Secondary School Pupils Research Articles

Analysis of indicators of caries of permanent teeth in children according to the endemic features of the Poltava region, Ukraine.

Aim: This research is focused at analyzing the indicators and substantiating the peculiarities of caries prevention in permanent teeth in schoolchildren of Poltava region, taking into account the endemic features of the Poltava region. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted among 608 pupils of secondary schools in Kremenchuk, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the lower limits of the norm, and 1214 pupils of secondary schools in Poltava, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the optimal upper limits of the norm. Results: The rates of caries in permanent teeth in children living in a region with fluoride concentrations in drinking water in the optimal-upper normal range are several times lower than in children of the same age living in a region with fluoride concentrations in drinking water in the lower normal range, and a significant increase in the prevalence and intensity of caries is observed from 7 to 9 to 12 years of age, as teeth after eruption are most vulnerable to caries. In a region where the fluoride concentration in drinking water is in the optimal-upper range of the norm, children with early forms of fluorosis have the lowest prevalence and intensity of caries. Conclusions: Endemic features of the region directly affect the prevalence and intensity of the caries process. In regions with a fluoride concentration in drinking water within the optimal upper limits of the norm, prevention of caries in permanent teeth in children should be carried out taking into account the presence of fluorosis.

An Investigation into the Causes of Violence and Riotous Behaviour among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia

Aim: The objectives of the Study were to (i) Investigate the causes of violence and riotous behaviours among secondary school pupils in Zambia, (ii) Establish the common violent and riotous behaviours among Secondary School pupils, (iii) Evaluate methods schools use to discipline their pupils in Secondary Schools in Choma District, (iv) Identify sustainable methods of improving pupils’ discipline in Secondary schools in Zambia. Study Design: The research was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach which used questionnaires for data gathering. Questions in the questionnaires included the sources of violent and riotous behaviours schools were experiencing and the methods used to control the vices. The emphasis was on analyzing the factors associated with violence and riotous behavior, establishing the relationship between the variables and identify sustainable methods of improving pupil discipline. Place and duration of study: The study was undertaken in Choma district, southern province, Zambia in term 2/3 of 2018 academic year. Methodology: Respondents targeted included: Secondary school pupils from grades 8 to 12, deputies and head teachers from boarding and day schools which had at least ten-year experience in offering secondary education. Six (6) out of fourteen (14) secondary schools in Choma district were randomly sampled. Six (6) Head teachers and six (6) Deputy Head teachers were purposefully sampled in the selected schools. Six classes with twenty (20) pupils each (one class per school) were selected per class using random sampling. The total of 120 pupils were targeted. Pupils that were selected were ranging from 10 to 20 years and above of age. A randomization procedure was used to select one class per class and per grade at each school. Analysis: The associations between independent variables and violent and riotous behaviours (dependent variables) were statistically tested using the chi square and the Fisher’s Exact tests. The analysis showed that there was a positive association between the variables measured at level of significance of 95 percent. The independent variables tested in the analysis above were; (1). Insufficient diet; (2). Poor sanitation; (3). Group influence and peer pressure; (4). Pupil indiscipline; (5) Abuse by teachers. The dependent variables in the research were violent and riotous Behaviour. Results: The analysis to test the association between the identified factors (independent variables) that contribute to violent and riotous Behaviour were tested at the level of significance of 95 percent with probability (p) =0.05. The test results show that the calculated values are less than p = 0.05. The chi-square value (X2 ) was 0.029 while the Fisher’s Exact value was 0.033. The rule of thumb or the decision rule guides that when the calculated values of chi-square and fisher’s exact tests are less than p =0.05, the null hypothesis should be rejected while the alternative hypothesis should be accepted. Null hypotheses: H01- There is no association between poor diet and riotous behaviour, H02- There is no association between poor sanitation and riotous behaviour, H03- There is no association between group influence and peer pressure and riotous behaviour, H04- There is no association between pupil indiscipline and riotous behaviour. Research Questions: 1). What causes violence and riotous behaviour among Secondary School pupils in Choma District? 2). What are the most common violent and riotous behaviours among Secondary School pupils in Choma District? 3). What methods do schools use to discipline their pupils in Secondary Schools in Choma District? 4). What are the sustainable methods that could significantly improve pupil discipline in Secondary Schools in Zambia? Conclusion: The aforementioned findings of the study have led to the following conclusion: Poor diet, poor sanitation, shortage of enough clean water, group influence and peer pressure, lack of adequate learning and teaching facilities such as, text books, furniture, classrooms, banker beds and hostels were associated with the causes of riotous behaviour in schools. Lack of commitment to duty by teachers and not attending adequately to pupils’ grievances were also responsible for causing riotous behaviours. Internal school factors such as ineffective communication between pupils and the staff also contribute to the causes of violence and riotous behavior. It is therefore, recommended that student councils be set and involved in planning menus for their meals, school policy formulation and decision making. Open days should be planned in each term where parents are invited to school to have a say on the general welfare of their children. Platforms where pupils can bring out their grievances freely without any fear or intimidation should be created. Programs that encourage self-esteem and respect for others such as clubs, quizzes and sporting activities should be emphasized. It is recommended that teachers should work hard, use variety of teaching approaches by exploiting all the available learning and teaching resources so that the required academic need of learners is met.

Psychological Indexes Among Secondary School Pupils During COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Schools of Lusaka, Zambia; A Cross Sectional Study

Psychological Indexes Among Secondary School Pupils During COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Schools of Lusaka, Zambia; A Cross Sectional Study

ACADEMIC MOTIVATION, SELF-ESTEEM, AND TEST ANXIETY ON THE ACADEMIC OUTCOMES OF STUDENTS

This study looked at the relationship between students' academic results and factors such as test anxiety, self-esteem, and academic drive. During the inquiry, a correlational type descriptive survey design was employed. This investigation used a multi-phase sampling strategy. The study's sample consisted of 250 secondary school pupils. Reliable instruments were utilised to collect the data, including the Academic Motivation Scale (α = 0.79), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (α = 0.84), Westside Test Anxiety Scale (α = 0.84), and The Student Academic Outcome Survey (α = 0.92). The findings indicate that academic motivation (r =.355; p< .05), self-esteem (r =.274; p.<05), and test anxiety (r =.233; p.<05) are strongly correlated with students' academic outcomes. Academic motivation made the most significant contribution (β = .306; t = 5.077; p<0.05), followed by test anxiety (β = .153; t = 2.397; p<0.05) and Self-esteem (β = .124; t = 1.882; p<0.05). The study underscores the need for both the home and the school to cooperate to keep the learners focused on their education. They should also encourage, inspire, and equip the students with an adequate sense of aspirations.

Effect of working memory on student’s performance at secondary level

The ability to process and temporarily store data is known as working memory, a concept crucial in cognitive psychology with applications in academic teaching and cognitive function. This study aims to explore the association between working memory and the mathematics performance of secondary school students. The study focuses on secondary science students in Lahore schools, with a population of 180 scientific students sampled through convenience sampling. Data analysis involved the use of a questionnaire and employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes that working memory significantly impacts the performance of secondary school pupils.

Effect of Blended Learning Strategy on Learning Outocmes in Science among Secondary School Students

Learning should be ingrained with the creation of original academic work using a thoughtful blend of techniques. The educational process has altered in the digital age to meet the needs of our "digital natives." Today, online and offline learning are employed in tandem depending on the needs and learning styles of the students. Blended learning is the result of combining various learning modalities. This approach goes beyond the typical speed, location, and style of instruction. It gives the flexibility to the education system. It is reducing all types of situational obstacles and expanding the learning environment with a wide range of novel methods, tools, and ideas. Blended learning modules were created to investigate the impact of this method on secondary school students' attitudes toward science. A quasi-experimental approach was used, with one group being the control group that received standard care and the other being the experimental group that participated in the integrated learning strategy. The t-test was used to analysed the data. It was determined that secondary school pupils' gain scores for learning outcomes in science range significantly from one another.

Csoportnevek a Legere Irodalmi Versenyen

The paper presents the motives of the team names of the Legere Literary Competition for secondary school pupils at the University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra. The research, conducted over 11 years, used a questionnaire survey and the interview method to examine the 258-item descriptive group name data. Apart from a handful of names with unknown motivations, the corpus can be divided into two broad categories based on the motivation for naming: one broad category is made up of team names related to the spirit and theme of the competition, and the other category is made up of team names related to the individual competitors. In addition to a detailed description of the two categories, their subdivision, classification and illustration with examples, the paper also notes the diversity of naming methods and the linguistic and visual playfulness and humour of the team names.

Expectations and experiences of urban and rural in-school adolescents of adolescent reproductive health services in oyo state, Nigeria.

Reproductive health information and services are fundamental to health, well-being and opportunities for women and young people, yet throughout the world, women and youths do not have access to quality reproductive health care thereby exposing them to unplanned pregnancy, teen birth, induced abortion as well as increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, HIV inclusive. This study is meant to explore the expectation of adolescents of an adolescent reproductive health services as well as to assess the experiences of those who had visited an ARHS at the centers. It was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, analytic in design using a multistage sampling technique where 452 secondary school pupils in both rural and urban communities were interviewed using a pretested validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi square was used to test for association between both rural and urban adolescents in issues relating to their expectation and experiences, with P-value of #x003C;0.05. More of the respondents in the urban communities (73,32.4%) have the expectation that Adolescent Reproductive Health Services (ARHS) should be provided in an existing health service with special attention to adolescents while a larger percentage of those who preferred a special adolescent health institution were from the rural communities (122, 54.2%) which was statistically significant with a P-value of 0.001. More of respondents from the rural communities also expect that contraception services should be provided in an ARHS center while life skill services are expected by more of the respondents from the urban communities (122, 55.6%). More of the rural community respondents (57,25.3%) expect that fee at the ARHS centers should be provided at a subsidized rate while more of the urban dwellers have the expectation that services provided should be free of charge. For respondents who had been to an ARHS center, more of the urban respondents were attended to by a Medical doctor and a large percentage (34, 94.4%) of those who had visited ARHS center before professed to be satisfied with the services rendered there. Expectations from adolescents from ARHS are very high. However, most of them prefer a free of charge service as well as a service area nearer to residential area. Confidentiality and having a young health professional at the service centers cannot be overemphasized in the provision of quality ARHS.

Promoting Habsburg Cultural Identity to Secondary School Pupils in Late Austrian-Ruled Bukovina: A Case Study of the First Imperial and Royal Gymnasium in Czernowitz

This contribution explores how notions of Habsburg cultural identity were promoted at the main grammar school (kaiserlich-königliches I. Staatsgymnasium) in Czernowitz, capital of the multilingual and multiethnic crownland of Bukovina, between 1900 and 1913. After presenting the relevant historical and linguistic context, the school’s yearbooks from that era are examined to obtain information regarding the celebration of relevant holidays and events, musical and literary performances, as well as the commemoration of important cultural luminaries. Through this analysis, insights into the contemporary means utilised to promote a wider Habsburg identity will be gained, providing useful qualitative data and thus adding to the broader discussion on educational policies in late Habsburg Bukovina.

Gendered professions, prestigious professions: When stereotypes condition career choices

AbstractDespite social changes and the opening up of all professions to men and women, society continues to adhere to many stereotypes, and many professions are still considered to be feminine or masculine. In addition to gendered representations of occupations, there are also social representations linked to the social prestige associated with a profession. These two elements shape the study and professional choices of individuals. Based on this observation, the aim of this article is twofold: I study individuals' perceptions of various professions and I analyse the influence of theses perceptions on their choice of orientation. I use a questionnaire administered to secondary school pupils and students. The results obtained show a differentiated influence of stereotypes on career plans. It also appears that individuals tend to underrate the professions they consider ‘feminine’.

SCHOOL BURNOUT IN SECONDARY AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

This review study is prompted by an assumption that secondary and high school pupils are more sensitive to school burnout. The objective of this paper is to evaluate burnout studies to determine the concept of school burnout as well as the elements that impact it. This review incorporates three years of studies on the link between school burnout and secondary and high school student performance as well as recognized cognitive and emotional factors that account for this association. Previous reviews have found moderate correlations between these variables; however, few have discussed the mediating and moderating factors that influence this connection. Systematic searches of psychiatric, educational, and pertinent internet sources were done in December 2022 for research studying school burnout and performance in secondary and high school demographics released between 2019 and 2022. Thirty-eight papers were eligible. The findings from the review of these studies revealed that school burnout was modestly connected to performance. In addition, several mediating and moderating variables, such as emotional tiredness, academic pressure, and family participation, were discovered. However, due to the lack of longitudinal studies analyzed, additional research into how these variables interact over time is required to prove causality and discover the dynamic connection between school burnout, performance, and the motivational and cognitive factors that influence it.

The oral health of secondary school pupils: baseline data from the Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial.

Background This paper describes the sociodemographics and oral health of UK secondary school pupils. They were participants of the BRIGHT trial, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a toothbrushing intervention to reduce dental caries.Methods Overall, 4,680 pupils aged 11-13 years attending 42 secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales with above average proportion of pupils eligible for free school meals, were recruited to the trial. Sociodemographic data were collected. Participants had a clinical assessment for caries, plaque and bleeding and completed measures of oral and general health-related quality of life and oral health behaviours (frequency of toothbrushing, dental attendance and cariogenic food/drinks consumed). Regression analyses were performed.Results Over one-third (34.7%) of participants had caries experience, with 44.5% reporting their oral health had an impact on their daily lives. Factors associated with a statistically significant increased likelihood of caries experience were older age, being female, eligibility for free school meals, worse oral health-related quality of life, higher cariogenic diet, less than twice-daily toothbrushing, living in a more deprived area and lower school attendance.Conclusions The prevalence and impact of dental caries on the lives of pupils remains high, with further oral health promotion activities needed in targeted secondary schools.

Pattern of social media usage by secondary school students for social interaction in Delta State

This study looks at how Delta State secondary school pupils use social media. The Uses and Gratification Theory of Mass Communication served as the study's foundation. To direct the investigation, three research objectives and research questions were developed. 250 respondents were systematically selected adopting Taro Yamane formula and were randomly sample through multi-stage sampling techniques that applied structured questionnaire. The mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the results. Based on the results, the study came to the conclusion that social media usage is substantial among the students. The study affirmed that students’ users typically use it to make friends, upload content, and share tales, and that social media usage affects how students connect with one another. It recommends that students should use social media less for social interactions and more for academic purposes.

Fostering Environmental Autonomy Support in an English Course for Middle School Learners in Western México

The scope of this study is to observe features of environmental autonomy support and to identify aspects of autonomy. To this end, a case study was designed and implemented in a state school in the western region of Mexico, with the participation of twelve secondary school pupils, ages 12 to 14, who attended a non-required 40-hour course using the autonomous learning approach. A research journal was kept tracking the whole process, gaining knowledge of autonomous learning and examining the phenomenon in a real-life context. The journals were analyzed with the help of Atlas.ti software, and the researcher made inferences from the resulting data, including environmental autonomy support as well as the reactions of the pupils to the autonomous learning process. The analysis of data reveals the language-learning context and its tendency to foster an autonomy-supportive atmosphere. Data seems to cast light on two major issues: the importance of fostering an environment that encourages autonomous learning-related behavior, and the necessity of providing appropriate scaffolding strategies to assist students in their development of autonomous learning. The study provides valuable insights into autonomy support and autonomous learning in education, but its limitations include a small sample size and potential challenges in generalizing findings to broader contexts.

Virtual School: Learning to Teach Physics in a Virtual Community of Practice

This research explores the impact a Virtual Community of Practice (VCoP) within the international Virtual School pilot project aimed at providing future secondary-school physics teachers with authentic teaching experiences. The Virtual School serves as a platform to connect future teachers with real schools and pupils, creating a unique educational environment to develop professional identity and competencies. This paper reports on part of the project engaging eight preservice or early-career teachers, two mentors, three researchers, and forty-eight secondary school pupils. Pre and post semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data, exploring the participants' experiences and perceptions. The findings reveal significant impacts of the VCoP on the understanding of professional identity and the disciplinary teacher practices of participants. By participating in this digital community, they have developed expertise, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-classroom dynamics. This study highlights the potential of VCoPs to shape the training of secondary-school physics teachers, offering new avenues for teacher education in the digital age.

Expectations and experiences of urban and rural in-school adolescents of adolescent reproductive health services in Oyo State.

Reproductive health information and services are fundamental to health, well-being and opportunities for women and young people, yet throughout the world, women and youths do not have access to quality reproductive health care thereby exposing them to unplanned pregnancy, teen birth, induced abortion as well as increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, HIV inclusive. This study is meant to explore the expectation of adolescents of an adolescent reproductive health services as well as to assess the experiences of those who had visited an ARHS at the centers. It was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, analytic in design using a multistage sampling technique where 452 secondary school pupils in both rural and urban communities were interviewed using a pretested validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi square was used to test for association between both rural and urban adolescents in issues relating to their expectation and experiences, with P-value of <0.05. More of the respondents in the urban communities (73,32.4%) have the expectation that Adolescent Reproductive Health Services (ARHS) should be provided in an existing health service with special attention to adolescents while a larger percentage of those who preferred a special adolescent health institution were from the rural communities (122, 54.2%) which was statistically significant with a P-value of 0.001. More of respondents from the rural communities also expect that contraception services should be provided in an ARHS center while life skill services are expected by more of the respondents from the urban communities (122, 55.6%). More of the rural community respondents (57,25.3%) expect that fee at the ARHS centers should be provided at a subsidized rate while more of the urban dwellers have the expectation that services provided should be free of charge. For respondents who had been to an ARHS center, more of the urban respondents were attended to by a Medical doctor and a large percentage (34, 94.4%) of those who had visited ARHS center before professed to be satisfied with the services rendered there. Expectations from adolescents from ARHS are very high. However, most of them prefer a free of charge service as well as a service area nearer to residential area. Confidentiality and having a young health professional at the service centers cannot be overemphasized in the provision of quality ARHS.

Factors leading to high levels of indiscipline cases among pupils: A case of selected secondary schools in Lusaka District, Zambia

Indiscipline among pupils refers to a situation in which pupils do not control their behavior or obey school rules. Indiscipline entails any act that diverges from acceptable societal norms and values. It is a violation of school rules and regulations which is capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly functioning of the school system. Discipline in a classroom situation, is the ability to guide and control the class towards the attainment of predetermined objectives of education, while Indiscipline on the other hand entails a situation whereby energy and impulses are uncontrolled by moral principles or external authority. To this end, indiscipline in a school may be defined as the unwillingness of pupils and staff to respect authority, obey school rules and regulations, and maintain a high standard of moral and attitudinal behavior conducive to the teaching-learning process as essential to the smooth running of the school. It was for this aim that the study was conducted to analyze factors that lead to a high level of indiscipline among pupils in secondary schools of Lusaka district. The study employed a mixed-method approach and a descriptive survey design that sampled head teachers, teachers, and pupils. Data was obtained from the respondents by means of interviews and questionnaires. The sample consisted of three hundred respondents. Percentages, tables, graphs, and pie charts were used to analyze the data with a combination of software MS Access and MS Excel (version 26). The results of the analysis showed that pupils and teachers agreed on the causes and effects of indiscipline cases in secondary schools which included among others; the Influence of peers, Negative attitudes towards education, Irresponsible parents, and Schools’ inability to enforce rules and regulations. The study therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education should intensify monitoring of schools to ensure that teachers and pupils are fully involved or committed to the teaching and learning process. Additionally, Rules and regulations should be realistic and stated clearly for the absorption of all pupils in all secondary schools.

Causes and Effects of Poverty on Academic Achievements of Rural Secondary School Students: Case of Secondary School in Bahawlanagar District

Exchange to teaching is one of the significant uncomplicated social honesties in totally cultures. In Pakistan, the running of education has been one of the greatest serious matters of management public strategy particularly subsequently afterward individuality in 1947. Poverty has still continued a tentative block for maximum persons to achieve this simple right. This study required to examine the reasons and things of lack on educational success in the Bahawalnagar secondary school. The education required to representation the experiments shortage secondary school pupils’ expression in their mission for education, afterward important them to descent out of school. The procedure supervisory this study was a case study. Records were collected using forms, expression to expression meetings and document analysis. The study discovered that death of workers; joblessness and lack of education are the major reasons of deficiency in the Bahawalnagar public. The consequences of this study showed that shortage harmfully impressions on the educational success of scholars. The study consequently mentions that institute establishments stumble expense of school dues in instruction to accommodate the fewer fortunate scholars. The study additional mentions that the contributor public network capitals to education and feed students who originated from disadvantaged circumstances.

Perspectives of pupils with additional support needs and their parents on the learning support during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Croatia

AbstractThe concept of inclusive education is well established in policy documents worldwide, but its implementation for pupils with additional support needs (ASN) still raises questions. The challenges of educating pupils with ASN increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to changes in organisation of the teaching and learning process and the heightened need for support. To gain in‐depth insights into the experiences of upper secondary school pupils with ASN and their parents, an exploratory, phenomenological study of the perspectives of pupils and parents was conducted within the Croatian educational system. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 pupils with individualised educational programmes (IEPs) along with their parents. The data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Three participant profiles that differed in regard to the perception of stability/change of learning support during the pandemic were generated and described. The dominant perspective included the perception of consistently low teacher support during the pandemic, which arises from insufficient recognition of pupils' needs, reactive stance and placing responsibility for school success on pupils. The perception of intensified parental support was evident in some accounts of both parents and pupils, but the pupils' explicit invitation stood out as a key factor in the activation of parents.

An Investigation of Relationship Between Digital Game Addiction, Peer Bullying and Sportsmanship Attitudes of Secondary School Pupils

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the concepts of peer bullying and sportsmanship, which are considered as factors related to digital game addiction, which is an important problem for secondary school students. When the relevant literature is reviewed, it is observed that the literature has studies on "addiction to digital games" and "bullying", but studies that deal with the concepts of "digital game addiction, peer bullying, and sportsmanship" are few. This study was designed according to the quantitative research model and a relational screening pattern was applied accordingly. The subjects of this research consist of 1088 students studying in the 2021 to 2022 academic year. The method of "stratified sampling and maximum variation sampling" was applied for selecting suitable subjects. Necessary data were collected through Demographic Information Form, Digital Game Addiction for Children, Peer Bullying Detection, and Sportsmanship Behavior Scales in Physical Training Class. In this study, the SPSS 20.0 Statistical Package Program was used to assess the obtained data. T-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Tukey Test Statistics and Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression methods of analysis were used along with descriptive statistical methods for analysing applicable data. As a result of the analyzes made, it was seen that the relationship between the scale scores of the participants was statistically significant. However, it can be said that digital game addiction is an important predictor of peer bullying and so it negatively affects interpersonal social relations in terms of sportsmanship.