data. The study meticulously evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed encryption algorithm using a diverse image dataset. The encryption algorithm demonstrates high proficiency in obfuscating the original content of images, producing cipher images that resemble noise, thereby substantiating the encryption’s effectiveness. The robustness of the proposed methodology is further evidenced by its performance in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Statistical Test Suite (NIST STS). Such achievements highlight the algorithm’s capability to maintain the stochastic integrity of encrypted data, a critical aspect of data security and confidentiality. Histogram analysis revealed that the encryption process achieves a uniform distribution of pixel values across the encrypted images, masking any identifiable patterns and enhancing the security level. Correlation analysis corroborated the success of the encryption technique, showing a substantial reduction in the correlation among adjacent pixel values, thereby disrupting spatial relationships essential for deterring unauthorized data analysis. This improvement indicates the algorithm’s efficiency in altering pixel patterns to secure image data. Additionally, a comparative analysis of correlation coefficients using various encryption methods on the Lenna image offered insights into the relative effectiveness of different techniques, emphasizing the importance of method selection based on specific security requirements and data characteristics.

Enhancing NOMA Network Security with RIS-UAV Integration: Exploring PPO Technique

In order to improve the security aspects of a nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink network, we investigate the use of the proximal policy optimization (PPO) technique in this study. This network is uniquely augmented with reconfi- gurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The main objective of this article is to prevent possible eavesdroppers from accessing the network while still assuring continuous and secure connectivity for legitimate users. The network configuration includes a UAV outfitted with a RIS, which plays an important role in signal propagation. This work aims to increase the secrecy rates of all user communications in eavesdropping prone locations. By adaptively modifying the phase shifts and power distributions through the RIS the proposed PPO algorithm not only shows adaptability and effectiveness in securing wireless communications, but also highlights the significant advances made in communication system security through this technology.

Securing the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Review of Security Challenges and Artificial Intelligence Solutions

One of the major needs and challenges of this century is the use of cutting-edge technology considering the industry 4.0 revolution. The Internet of Things (IoT) falls in the category of a cutting-edge example of such innovation in the computing and information industry. In IoT compared to classical networking methods practically; every device we employ is accessible at any time from any location. Nevertheless, IoT continues to encounter several security challenges, and the magnitude of cyber-physical security risks is escalating alongside the widespread use of IoT technologies considering Moore’s laws expected to be 30 billion devices by 2025. IoT will continue to face vulnerabilities and risks unless there is a comprehensive understanding and proactive approach towards tackling its security concerns. To ensure both the cyber and physical security of IoT devices during data gathering and sharing, it is imperative to evaluate security considerations, identify instances of cyber-attacks, and implement effective security protocols at multiple layers for making highly secured IoT. Conventional security measures like data classification, strict access controls, monitoring privileged account access, encrypting sensitive data, security awareness training, network segregation, segmentation cloud security, application security, patch management, and physical security employed in the realm of IoT are inadequate in light of the current security difficulties posed by the proliferation of sophisticated attacks and threats. Utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, especially machine and deep learning models is becoming a compelling and effective approach to enhance security of the IoT devices. This research article presents a comprehensive review of the key aspects of IoT security, including the challenges, potential opportunities, and AI-driven solutions. The primary goal of this article is to provide technical resources for cybersecurity experts and researchers working on IoT initiatives.

Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Kebangsaan Bersumber dari Pancasila dan UUD 1945 dalam Meninjau Strategi Manajemen Sekuriti pada PT. PLN (Persero) Guna Meningkatkan Kepuasan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Listrik untuk Menyejahterakan Masyarakat Indonesia

PLN is a state-owned company which operates in the fields of electricity generation, electricity supply, telecommunications, finance and maintenance services. In accordance with the existing electricity supply law, the Indonesian state-owned company which is given the authority to manage the electricity industry, starting from the industrial, housing, business, government office and public street lighting sectors is PT. PLN. Apart from that, PT. PLN is also obliged to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people by fulfilling electricity needs in accordance with the 5th principle of Pancasila. The method used in this research is the literature review journal method. This research is to describe the extent to which national values originating from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution are implemented in PT's security management strategy. PLN to increase satisfaction with meeting the electricity needs of the Indonesian people. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of security management strategies at PT. PLN is based on national values, namely the 5th principle of Pancasila and Law Number 30 of 2009 concerning Electricity Articles 28a and 28b. PT. PLN as a state-owned business actor which is fully obliged and responsible for its design in accordance with existing laws, must ensure that the security management system implemented by this company covers security and safety aspects in its operations.

Security aspects in the implementation of blockchain in payment gateway transactions in Ecuador

This paper explores the security aspects involved in implementing blockchain technology in payment gateway transactions within the Ecuadorian context. Blockchain technology offers numerous security benefits such as data security, immutability, decentralization, authentication, and transparency. These features contribute to enhancing the overall security and trustworthiness of payment transactions. The decentralized nature of blockchain reduces the risk of cyber attacks targeting centralized servers, while its immutability ensures the integrity of transactions. Additionally, authentication mechanisms such as digital signatures and smart contracts help ensure that only authorized parties can participate in and validate transactions. Furthermore, blockchain’s transparency facilitates auditing and compliance with financial regulations. This paper discusses how leveraging blockchain technology can significantly improve security in payment gateway transactions in Ecuador and provides insights into the potential challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation.

Automated passive income from stock market using machine learning and big data analytics with security aspects

Automated passive income from stock market using machine learning and big data analytics with security aspects