Transaction Security Research Articles

CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS DIGITAL TRANSACTION

This study explores the aspects that impact customers' perspectives and actions about digital transactions, specifically in this dynamic economy. The research draws from a comprehensive literature review to synthesize important aspects pertaining to user experience, trust, perceived risk, convenience, socio-demographic factors, innovative drives, regulatory environment, cultural effects, and future trends. The results show that ease and efficiency are the most important factors in driving adoption, even while people still worry about the security of digital transactions and the perceived risks associated with them. Trust also appears as an important component, and it is significantly influenced by user experience and the reputation of service providers. Consumer sentiments are already complicated, and socio-demographic factors like age, income, and digital literacy further complicate matters. A number of factors come into play, including cultural norms, legislative frameworks, emerging technologies, and social shifts towards cashless economies. Legislators and practitioners alike can benefit from the study's findings on how to increase trust, decrease risks, and promote widespread usage of digital transactions. User experience, ease, security, trust, demography, innovation, regulatory environment, cultural effects, and future trends are some of the words and ideas used to define various parts of the digital transaction. Keywords:-Digital, Transaction, Customer, Perception

Smart Unary Multilevel Marketing

The "Raksham" project stands as a cutting-edge Unilevel Marketing platform meticulously engineered to promote and distribute Raksham Ayurvedic health-conscious products. Harnessing a sophisticated amalgamation of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, MySQL, and PHP technologies, Raksham orchestrates a seamless and intuitive interface for interactions between distributors and end-users, redefining the paradigm of online marketing and sales. The Admin Portal emerges as the nerve center of Raksham, furnishing distributors with an array of powerful tools and features to streamline their operations. These include dynamic dashboards that furnish real-time insights into team performance, robust profile management capabilities, streamlined package enrollment processes, agile payment systems for seamless financial transactions, and sophisticated team management functionalities. These tools empower distributors to monitor their business performance meticulously, manage their teams effectively, and orchestrate secure and efficient financial transactions with ease. On the end-user front, Raksham presents a captivating and user-centric interface designed to enhance the shopping experience and foster customer engagement. Through features like intuitive messenger services facilitating seamless communication between users and distributors, comprehensive product catalogs showcasing the diverse range of Raksham products, and streamlined order tracking mechanisms, Raksham ensures that end-users can navigate the platform effortlessly, make informed purchasing decisions, and track their orders with convenience. The strategic integration of these features within Raksham's technological infrastructure not only augments operational efficiencies for distributors but also enhances user satisfaction and engagement among end-users. By leveraging state-of-the-art technologies and a user-centric design philosophy, Raksham solidifies its position as a formidable contender in the realm of Ayurvedic health-conscious products, poised to revolutionize the landscape of online marketing and sales in this domain. Keywords: The Advertising, Business ,Social , Network Service, Internet, Data Mining, Website

Multi-task learning for PBFT optimisation in permissioned blockchains

Finance, supply chains, healthcare, and energy have an increasing demand for secure transactions and data exchange. Permissioned blockchains fulfilled this need thanks to the consensus protocol that ensures that participants agree on a common value. One of the most widely used protocols in private blockchains is the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), which tolerates up to one-third of Byzantine nodes, performs within partially synchronous systems, and has superior throughput compared to other protocols. It has, however, an important bandwidth consumption: 2N(N−1) messages are exchanged in a system composed of N nodes to validate only one block.It is possible to reduce the number of consensus participants by restricting the validation process to nodes that have demonstrated high levels of security, rapidity, and availability. In this paper, we propose the first database that traces the behavior of nodes within a system that performs PBFT consensus. It reflects their level of security, rapidity, and availability throughout the consensus. We first investigate different Single-Task Learning (STL) techniques to classify the nodes within our dataset. Then, using Multi-Task Learning (MTL) techniques, the results are much more interesting, with classification accuracies over 98%. Integrating node classification as a preliminary step to the PBFT protocol optimizes the consensus. In the best cases, it is able to reduce the latency by up to 94% and the communication traffic by up to 99%.

Blockchain for real estate provenance: an infrastructural step toward secure transactions in real estate E-Business

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving digital era, the growing trend of conducting real estate e-business transactions through online platforms has led to escalated challenges in ensuring transactional security and trust. These challenges underscore the importance of balancing transparency with data privacy and enhancing accountability in this field. As an extension of our previously published work (Abualhamayl AJ, Almalki MA, Al-Doghman F, Alyoubi AA, Hussain FK (2023) Towards fractional NFTs for joint ownership and provenance in real estate. In: 2023 IEEE international conference on e-business engineering (ICEBE), p. 143–8. 10.1109/ICEBE59045.2023.00022.), this paper introduces the Global Real Estate Platform (GREP), a novel hybrid blockchain system that utilizes real estate provenance to establish a secure and trustworthy environment for real estate e-business, specifically focusing on two key challenges: ensuring data authenticity and effectively managing access rights. Integral to GREP's design is the involvement of government entities, which is essential for maintaining the required balance between transparency, privacy, and high levels of accountability. This proposed framework is explained conceptually and demonstrated practically, offering an innovative perspective on the integration of hybrid blockchain technology in the real estate system. Furthermore, our research encompasses a detailed implementation, using various tools, and an in-depth examination of three use cases. This combined analysis effectively demonstrates GREP's efficacy in addressing the targeted challenges in the field. While acknowledging the system's limitations, including challenges in user adoption and performance variability under different network conditions, our findings open new avenues for further exploration, such as landlords' payment histories and utility bills, and using blockchain as a secondary user identifier. These features collectively highlight the transformative potential of blockchain technology in real estate e-business.

A Novel Method of Fake Signature Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques

In today's digital world, making sure signatures are real is super important. Sometimes, though, people fake signatures, causing problems for money and legal stuff. This research looks into fixing this issue by finding a new way to catch fake signatures. We know that nowadays, a lot of things happen online, like signing documents and doing money stuff, and we need to make sure signatures are real. This paper introduces a fresh perspective by leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), a deep learning technique. The objective is to enable the CNN model to autonomously learn and distinguish genuine signatures from counterfeits, offering a dynamic and adaptive solution to the evolving landscape of forgery. The research encompasses the development and application of a novel signature detection model, highlighting its adaptability and effectiveness. Through experimentation with diverse datasets and the optimization of hyperparameters, the approach aims to significantly enhance the accuracy of fake signature detection. The outcome of this research holds the promise of bolstering the security of digital transactions and contributing to the evolution of more robust signature verification systems. Keywords: Forged Signature, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Digital Transactions, Signature Authentication

Machine learning based on reinforcement learning for smart grids: Predictive analytics in renewable energy management

This paper introduces a groundbreaking approach to energy management in smart cities, leveraging deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and secured blockchain technology. The escalating demand for energy in urban areas necessitates intelligent solutions that optimize energy usage while ensuring data security and integrity. Our proposed technique integrates DRL algorithms with blockchain technology to achieve optimal energy management while addressing security concerns. The core innovation lies in the development of a DRL framework that dynamically adapts to changing energy demands and environmental factors. By continuously learning and optimizing energy allocation strategies, our approach enhances resource utilization efficiency and reduces wastage, contributing to sustainable smart city initiatives. Additionally, the incorporation of blockchain technology ensures data immutability, transparency, and secure transactions within the energy management system. We validate the effectiveness of our method through extensive simulations and real-world experiments, demonstrating significant improvements in energy efficiency, cost savings, and security compared to traditional approaches. Our research paves the way for future advancements in smart city infrastructure, offering a scalable and robust solution for optimal energy management with heightened security measures.

Security aspects in the implementation of blockchain in payment gateway transactions in Ecuador

This paper explores the security aspects involved in implementing blockchain technology in payment gateway transactions within the Ecuadorian context. Blockchain technology offers numerous security benefits such as data security, immutability, decentralization, authentication, and transparency. These features contribute to enhancing the overall security and trustworthiness of payment transactions. The decentralized nature of blockchain reduces the risk of cyber attacks targeting centralized servers, while its immutability ensures the integrity of transactions. Additionally, authentication mechanisms such as digital signatures and smart contracts help ensure that only authorized parties can participate in and validate transactions. Furthermore, blockchain’s transparency facilitates auditing and compliance with financial regulations. This paper discusses how leveraging blockchain technology can significantly improve security in payment gateway transactions in Ecuador and provides insights into the potential challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation.

Theoretical Evaluation and Application of Case Law Teaching in General Principles of Commercial Law

The General Principles of Commercial Law is a general summary and abstraction of the normative system of commercial law, which is of great guiding significance for the rules of adjudication of disputes in commercial practice in reality, and the lack of general commercial law norms makes the research and teaching of the General Theory of Commercial Law particularly important. The study of general commercial law is undoubtedly of more fundamental significance than the study of specific areas of commercial law. With the development of social economy, commercial law embodies more and more technical and practical, and the cultivation of commercial legal talents is more and more oriented to the employment demand, case study teaching has advantages in the teaching of general commercial law and should be emphasized. In the case teaching of general commercial law, the irrevocability of securities trading results can clearly reflect the style of commercial law to protect the security of transactions. The proportion and priority of case teaching in the teaching of general commercial law should be emphasized.

Secure pharmaceutical supply chain using blockchain in IoT cloud systems

Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems require time sequencing, coordination and tracking the movement of goods and processes. Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain technologies are useful to develop a secure automated SCM. IoT devices with in-built sensors and actuators help to keep track of the state, location, temperature or other parameters of an entity, and control the automation of routine as well as hazardous tasks. Blockchain technology supports time-stamping, authentication, process coordination, non-repudiation, commercial transactions, and also provides security for transactions and storage. The pharmaceutical SCM demands accurate, immediate and secure control system. Additionally, the supply chain process data from IoTs is stored and processed in Cloud by Analytics applications, for business planning and improvement. An efficient and secure IoT-Cloud-Blockchain based system for both SCM automation and analytics has been proposed in this work. It leverages a hierarchical IoT, Mist, Edge, Fog, Cloud computing (IMEFC) architecture to enhance Communication-Response-Compute-Security-Storage (CRCSS) in the system. Blockchain technology provides security for the SCM transactions and data. The efficiency of the Blockchain is measured in terms of upload time, download time and transaction fees for Bitcoin, Ethereum and Filecoin platforms. The Filecoin blockchain platform is quicker and cost-effective for larger file sizes, compared to Ethereum and Bitcoin, making it suitable for Pharmaceutical SCM systems.

Development of a Blockchain System for Licensing Services for Nigerian Communications Commission

Digital assets face threats like unauthorized duplication, breaching intellectual property rights. Software licensing safeguards developers' rights and users' interests. However, traditional methods encounter challenges such as fraud, piracy, and lack of transparency. This study aims to enhance licensing using blockchain. Blockchain's decentralized system ensures encrypted, secure, and transparent transactions, potentially improving efficiency and security. The research proposes a novel approach using the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) as a case study, comprising token-based, hash-based, and smart contracts-based licensing. NCC issues certificates for Telecom services, with each license identified by numbers. Smart contracts automate the licensing process, enforcing terms and conditions. The study examines blockchain's benefits and challenges, including decentralization and trust. It contributes to software license management by leveraging blockchain's advantages.

UPAYA PREVENTIF CEGAH KEJAHATAN SIBER DAN PENYALAHGUNAAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK MELALUI SOSIALISASI UU ITE

Cyber security is a crucial aspect in today's digital era, especially with the increasing use of electronic transactions in various sectors of society. Through a community service approach, this programme implements a series of counseling activities, and a cybersecurity awareness campaign in Sukun Sub-district. This activity aims to increase cyber security awareness and electronic transactions in Sukun Sub-district, Malang City. The methods used include seminars and distribution of educational materials. Evaluation was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the programme in improving the knowledge and behavior of the community regarding cyber security and electronic transactions. The results of the activity evaluation questionnaire showed a significant increase in community understanding and awareness of cybersecurity threats and steps that can be taken to protect themselves when conducting electronic transactions. In conclusion, the community service approach is an effective strategy in increasing cybersecurity awareness and electronic transactions in Sukun Sub-district, Malang City. It is hoped that this activity can make a positive contribution in creating a safer and more trusted digital environment for the community.

Leveraging Blockchain for Maritime Port Supply Chain Management through Multicriteria Decision Making

This research investigates the optimal integration of Blockchain Technology (BT) in Supply Chain Management (SCM) within Chile’s maritime ports. Utilizing fuzzy Logarithmic Methodology of Additive Weights (LMAW) and Double Normalization-based Multiple Aggregation Methods (DNMA), the study systematically identifies, prioritizes, and ranks key factors influencing BT adoption in SCM. The study’s findings highlight crucial factors like enhanced transaction security, good supply chain practices, and risk management. Furthermore, it ranks the application of ports as prime candidates for BT integration. The research contributes theoretically by developing a hybrid model combining MCDA methods, and practically by guiding the strategic application of BT in the maritime logistics sector, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0. This paper presents a novel approach that explores the utilization of BT in maritime supply chain management, incorporating MCDA in a vague environment. The research gap of this study lies in defining new contexts in both theoretical and practical literature reviews for extending the use of BT in SCM in the ports of Chile, according to Industry 5.0, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of operations in these places. The contribution of this research is applying hybrid MCDA methods in an uncertain environment to assist decision-makers (DMs) in better implementing BT in SCM in Chilean ports, according to Industry 5.0.

Snap-shop - An E-commerce Website

In the ever-evolving landscape of e-commerce, this research paper explores the transformative impact of four pivotal features: multimodal search, image-to-result technology, aug- mented reality (AR), and payment gateways. Multimodal search enhances product discovery through text and image inputs, breaking down barriers in the online shopping experience. Image- to-result technology bridges the gap between online and offline retail by enabling image-based product searches. Augmented reality revolutionizes product engagement, offering customers the ability to visualize products in their real-world environments. Payment gateways ensure secure and seamless transactions, safe- guarding the foundation of e-commerce. Through an examination of research, practical applications, and case studies, this paper provides insights into the current state and future potential of these e-commerce features. In a concise format, it offers valuable knowledge for businesses, researchers, and technology enthusiasts striving to harness the full potential of the e-commerce landscape. Index Terms—E-Commerce, Internet, Self-service, Technology, Internet banking, Marketing, Business.

Enhancing Global Blockchain Privacy via a Digital Mutual Trust Mechanism

Blockchain technology, initially developed as a decentralized and transparent mechanism for recording transactions, faces significant privacy challenges due to its inherent transparency, exposing sensitive transaction data to all network participants. This study proposes a blockchain privacy protection algorithm that employs a digital mutual trust mechanism integrated with advanced cryptographic techniques to enhance privacy and security in blockchain transactions. The contribution includes the development of a new dynamic Byzantine consensus algorithm within the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance framework, incorporating an authorization mechanism from the reputation model and a proof consensus algorithm for robust digital mutual trust. Additionally, the refinement of homomorphic cryptography using the approximate greatest common divisor technique optimizes the encryption process to support complex operations securely. The integration of a smart contract system facilitates automatic and private transaction execution across the blockchain network. Experimental evidence demonstrates the superior performance of the algorithm in handling privacy requests and transaction receipts with reduced delays and increased accuracy, marking a significant improvement over existing methods.

Transaction Security and Management of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts in E-Banking-Employing Microsegmentation and Yellow Saddle Goatfish

The process security of money transactions is considered an important issue in e-banking. Additionally, it is an enormous problem if never controlled. particular, security should be a combination of fast and sturdy characteristics, which is the subject of previous studies suffered from. Our research attempts to improve the system in which banks deal with the security of financial transactions. This research leverages the idea of microsegmenting the entire system into designated zones to concentrate on security, where each zone has its own rules and limitations. These rules are managed by a smart contract, which decides whether they have been observed to verify the legitimacy of the customer. First, the two-phase commit algorithm (2PC) was used to specify the type of e-banking request. After this, the microsegmentation principle was applied to isolate each type of e-transaction process alone in a separate segment. Then, the yellow saddle goatfish algorithm (YSGA) was used to determine whether the smart contract conditions were optimized. Finally, if the customer is authorized, then the entire transaction process is saved in the blockchain's main ledger and secured by a unique hash. The blockchain application makes our system capable of dealing with large numbers of users in a decentralized manner. In addition, using a hash with each block prevents fraudulent transactions by adversaries. Our system has been examined against several recent well-known assaults/attacks, such as falsification, advanced persistent threat, bribery, spoofing, double spending, chosen text, race, and transaction replay attacks, and has proven to overcome them. In terms of the performance evaluation, we obtained an execution time of approximately 0.0056 nanoseconds, 3.75% complexity, and 1500 KB of memory and disk drive, which is considered low compared to that of state-of-the-art research. Thus, our proposed system is highly acceptable for banking sector applications.

Efficient and secure privacy protection scheme and consensus mechanism in MEC enabled e-commerce consortium blockchain

The application of blockchain technology to the field of e-commerce has solved many dilemmas, such as low transparency of transactions, hidden risks of data security and high payment costs. Mobile edge computing(MEC) can provide computational power for blockchain, and can meet the demand for high real-time and low latency in e-commerce transaction systems. However, there are still some constraints in the MEC enabled e-commerce consortium blockchain, such as the leakage of user privacy information, low security of consensus algorithm and other security issues. In this paper, we propose a secure transaction model suitable for MEC enabled e-commerce consortium blockchain, aiming to ensure the efficiency of system transaction processing while improving the security of users’ privacy information and transaction data. The model adopts the lightweight Paillier encryption algorithm to protect the security of user privacy information and transaction data to prevent the leakage of user privacy information, and optimizes the security of leader election phase of Raft consensus algorithm by introducing the shamir secret sharing protocol to improve the anti-Byzantine failure capabilities of Raft consensus algorithm. The effectiveness of the scheme proposed in this paper is demonstrated by experimental simulations.

The phenomenon of the rise of online transactions: A case study Tokopedia.com and Bukalapak.com sharia perspective

This present research seeks to determine the performance of dropshipper on Bukalapak.com and Tokopedia.com sites viewed from the sharia perspective. This research deployed the qualitative method using the fiqh muamalah point of view. The approach was selected to enable the researchers to investigate dropshipper behavior and the case from Islamic law. The results of this research show that the existence of Tokopedia.com and Bukalapak.com is very obliging as it eases the way people carry out transactions, provides security in online transactions, and dropshipping model used by the two platforms is a solution for those who want to open a business with less capital. However, the dropshipper must also understand the types of transaction models to avoid the prohibited transaction. Items sold through the system must not change either in size, shape, or nature, and the dropshipper must be a guarantor when complaints arose. If all criteria are fulfilled, the business system is deemed relevant and appropriate to develop viewed from sharia perspective.

Enhancing Blockchain Security and Efficiency through FPGA-Based Consensus Mechanisms and Post-Quantum Cryptography

Introduction: Blockchain technology has revolutionized data management and transaction recording, extending its application beyond cryptocurrencies to various sectors, including Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) Method: This distributed ledger technology offers a transparent, immutable, and secure transaction platform, reducing the risk of data tampering and increasing resistance to attacks. However, challenges such as performance, scalability, and security continue to exist; these challenges are particularly concerning consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW). Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) present a promising solution to enhance the efficiency and security of blockchain consensus mechanisms. Result: This study explores the implementation of blockchain in embedded systems using FPGAs and discusses the post-quantum cryptographic algorithms to ensure long-term protection. Conclusion: The research highlights the potential of FPGA-based implementations to revolutionize blockchain applications, emphasizing the need for continuous adaptation and vigilance to address evolving security threats, particularly those posed by quantum computing.

Working of E-Ticketing for Public Buses

The transition from manual, cash-based ticketing procedures to a cutting-edge digital system represents a pivotal advancement in modernizing India's public bus transportation. This research paper delves into the working model of e-ticketing for public buses, aimed at addressing long-standing challenges of wait times, operational hurdles, and inefficiencies inherent in traditional systems. By leveraging state-of-the-art digital technology, this initiative aims to revolutionize the public transportation experience, enhancing security, convenience, and operational efficiency for both administrators and passengers. Thus, to provide an agile and smooth ticketing experience, we have proposed the smart application. [4] Key objectives of this research include the elimination of manual cash transactions, reduction of wait times, and mitigation of operational inefficiencies. Through the implementation of a digital ticketing system, the paper explores how transaction processes are streamlined, providing passengers with a seamless interface for ticket purchases. Not only does this innovation enhance transaction security, but it also fosters a more agile and responsive public bus transportation system. The research assesses the tangible benefits of the digital ticketing solution, highlighting its role in increasing passenger flexibility and reducing congestion through shorter wait times and improved traffic flow. Real-time data analytics are examined as a critical tool for administrators, enabling enhanced resource allocation and informed decision-making processes. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the working model of e-ticketing for public buses, offering insights into its functionality, implementation challenges, and the transformative impact it has on India's public transport sector. By promoting a more sophisticated and user-friendly framework, the research underscores the potential of digital ticketing solutions to redefine the landscape of public transportation, paving the way for a more efficient and accessible urban mobility system in India. Key Word: E-ticketing, Public buses, Digital technology, Operational efficiency, Urban mobility

Cloud Enabled e-Banking Payment Security Implementation using Blockchain Technology

Cloud computing has revolutionized the banking industry by offering flexible and flexible products for the delivery of electronic banking services. However, due to the sensitivity of the central authority, ensuring the security of online transaction is still a critical issue. In this context, blockchain technology is promising by offering decentralization, transferability and cryptographic security. This article presents a new way to increase the security of electronic banking payments by combining blockchain technology with cloud computing. The system plans to use the cloud to host business applications and services, and use blockchain to securely record and verify transactions. Smart contracts are used to streamline the payment process and manage transactions, providing transparency and trust. Additionally, encryption technology is used to encrypt sensitive information and protect the user's identity. Using this solution provides many benefits, including improving the security, transparency and efficiency of electronic banking. Research articles and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed process in real life. Overall, the integration of blockchain technology with cloud banking provides a solution to solve security issues and increase the reliability of online payments.