Sector Of Ukraine Research Articles

Problems of ensuring the economic security of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of the legal regime of the martial law

Purpose. Consideration of the problems of ensuring economic security and stability of the functioning of economic entities of the agrarian sector in Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, as well as determining the prospects for the development of their activities in the post-war period. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is scientific concepts, theoretical developments of leading scientists on the issues of economic security of economic entities. General scientific and special research methods were used to achieve the set goal: observation, analysis and synthesis, a comprehensive approach – in the generalization and improvement of the main theoretical provisions and methodical principles of economic security; system approach – when studying the features of the system of development of management measures that ensure reduction of the negative impact of risks caused by threats to economic security. Findings. The importance of ensuring the economic security and stability of the economic activity of agricultural enterprises has been actualized during crisis situations in the economy of Ukraine, in particular, the conditions of their activity under the legal regime of martial law. Under the existing situation, it is important to ensure the stability of the agricultural sector and its ability to develop and increase the volume of agricultural production, regardless of changes in external or internal factors that may negatively affect the country's economy. Originality. The main problems of ensuring the economic security and stability of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of martial law are substantiated, and the prerogatives of the development of their activities in the post-war period are determined. Practical value. The developed recommendations on the identification of threats to the economic security of economic entities will allow creating conditions for identifying real and forecasting potential economic threats in the activities of agricultural enterprises, finding ways to level their consequences, developing and implementing management measures that ensure the sustainable development of agricultural formations.

МЕТОДИ ОЦІНКИ СТАНУ ТА ДИНАМІКИ РОЗВИТКУ НЕУРЯДОВИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ

The article is devoted to the analysis of common methodologies for evaluating the activities of civil society organizations (CSOs). The main two areas of assessment of the sector of the Romanian society are analyzed, namely, a general assessment of the state of development of CSOs in a certain geographical region, which involves a broad study of the landscape of civil society in a specific country or region, which makes it possible to understand the general state and functioning of the sector and the assessment of the activities of individual CSOs. which focuses on the performance and impact of specific organizations or groups of organizations, allowing for a more detailed and individual understanding of their performance. Generalized stages of general assessment, which can be adapted to different types of research, have been studied and defined. The assessment of the overall viability of the civil society sector in Ukraine during 2018–2022 was carried out using the analysis of the Civil Society Organizations Sustainability Index (CSOSI), the most optimal quantitative indicator for the general assessment of the civil society sector, which showed an improvement in the general indicator of the viability of the civil society sector on average by 3% and its individual aspects. Thus, as of 2021, Ukrainian CSOs are at the stage of «sustainability development», which means a sufficiently high level of viability of the sector, as well as a high potential for development. The state of activity of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Ukraine during the war was studied. The main problems most often indicated by organizations are the need for financing (in particular, administrative costs), insufficient material and technical infrastructure, emotional burnout, shortage of human resources and insufficient cooperation with local authorities. New organizations established in 2022-2023 were the most affected by the financial shortfall, while those established since 2001 were the least affected. In a significant number of organizations, there was a lack of specialized professional positions.

Assessing Competitive Advantages and Challenges of the Ukrainian Tech Ecosystem during Wartime

The aim of the article is to identify the competitive advantages and key obstacles hindering the development of the technology sector in Ukraine during the period of martial law, as well as to develop potential scenarios for further development of the innovation ecosystem of Ukraine and appropriate strategies for implementation in each of the scenarios. An additional area of analysis is to test the hypothesis about the key role of investment in stimulating innovation. The study used general statistical and economic approaches, in particular, visual, scenario and correlation analysis. Within the framework of the study, it was demonstrated that the competitive advantages of the innovation ecosystem of Ukraine are a strong research and educational base, a high level of professionalism and technical skills of IT specialists, creativity and a number of innovative technological products. Among the main problems hindering its development are the level of stability of the institutional and regulatory environment, limited access to financial resources and lack of investment. It also confirmed the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of investment in research and development (R&D) and the number of patents registered. The results of the study can be used to develop appropriate approaches to strategic analysis, in particular in terms of developing scenarios for the development of Ukrainian startups in the face of unprecedented risks, such as the period of martial law. Prospects for further research on this topic are a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the impact of the implementation of programs for financing and stimulating investment in Ukrainian startups on the indicators of innovative development of the technological ecosystem of Ukraine. A separate research task is to develop a road-map for effective institutional changes necessary to ensure a favorable regulatory and business environment for Ukrainian startups based on international experience.

Analysis of approaches to the use of intermediate crops as feedstock for biomethane production in Ukraine

The wide use of renewable energy sources, in particular biomass, makes a significant contribution to the decarbonization of the energy and transport sectors. Today, one of the most promising directions for the development of European and Ukrainian bioenergy is the production and consumption of biomethane. Biomethane can be used both, as a direct substitute for natural gas in the production of heat and electricity, and as motor fuel. The priority development of biogas/biomethane production is indicated in the European Green Deal, which the EU has been following since the end of 2019. Special attention is paid to the issues of sustainable development of bioenergy, including the use of sustainable feedstock for obtaining all types of biofuels. Because of this, the new version of the EU Renewable Energy Directive of 2023 (RED III) strengthened the sustainability requirements for the production of liquid biofuels and biogas for transport. One of the sustainable types of feedstocks for the production of biomethane can be biomass of intermediate crops, which are plants that are grown in the time interval free from the cultivation of main crops in the crop rotation. All the mentioned issues are relevant and important for Ukraine as a member of the Energy Community and a potential member of the EU, which will join the implementation of the European Green Deal in the future. The purpose of the work is to assess the potential of biomethane production from intermediate crops in Ukraine and to develop some preliminary recommendations for the development of this sector. The assessment of the potential was carried out using the conservative approach described in the study by experts of Ghent University (Belgium). It is assumed that 20% of the total sown area can be allocated for the cultivation of intermediate crops. The obtained results show that even with a conservative approach, the potential for biomethane production from intermediate crops is the largest component of the total potential for obtaining biomethane from various feedstocks in Ukraine, namely 9.29 billion m3 CH4/y, which is 47% of the total potential. This points to very good prospects for the development of this bioenergy sector in the country. When elaborating preliminary recommendations for the introduction of biomethane production from intermediate crops in Ukraine, main principles of Biogasdoneright, the European model of sustainable agriculture development were taken into account. Ukraine’s natural-climatic and soil-water conditions have been analysed from the viewpoint of possibility and effectiveness of growing intermediate crops for bioenergy. Some types of agricultural crops for sequential cultivation and possible crop rotations have been suggested. The directions of further research, scientific and practical work necessary for the development of this bioenergy sector in Ukraine have been determined.

Пріоритети та інструментарій зміцнення фінансової безпеки сектора малого підприємництва в умовах нестабільності

The article updates the issues of ensuring financial security and stability of the entities of the small business sector in Ukraine in the conditions of critically acute instability caused by the consequences of the ongoing full-scale war. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priorities and tools for strengthening the financial security of the small business sector of Ukraine in conditions of instability. The goal of the State policy of strengthening the financial security of the small business sector of Ukraine in the conditions of wartime and instability should be the systematic improvement of the business environment of entrepreneurial activity in the context of minimizing financial challenges and threats, improving the financial and resource provision and the financial and economic condition of small business entities, ensuring the development and capitalization of this sector of the economy. New challenges and threats to the financial security of small business entities of Ukraine in the conditions of wartime have been identified, namely, a decrease in the solvent demand of the population, a narrowing of the capacity of domestic demand for consumer goods and services and a reduction in income, an increase in the cost of resources, an increase in the cost price and a decrease in the level of economic profitability, difficulties with logistics and transportation of goods, etc. It has been proven that the achievement of this goal will be facilitated by the implementation of a system of strategic priorities, namely: improving the financial and credit support of small businesses; formation of a system of investment support for development projects of small business entities; expansion of monetary and lending opportunities; de-shadowing of the capital of small business entities and restructuring of their debt obligations; small business effectivization through the growth of the sector of innovative and technologically active entrepreneurship; implementing the potential of the insurance sector in mitigating the financial risks of small business entities.

ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ НЕБАНКІВСЬКИХ ФІНАНСОВИХ УСТАНОВ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The stability and development of the country's financial sector is determined by the presence of a well-developed network of non-bank financial institutions. The latter include financial and insurance companies. The purpose of the article is to assess the activities of non-bank financial institutions, identify the advantages and disadvantages of their activities and develop proposals for improving their performance in the context of current challenges. The article analyses the current challenges facing the financial intermediary market, which require an immediate response. It presents the dynamics of the financial sector in Ukraine and analyses its changes since the beginning of the Russian aggression. It is found that the war has created additional risks for non-bank financial institutions, such as the risk of client insolvency, the risk of changes in legislation and regulation, the risk of falling asset prices, rising inflation and exchange rate depreciation. This may lead to increased losses and reduced financial stability of non-bank financial institutions, negatively affecting their liquidity and solvency. Proposals are made to improve the activities of non-bank financial institutions in the face of current challenges, in particular: the market of non-bank financial institutions should adhere to high standards of corporate governance and transparency, which will have a positive impact on the level of confidence in the market and give it an additional impetus for development; adhere to the Strategy for the Development of the Financial Sector of Ukraine until 2025, as the current military-political situation has made adjustments that need to be taken into account; the system of regulation and supervision of the non-bank sector should be improved. In market segments where there are no EU standards, national standards based on international experience will be introduced. It is noted that non-bank financial institutions should continue to actively develop their activities, improve and develop new products and services of interest to consumers. Non-bank financial institutions play a particularly important role for large companies which, due to the nature of their activities, have business contacts with many counterparties with which it is technically impossible to settle without the assistance of financial intermediaries.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АУТСОРСИНГУ ДЛЯ ЗМІЦНЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПОЗИЦІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КОМПАНІЙ НА ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ РИНКУ

The article examines the use of outsourcing as a strategy for strengthening the competitive positions of Ukrainian companies on the global market. The key role of outsourcing in industrialized countries, where it contributes to increasing production efficiency and international competitiveness, is analyzed. It is noted that outsourcing has become an important factor of economic progress in the USA, Japan, Germany and other countries, stimulating innovation and cost optimization. In contrast, the Ukrainian market is developing more slowly, with enterprises that prefer traditional business models, ignoring outsourcing due to the lack of a detailed scientific base and lack of information about successful initiatives in this area. The article describes the history of outsourcing in Ukraine and its impact on the IT industry. Outsourcing has become one of the leading fields in the world thanks to steady progress and early involvement in digital innovation. The state of the IT sector in Ukraine for 2023 is highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the growth of the number of IT private entrepreneur and the preservation of stable growth of the industry even in times of war. This article highlights the importance of outsourcing to the national economy and its international development. The change in the geographical distribution of outsourcing IT companies expanding their presence beyond the boundaries of large cities is outlined. The analysis shows that such companies are widespread not only in megacities, but also actively integrate into smaller cities and regions, which provides additional opportunities for local economic growth. Statistical data on the number of IT specialists and the distribution of IT export revenues are given, which emphasize the depth of the Ukrainian IT sector and its ability to compete on the global market. It is noted that most of the services are aimed at foreign markets, with an emphasis on high popularity among countries such as the USA and Great Britain. The growth of interest in various IT services and the need for further support of the sector through education and the development of the domestic market are also characterized. The article highlights the potential for expanding Ukrainian outsourcing and strengthening its role as a key player on the world stage.

Correlation of the distribution of cashless banking transactions and certain macroeconomic indicators in Ukraine

This article is devoted to outlining current trends in the cashless banking sector in Ukraine and exploring the correlations between the spread of cashless banking transactions and certain macroeconomic indicators (including gross domestic product per capita) to improve the methodology for studying the cashless activities of banks and forming effective mechanisms for their further development. The study employs special quantitative methods, including statistical and correlation analysis, which characterize the relationships between the spread of cashless banking transactions and certain macroeconomic indicators. The dynamics of changes in the share of cash and cashless transactions in Ukraine over recent years are described. The current state of development of cashless banking transactions, as well as their structure by quantity and amounts, is characterized. The correlations between the volumes of cashless banking transactions and GDP per capita are substantiated using statistical correlation analysis methods. A schematic representation of the algorithm of the identified correlation relationships between the studied indicators and their impact on the stable economic development of the country is provided. The relationships between the volumes of the shadow economy in the country and its cashless sector are described: an increase in the share of cashless payments in the economy contributes to a reduction in the level of the shadow economy and an increase in state revenues, which stimulates further economic development and recovery of the country. The main problems with the spread of cashless banking transactions are outlined: the high level of the shadow economy in Ukraine, the instability of the economic situation and the energy system of our country, especially in wartime conditions, as well as the low level of financial inclusion and financial-digital literacy of the Ukrainian population. It is noted that Ukrainian online banking is less bureaucratic and requires less time for use and transactions than European online banking. On the other hand, it is less secure due to the enhanced authentication and increased security measures of European online banking. Potential ways for the further popularization of cashless banking transactions in Ukraine are identified, including the optimization of their positive impact on the sustainable economic development of the country.

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION PROCESS IN THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF IT SPHERE ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the priority of increasing the management efficiency of innovative process of IT sphere as a factor contributing to the Ukraine’s economic growth taking into account the current opportunities and limitations.The study substantiated that maintaining a competitive advantage in the innovation space through the development of digitalization processes in Ukraine requires continuous improvement of the management of the innovative process in the IT sphere, and increasing the efficiency of implementing new technical, organizational and marketing solutions. It is shown that under the influence of an unstable external environment, there is a need to develop and implement a management system that would provide an opportunity to obtain competitive advantages in the IT sphere and maintain a competitive position of the Ukrainian IT business in the market. The priority of development is long-term growth, the driving force of development is innovation and modern technologies, as well as highly qualified human and institutional capital. At the same time, traditional factors of production (land, natural resources, labour) are losing their importance. The basic priorities of managing the innovation development of the IT sphere have been determined. The implementation of an innovation policy in the IT sector of Ukraine, based on the current opportunities and constraints, will ensure a systematic and sustainable increase in the efficiency of innovative development in this area and will contribute to the increase of the national economy of Ukraine.The results of the study should be implemented for the development of the theory and methodology of innovative development at the macro- and meso-levels, as well as in stimulating model of innovative process in Ukraine based on the status of its leading economic sectors, in particular, the IT sphere.

Statistics of Industrial Protectionism. Part I: The Formation of Organizational and Institutional Mechanisms

Numerous decisions made by the Ukrainian government in the conditions of a state of war require high-quality data. Among the identified priorities for the recovery of the domestic economy is the development of strategic industries, the implementation of which will necessitate new state decisions, along with statistical data to assess their outcomes. Historical parallels between the situation at the beginning of the 20th century and recent events serve as the basis for the assumption that the answer to the question of "How to accelerate the economic recovery of Ukraine?" should be sought not in the analysis of contemporary policies in developed countries but primarily in the investigation of retrospective mechanisms that facilitated the growth of existing industries and the creation of new ones. The aim of the article is to examine historical facts related to the implementation of industrial protectionism in the challenging conditions of war and post-war recovery in Great Britain. It seeks to identify the organizational and institutional mechanisms of the statistical system that facilitated the implementation and assessment of the outcomes of such decisions. Furthermore, the article aims to formulate conclusions that can be applied to Ukraine. It has been established that the First World War was a pivotal moment in the economic policy of Great Britain, directing it towards protectionism. The catalyst for this shift was the realization that critical national industries were in a precarious state due to the lack of imported supplies of various goods, mainly synthetic dyes and chemical ingredients, upon which the economy and security depended. This prompted the country's parliament and government to regulate industry and implement tools of state aid and protection against foreign competitors. Along with this, it led to organizational and institutional changes in the statistical system, as well as shifts in the directions and methodological approaches to monitoring the obtained results and the actual introduction of statistics related to industrial protectionism. It has been demonstrated that historical parallels during the COVID-19 pandemic are evident in terms of both the identified dependencies on the import of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other substances (two-thirds of production concentrated in China) and the government's actions to address the situation and changes in statistics.
 Drawing from the experience of Great Britain, it is justified that the introduction of measures to develop strategic sectors in Ukraine, accompanied by state incentives and protective tariffs, necessitates the modernization of the organizational and institutional mechanisms of the national statistical system. A component of these processes should be the digitization of functions assigned to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, which would allow for obtaining high-quality operational data for both decision-making and evaluating their outcomes.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURE SECTOR WITHIN MARTIAL LAW

The article reinforces the significance of scientific research through the complications of effective state regulation of Ukraine's agricultural sector, both during martial law and in the context of ensuring its long-term development in the post-war period. The fundamental concept of state regulation of the agricultural sector has been characterized. It has been discovered that, in the context of modern social changes, state regulation should act as a mediator in the relationships between the State, economic entities, and the population. Due to the aforementioned, the main purpose of the article is to establish the objective need for state regulation of Ukraine's agricultural sector in general, alongside the particulars of its implementation under martial law. For the determination of this aim, the following research methods were used: supervision, abstraction, scientific generalization and economic evaluation, that gave an opportunity to set forth conclusion. As a result, one of the most fundamental issues for the agricultural sector is determining the optimal combination of state regulation and self-regulation in practice. It is established that the state regulation of the agrarian sector in Ukraine under martial law has its own peculiarities related to the need to ensure national security and the responsibility to provide food for the population. To attain this objective, the author identifies the main points of vulnerability of Ukraine's agricultural sector under martial law and considers agricultural state regulation measures used to mitigate the negative impact of martial law on the state of the agricultural sector in 2023. The research concluded that, in addition to focusing on immediate problems, Ukraine's agricultural sector requires immediate attention and the creation of a long-term strategy for its future development. Furthermore, the following are the main areas of ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the post-war period: restoration of human capital and development of agricultural sector human potential; intensification of investment activity and maximum attraction of direct and indirect financial measures aimed at supporting farmers' economic activities; technological development and gradual restoration of technical capabilities for agricultural sector.

Innovative development of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes....

The article emphasises the importance of European integration for Ukraine, which is positioned as a key step towards approximation to European standards, gaining access to new markets and stimulating economic development. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the transformational potential of innovations in combination with European integration for the future of Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyse the current state of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the innovation sphere and, on this basis, to propose strategies for creating favourable organisational and institutional conditions that would accelerate Ukraine’s integration into the European innovation space. The study uses general scientific methods, including systematic analysis, structural analysis, historical and logical method, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, and systematic generalisation. The article analyses the innovation sector in Ukraine and identifies the challenges that hinder its development: insufficient funding and investment in innovation, lack of effective mechanisms to support start-ups, and an education system that does not give due priority to innovation. The positive impact of European integration on innovation development in Ukraine is highlighted. The authors propose directions for the development of the innovation sector in Ukraine, which focus on strengthening cooperation between business, science and government, developing infrastructure to support innovation and creating incentives for investment in innovation projects. The results of this study are of practical importance for the formation and implementation of a set of organisational and institutional measures that will accelerate the pace of Ukraine’s integration into the European Innovation Area

Development of digital infrastructure and blockchain in Ukraine

Purpose.To determine the role of digital infrastructure in the context of the digital transformation of Ukraine and to analyze the possibilities of applying blockchain technologies. Methodology. To achieve the set goal, various research methods, including analysis and synthesis for illuminating the economic essence of digital infrastructure, were employed as well as statistical methods for analyzing global trends in information and communication technology development. Inductive, deductive, and abstract-logical methods were used to support the conclusions. Findings. The research results encompass several significant findings. Firstly, various definitions of the digital economy were analyzed, leading to the proposal of an original definition that takes into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian context and aligns with contemporary trends in digital technology development. Key sectors of economic activity were highlighted where the implementation of digital technologies holds the greatest potential within the context of digital transformation. Special attention was given to sectors where the use of digital tools can have a decisive impact on the development and competitiveness of enterprises. The authors emphasized strategic tasks and instruments that would facilitate the creation of a conducive environment for the development of the digital economy in Ukraine. Additionally, the essence of blockchain technology was studied, and potential areas of its application in Ukraine were discussed. Significant focus was placed on aspects of ensuring cybersecurity and data protection, which are critical in the context of blockchain utilization. Originality. The introduced original definition of the digital economy places a primary emphasis on the implementation and actual utilization of digital technologies across various spheres of human activity. A comprehensive set of measures for the development of digital infrastructure in Ukraine was proposed, including the enhancement of legislative regulation, creation of favorable conditions for the IT sector to accelerate the adoption and implementation of innovative solutions, development of digital infrastructure, coordination between educational and industrial sectors, nationwide Internet coverage to ensure equal opportunities for all citizens, attracting foreign investments, and utilizing blockchain technology for data protection (a critical aspect of state governance) and the intensification of digitizing administrative and public services. Practical value. The obtained research results can serve as the basis for the creation of necessary institutional frameworks, fostering the further advancement of the information technology sector in Ukraine. This can be particularly beneficial for the development of the production of goods and provision of services geared towards innovation and quality improvement. Establishing an effective digital economy in Ukraine requires not only technological innovations but also appropriate institutional frameworks that support this process. Such development will enhance the country’s competitiveness on the international stage and contribute to the improvement of citizens’ quality of life. Ultimately, the establishment of an effective digital economy in Ukraine opens up new opportunities for innovative growth and national development.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTION INTO THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR IN UKRAINE

Topicality. Preliminary calculations confirm the significant potential for the development of aquaculture both in the Ukrainian Black Sea region and in Ukraine as a whole. The increase of aquaculture share in the total fish consumption in Ukraine in the conditions of the war, which caused a significant reduction in commercial fishing due to the physical loss of the water areas of the Azov and Black Seas, the consequences of technogenic pollution of water bodies due to the explosion of the Kakhovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station, is also a confirmation of the importance of aquaculture for the food security of the country and the region.
 Aim and tasks. The presented study aims to analyze the current state of investment attraction in the aquaculture sector in Ukraine and the world, to identify obstacles and prospects for it increasing.
 Materials and Methods. In the research the methods of analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization, statistical analysis, retrospective analysis, system analysis have been used, on the basis of which the cause-and-effect relationships of low investment activity in the aquaculture sector in Ukraine are determined, proposals are systematized regarding the organizational and economic mechanisms of attracting investments to the aquaculture sector according to the resource-process approach - stages of value creation (preparation, production, processing, realiztion) and input components (factors of production) necessary for the functioning of the sector.
 Research results. The analysis of investments in the aquaculture sector in Ukraine and the Ukrainian Black Sea region revealed its extremely unsatisfactory state, which does not correspond to the interests of the sector's development: a small volume of capital investments in the aquaculture sector - 0.038% of the total volume of capital investments of enterprises in Ukraine; unsatisfactory investment support for innovative activities of aquaculture enterprises - only 0.5% of the total volume of capital investments is directed to intangible assets; the sources of capital investments are mainly own funds of enterprises, funds from local budgets, investment companies and funds, funds from non-resident investors and other sources are not involved at all; a small amount of foreign direct investment - 0.04% of the total amount of direct investment in Ukraine, there is an outflow of investments, FDI in the aquaculture sector in the regions of the Ukrainian Black Sea region has not been carried out in recent years; non-profitability of invested capital.
 Conclusion. In order to form a long-term vision of the development of the sector and determine the prospects for potential investors, it is necessary to develop an industry strategy and programs, in particular, regarding the attraction of investments in the aquaculture sector and the development of innovations. Targeted actions require the formation of an ecosystem of accompanying services for investors, in particular, centers for attracting investors, investment consulting agencies specializing in aquaculture, which is especially relevant for seaside regions. It is proposed to apply a comprehensive approach to the development of the aquaculture sector according to the value creation chain "preparation-production-processing-realization", that means the formation of a regional innovation-oriented complex of aquaculture production. The use of network tools for creating added value in the sector, such as clusters, water technology parks, eco-industrial parks, will create attractive objects for investment, in particular from abroad, taking into account their orientation to the principles of innovation, zero waste, environmental safety, resource conservation.

The impact of trade policy and agreements on the development of international trade in Ukraine’s agricultural sector

International trade is now one of the main types of international relations, without which it is impossible to imagine the modern functioning of any economy. Thus, it is significant to investigate the impact of various types of government policies and individual agreements on this type of relationship and the very development of countries. The purpose of this study was to show how external activity and trade interact in the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The main methods employed in this study included analysis, forecasting, and abstraction. The study described the role of international trade, specifically in the agricultural sector, considering its significance for the country’s economic development. The role of international trade was briefly described from a theoretical standpoint. The study, based on the analysis of statistical data, also showed the impact of trade agreements on the development of foreign trade. In the context of the study of the agricultural economy, it was shown that the gradual growth of Ukrainian agricultural exports, imports, and foreign trade is strongly related to the number of trade agreements concluded. The corresponding equation of dependence of values was constructed and its economic meaning was explained. The role of the sector in general, and specifically in the current martial law environment, was also described. Special attention was paid to Ukraine’s agricultural sector, which plays a crucial role in economic development. The role of this sector and the unique characteristics of the industry were substantiated. A strong correlation between the number of trade agreements and the volume of international trade in the agricultural sector of Ukraine was noted through regression analysis, which led to conclusions about the role of trade agreements in the development of international trade in agricultural products. This study brings new knowledge in terms of assessing the role of international trade for the country’s development, as well as analysing the current general state of Ukraine’s economy.

THE ROLE OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING CLUSTER IN ENSURING THE DEFENCE CAPABILITY OF UKRAINE

Topicality. Given the geopolitical situation, where Ukraine faces threats to its sovereignty and territorial integrity, ensuring defense capability becomes the most important task. The development of modern technologies in the defense industry, including Industry 4.0, emphasizes the need to supply the Ukrainian army with high-quality foreign equipment and technologies. Cooperation with leading international corporations in the defense sector opens up opportunities for technology exchange, investments, and the integration of new possibilities for the development of the Ukrainian defense industry.Ukrainian machine-building enterprises possess significant potential in the production, repair, and modernization of military equipment, which can be utilized to meet the army's needs. The gradual localization of Western technology production in Ukraine will contribute to reducing dependence on imports and increasing production volumes. The development of the service, repair, and restoration sector of military equipment can positively impact employment and the socio-economic situation in regions of Ukraine.In particular, the development of modern defense potential is a strategically important task for any state. Ensuring the availability and effective use of modern military technology is a necessity for maintaining a peaceful atmosphere and national security. Collaboration with leading international companies and the implementation of modern production technologies equate Ukrainian machine-building to global leaders, opening the way for foreign investments and the development of new technological sectors in Ukraine. The implementation of Industry 4.0 and collaboration with international partners allow for a significant improvement in the technical level and efficiency of Ukrainian armed forces, ensuring their readiness to face challenges and threats. The development of innovative management technologies and production culture provides Ukrainian enterprises with a competitive advantage in the global market, promoting their further growth and development.Aim and tasks. The aim of the research is to analyze and assess the potential of the machine-building cluster in the context of ensuring Ukraine's defense capability in a complex geopolitical environment.The research tasks include: conducting an analysis of the current situation in development of machine-building clusters in Ukraine and the necessity of implementing modern technologies in machine-building ; evaluating the role and potential of the machine-building cluster in ensuring the defense capability of the country; analyzing the possibilities of cooperation with leading international companies in the defense industry; studying the capabilities of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises in the production, repair, and modernization of military equipment; developing the key provisions of the strategy for the gradual localization of Western technology production in Ukraine; analyzing the impact of the development of the service, repair, and restoration sector of military equipment on the socio-economic situation of the country's regions based on the implementation of modern technologies and management practices to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises.Materials and Methods. This study explores the advantages and prospects of forming machine-building clusters, their impact on the socio-economic development of the country, and the enhancement of defense capabilities through the use of comparative, systemic-structural, analytical, theoretical generalization, and empirical observation methods.Research results. The research has established that the machine-building cluster in Ukraine possesses significant potential for ensuring the country's defense capability within a complex geopolitical context. It is emphasized that collaboration with leading international companies in the defense industry provides opportunities for technology exchange, investment attraction, and enhancement of the Ukrainian defense production potential. This is due to the fact that Ukrainian machine-building enterprises have substantial capabilities in the production, repair, and modernization of military equipment, which can be utilized to meet the army's needs. Additionally, the gradual localization of Western technology production in Ukraine will contribute to reducing dependence on imports and increasing production volumes.Conclusion. The research findings attest to the significance of the machine-building sector cluster in the context of ensuring Ukraine's defense capability. Collaboration with international partners and the implementation of modern production technologies are key factors in enhancing the competitiveness and expanding the potential of the Ukrainian defense industry. The development of this sector is a strategically important task for ensuring national security and strengthening Ukraine's international standing.

Організаційно-правові засади підтримки розвитку органічного виробництва в Україні на державному і місцевому рівнях

This article is devoted to the analysis of one of the most relevant areas of development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine – organic agricultural production. The mechanism of support and encouragement of the domestic producer has been studied. An important aspect is the legislative regulation of organic farming, its problems and prospects based on the experience of other states, as well as the possibility of implementation at the state level. The impetus for changing the vector of the state producer in favor of organic production was the Agreement on Association between Ukraine and the European Union dated June 27, 2014 No. 984_011, which provides for cooperation between the Parties in various areas, including the field of agriculture and the development of rural areas. It is indisputable that the lack of proper state support and the lack of sufficient stimulation of the agricultural producer when switching to the production of ecologically clean products becomes an obstacle for the development of this industry, so the question arises about the need to attract international donors, consolidation of state and regional programs. In general, the agrarian policy of Ukraine has potential and is taking gradual steps to popularize and encourage producers to switch to organic product production. The article provides data on the current state of state and regional policy to support organic production in Ukraine, analyzes measures to stimulate the development of organic production, and their regulatory regulation. It was concluded that, as of now, there is no possibility to systematically provide the appropriate level of state support at the expense of the state budget. Therefore, in matters of protectionism of organic production, the resources of the state and local budgets should be combined within the limits of the adopted regional programs and the attraction of grant funds.

INTEGRATION OF HEATING SYSTEM OPERATION

Ukraine has a huge asset in the form of existing district heating (DH) networks and demand for related services. DH is transforming the European energy sector, attracting efficient, local and renewable energy resources where this was not possible. However, due to the old material base of spare parts, insufficient level of investment and low level of management, Ukrainian DH systems are ineffective and do not meet the needs of consumers. The experience of European Union member states in central Europe shows that deep and sustained reforms can address the current challenges of the heating sector, including improving energy efficiency and economic competitiveness, strengthening environmental sustainability and enhancing energy security. The DH sector in Ukraine has not yet undergone the structural reform that other sectors of the economy have already gone through: over the past 30 years, the quality of services has decreased; subsidies have increased; the old material base is falling apart; The question arises whether it is worth continuing to support DH. As a result, Ukraine's DH sector is in dire straits, with financial, operational and technical problems compounding each other. Comprehensive and well-planned efforts must be made to create the conditions for exiting this state. Such structural reforms are essential to attracting the investment needed to improve the quality, efficiency and long-term potential of the district heating sector.
 The article examines the possibility of using modern technological solutions to modernize heat supply systems in order to improve their efficiency, which can lead to improved district heating services, transparency and financial stability.
 Keywords: energy resources, renewable energy sources, fossil fuels, automated heat and power plant, electricity, hot water, hot air, heating, private households, electric water heater, geothermal heat pump, wind power generator, low-power boiler house.

EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES

The article reveals the problems of educational management in the conditions of innovative changes. It was determined that the reformation processes of the educational sector in Ukraine actualized the problem of qualitative changes in the educational management system. After all, the quality of education and the effectiveness of educational reforms in Ukraine depend on the focus of educational management. First of all, this concerns the formation of personnel policy, and the development of a strategy for the development of an educational institution, educational programs, and ensuring the image of an educational organization. An analysis of scientific sources was carried out, which shows that the theoretical foundations of educational management have been sufficiently developed in Ukraine, and the management system in modern conditions has been studied. Thus, in the works of G. V. Yelnikova, L. M. Kalinina, O. I. Kasyanova, O . I. Marmazy, V. I. Maslova, T. I. Sushchenko defined directions of changes in educational management. According to scientists, the domestic theory of educational management is going through a period of complex transformational shifts, an intensive search for new directions of scientific research aimed at implementing a new vision of educational management policy, modern world models of educational organization management. However, the problems of managing educational institutions in the conditions of innovative changes, developing strategies for the development of an educational organization, forming a positive image of an educational organization, and motivating teaching staff for professional growth remain insufficiently researched. It is noted that the development of the value attitude of the heads of educational institutions towards innovative management as a leading direction of educational management is implemented through the implementation of new approaches to management activities: competence-based, axiological, synergistic and others. It was found that among the important educational values that significantly affect the effectiveness of management activities, the following can be distinguished: the rule of law, tolerance, patriotism, honesty, justice, trust, morality, academic integrity. Accordingly, the content of educational management should be value-oriented and characterized by favorable communications, partnership in relationships, and a system of incentives for the professional growth of teaching staff. It was found that the strategy of the institution's development, which consists of a complex of methodical, material, technical and management projects with the determination of ways of their implementation, acquires an important importance in the conditions of innovative changes. It is emphasized that changes have also taken place in the personnel policy of educational institutions. Among the important tasks in the work with the pedagogical staff are defined: creation of favorable conditions for the professional development of both each teacher in particular and the pedagogical team as a whole; ensuring favorable communications between all participants in the educational process; creation of an effective system of stimulation for professional pedagogical activity; effective leadership is another. It is noted that in the conditions of innovative educational changes, the ability of the management subsystem to provide a positive image of the educational institution characterizes the innovative competence of the manager.