Secondary Position Research Articles

Distinct structural groups of histone H3 and H4 residues have divergent effects on chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have performed a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of histone H3 and H4 residues in the regulation of chronological lifespan in yeast and identify four structural groups in the nucleosome that influence lifespan. We also identify residues where substitution with an epigenetic mimic extends lifespan, providing evidence that a simple epigenetic switch, without possible additional background modifications, causes longevity. Residues where substitution result in the most pronounced lifespan extension are all on the exposed face of the nucleosome, with the exception of H3E50, which is present on the lateral surface, between two DNA gyres. Other residues that have a more modest effect on lifespan extension are concentrated at the extremities of the H3-H4 dimer, suggesting a role in stabilizing the dimer in its nucleosome frame. Residues that reduce lifespan are buried in the histone handshake motif, suggesting that these mutations destabilize the octamer structure. All residues exposed on the nucleosome disk face and that cause lifespan extension are known to interact with Sir3. We find that substitution of H4K16 and H4H18 cause Sir3 to redistribute from telomeres and silent mating loci to secondary positions, often enriched for Rap1, Abf1 or Reb1 binding sites, whereas H3E50 does not. The redistribution of Sir3 in the genome can be reproduced by an equilibrium model based on primary and secondary binding sites with different affinities for Sir3. The redistributed Sir3 cause transcriptional repression at most of the new loci, including of genes where null mutants were previously shown to extend chronological lifespan. The transcriptomic profiles of H4K16 and H4H18 mutant strains are very similar, and compatible with a DNA replication stress response. This is distinct from the transcriptomic profile of H3E50, which matches strong induction of oxidative phosphorylation. We propose that the different groups of residues are involved in binding to heterochromatin proteins, in destabilizing the association of the nucleosome DNA, disrupting binding of the H3-H4 dimer in the nucleosome, or disrupting the structural stability of the octamer, each category impacting on chronological lifespan by a different mechanism.

Government welfare schemes for securing the position of the women in the society

Women has been faced several obstacles for surviving and empowering themselves in emerging countries like an India, because social taboos and mind sets of male dominated society have been responsible for her secondary position. Moreover, India is a welfare state where equality provided to men and women under the law but still far away from reality to overcome this matter. So, government started enormous policies or programmes for wellbeing of vulnerable sections of society like SC, BC, OBC, children and women. Punjab state has been also introduced several policies and schemes to upgrade the livelihood of economic trodden sections. In this section, main focus is on women welfare schemes launched by Indian and Punjab Government.

Türkiye’de Özel Sektörde İngilizce Öğretiminde Gizil Bir Anadil Konuşuru Yönelimi: Küçük ölçekli bir içerik analizi

Purpose: The doubling share of private education institutions in the education sector between 2010 and 2017 reveals that these institutions also have a determining effect in the field of teacher training. This study aimed at examining the English language teacher employment approaches of private education institutions through job postings and understanding the approaches to the identities of the English language teachers to be employed in these institutions. Design/Methodology/Approach: This qualitative study examining 141 online job postings by private educational institutions in Turkey utilized the principles of content analysis. The job postings reviewed are to employ the English language teachers. Findings: The study showed that the native speaker orientation in the employment of the English language teachers in the private sector persists at different layers as traditional native speakerism (first layer) and latent native speakerism (second layer). In light of the findings, this study showed that the English language teachers whose native language is not English are perceived in a secondary position despite the pluralism and diversity in the field. Highlights: Native speakerism in the Turkish private sector existed in two layers. At Layer 1, latent native speakerism, a new form of native speakerism, was found. Although latent native speakerism foregrounded traditional native-speakerism, it disguised this orientation in the so-called expertise-oriented requirements. This layer is directly visible and a hidden version of the traditional native speakerism. At Layer 2, which is the source and the sub-layer of Layer 1, the presence of traditional native speakerism was found to persist. The findings are important in showing that with the rise of neoliberal educational policies, thus the increasing share of the private educational sectors, further studies are needed to reveal how the dichotomy can be overcome via a potential collaboration between teacher training programs, policymakers, and stakeholders.

Costruire un contesto inclusivo e un efficace co-teaching tra docente curricolare e docente per l’attività di sostegno attraverso la progettazione universale

This paper focuses on the inclusive potential that general education teacher and special education teacher can generate by working together in their everyday work, without waiting for reforms of the current school organization, but simply by modifying the parameters of co-teaching and by promoting the construction of learning environments following the Universal Design approach that bust the barriers to learning and guarantees effective and inclusive co-teaching. In everyday experience, the special education teachers participate in the didactic activities developed by the class council but their role is often passive, in a secondary position. The simple simultaneous presence in the classroom is not co-teaching; in most cases the general education teacher teaches and special education teacher assists or observes. In Italian schools there are several skilled teachers who represent latent resources that should be valued and activated to improve the learning levels of students in a deeply inclusive perspective.

Care as concubine: stretching the boundaries of care, politics and power in early childhood education and care

ABSTRACT The word ‘care’ has been removed from Norway’s most recent framework for early childhood teacher education. According to ECEC practice policy, care is foundational in ECEC and teachers are expected to care, yet caring is not mentioned in the Framework’s description of ECEC, nor is it included as a knowledge or skill goal. Why does care occupy a secondary position to education in ECEC policy development? This article uses Cathrine Malabou’s concept of plasticity and the image of the concubine to stretch conceptions of care in ECEC. Tronto’s care-ethics and the image of a concubine, who bears children for a man, but does not enjoy a legal status in society act as a catalyst for thinking differently about how care is positioned and used politically, domestically and professionally.

Hyperlinks and media visibility on Twitter in political events in Spain: new patterns in the digital information ecology

ABSTRACT Digital environment involves numerous transformations for the media system. One of them is the process that is reconfiguring the traditional media visibility parameters from mass communication era. To study it, we use, taking an innovative approach, hyperlinks as proxy to the media visibility. Our goal is to find out the destination of the hyperlinks aimed at the media in the context of the political conversation on Twitter generated around an event of public relevance: the negotiations on the formation of the Spanish Government. The methodology is based on machine learning in a big data sample of 127.3 million tweets. This will allow us to make new contributions to how media is restructuring its social visibility as a result of integrating into the digital. The results indicate the prominence of pure players and social media platforms in the linking practices of users. By contrast, legacy media places in a secondary position. Also, geopolitical context plays a key role in conditioning the use of hyperlinks by Twitter users. Finally, our data reveal that the media have a limited capacity to determine the hyperlink network.

Research on Vehicle Rollover Warning and Braking Control System Based on Secondary Predictive Zero-Moment Point Position

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To solve the contradiction between model complexity and the warning accuracy of the algorithm of the vehicle rollover warning, a rollover state warning method based on the secondary predictive zero-moment point position for vehicles is proposed herein. Taking a sport utility vehicle(SUV) as the research object, a linear three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle rollover dynamics model is established. On the basis of the model, the lateral position of the zero-moment point and its primary and secondary rates of change are calculated. Then, the theoretical solution of time-to-rollover of the vehicles is deduced from the lateral position of the secondary predictive zero-moment point. When the rollover warning index, the lateral position of the zero-moment point, is greater than the set threshold, the active anti-rollover control system will be triggered. The active anti-rollover braking control system adopts a hierarchical control strategy. Taking the rollover warning index as the control target, the upper controller calculates the braking torque required by the front-outer wheel based on the Fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) algorithm and the differential braking control strategy. The lower executive controller calculates the corresponding brake wheel cylinder pressure and inputs it to the corresponding wheel through the Electrical Hydraulic Brake(EHB), so that a certain additional yaw moment can be formed to prevent the vehicle from rolling over. Under some typical driving conditions, Carsim-Matlab co-simulation and real vehicle tests are carried out. The comparative test results show that the proposed rollover warning method based on the secondary predictive zero-moment point position can accurately and effectively predict the roll-over state of the vehicle, and the active anti-rollover braking control system can control the vehicle in time and effectively to prevent the vehicle from rollover.</div></div>

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communications.

In this paper, a wideband circularly polarized (CP) magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna operating at 28 GHz band was proposed for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications. The antenna geometry included two metallic plates with extended hook-shaped strips at its principal diagonal position, and two corners of truncated metallic plates at the secondary diagonal position. The pair of metallic vias connected the modified strips to the ground plane to create the magnetic dipole. The L-shaped probe feed between the strips was used to excite the antenna. The antenna showed stable gain and wideband characteristics. The simulated and measured results showed that the proposed CP ME dipole antenna had an overlapping (|S11|< −10 dB impedance and 3 dB axial ratio) bandwidth of 18.1% (25–30 GHz), covering the frequency bands dedicated for 5G new radio communications. Moreover, an average gain of 8 dBic was achieved by the antenna throughout the operating bandwidth. The measured data verified the design concept, and the proposed antenna had a small footprint of 0.83 λo × 0.83 λo × 0.125 λo (λo is free space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency), suitable for its application in 5G smart devices and sensors.

Assessment of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) Code Assignment Validity for Case Finding of Medication-related Hypoglycemia Acute Care Visits Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Administrative claims are commonly relied upon to identify hypoglycemia. We assessed validity of 14 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code assignments to identify medication-related hypoglycemia leading to acute care encounters. A multisite, retrospective medical record review study was conducted in a sample of Medicare beneficiaries prescribed outpatient diabetes medications and who received hospital care between January 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017. Diagnosis codes were validated with structured medical record review using prespecified criteria (clinical presentation, blood glucose values, and treatments for hypoglycemia). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) were calculated and adjusted using sampling weights to correct for partial verification bias. Among 990 encounters (496 cases, 494 controls), hypoglycemia codes demonstrated moderate PPV (69.2%; 95% confidence interval: 65.0-73.0) and moderate sensitivity (83.9%; 95% confidence interval: 70.0-95.5). Codes performed better at identifying hypoglycemic events among emergency department/observation encounters compared with hospitalizations (PPV 92.9%, sensitivity 100.0% vs. PPV 53.7%, sensitivity 71.0%). Accuracy varied by diagnosis position, especially for hospitalizations, with PPV of 95.6% versus 46.5% with hypoglycemia in primary versus secondary positions. Use of adverse event/poisoning codes did not improve accuracy; reliance on these codes alone would have missed 97% of true hypoglycemic events. Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes in administrative claims to identify medication-related hypoglycemia varied substantially by encounter type and diagnosis position. Consideration should be given to the trade-off between PPV and sensitivity when selecting codes, encounter types, and diagnosis positions to identify hypoglycemia.

COVID-19, Social Policy and Care: A Complex Set of Processes and Outcomes.

This article looks at the 2020 period of COVID-19 and especially the first months through the lens of public policy support for care in Europe. It covers the policy responses to both care for young children and frail, ill or disabled adults and develops an understanding of care as welfare-related activity focused on practices and resources oriented to meeting care-related need. The article’s over-arching research question centres around how European countries responded to the 2020 pandemic, especially in regard to the types of care need that were recognized, the resources committed, the actors/agency that were supported or taken for granted and the values underpinning the responses. What we find from the review is that, while care assumed a strong place in public rhetoric, this was not reflected in greater public resourcing of care for young children or long-term care. Instead, care for children was refamilialized and long-term care was under-resourced and relegated to a secondary position; both were in many ways rendered further dependent on the private agency of individuals. In sum, the pandemic spearheaded some reversion to old practices and the opportunity to invest in care as a human need, a basis of rights and entitlements and a valued activity was not availed of.

Особливості нетарифного регулювання зовнішньоекономічної діяльності України та СНД в умовах дестабілізації соціально-економічних систем

The purpose of the article is to define the peculiarities of the non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity of both Ukraine and the CIS in the conditions of destabilization of socioeconomic systems. As a result of the carried out research, the trends in trade volumes in the world market are analyzed; the structure of the non-tariff methods of its regulation in the CIS countries and in Ukraine is studied; a structural and dynamic analysis of the use of non-tariff methods of regulation of foreign economic activity by the CIS countries was carried out, taking into account the terms of participation in the WTO. The analysis made it possible to state a negative trend of a significant excess of imports over the exports of goods to all CIS countries that are members of the WTO, and a permanent increase in the number of non-tariff measures to protect the interests of domestic producers. It is identified that among the non-tariff measures for regulating foreign economic activity, technical barriers were most applied; the secondary position among the non-tariff measures for regulation of foreign economic activity are sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and the smallest share falls on the anti-dumping measures of non-tariff measures for regulating foreign economic activity. This trend is due to the simultaneous action of multi-vector levers, some part of which, as the analysis shows, arise and act chaotically: global economic depression associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; simultaneous use of both tariff and non-tariff methods of regulation; related economic, political and social goals of the non-tariff methods of regulation. Prospects for further research in this direction are the use of the theory of «Chaos and Order» to determine the forces of influence on the functioning of world trade during the development of effective instruments for ensuring the protection of the rights and interests of Ukraine and especially its subjects of foreign economic activity in the trade and economic sphere, which are oriented towards increasing the international competitiveness of the national economy.

Wyzwania dla poprawy resilencji w rolnictwie w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju i rozwoju obszarów wiejskich

Research on economic resilience in agriculture is quite complicated due to the interdisciplinary nature of the notion. In agricultural, climate change, sustainability and food security research it appears as an endogenous phenomenon rather as the main one. This study aims to contribute to conceptualization of economic resilience in agriculture, revealing current and identifying future research directions. Bibliometric analysis supplemented with a literature overview serve this purpose. Results confirm the ambiguity and immaturity of economic resilience concept and its secondary position within overall agricultural resilience research framework.

Tooling calibration of secondary aspheric workpiece position in magneto-rheological polishing

Tooling calibration of secondary aspheric workpiece position in magneto-rheological polishing

Effects of the secondary air inlet position and gasifying agents on grape branch gasification in an improved downdraft gasifier

Gasification experiments on grape branches were carried out in a self-improved downdraft gasifier at 800 °C, under atmospheric pressure, using air, steam, and air–steam as gasifying agents.

Effects of Secondary Air Intake Position and Gasifying Agents on Grape Branches Gasification in an Improved Downdraft Gasifier

Effects of Secondary Air Intake Position and Gasifying Agents on Grape Branches Gasification in an Improved Downdraft Gasifier

Зарубіжний досвід управління розвитком спортивно-оздоровчої діяльності

In the conditions of military aggression and hostilities taking place in Ukraine, the problems of sports and health activities, unfortunately, are relegated to secondary positions. A large part of the sports infrastructure is destroyed by the enemy, training and competitions were stopped for the most part, threatening the loss of the country's sports potential. The industry has experienced a significant reduction in funding, and some promising athletes have moved out abroad. Studies have shown that currently there are no systematic scientific and practical developments regarding the formation and development of the sports and health sector in the conditions of hostilities and the postwar period, which limits our possibilities in the terms of prediction and forecasting for the future, nonetheless actualizing further research in this direction. The industry has experienced a significant reduction in funding, and some promising athletes have gone abroad. Studies have shown that currently, there are no systematic scientific and practical developments regarding the formation and development of the sports and health sector in the conditions of hostilities and the post-war period, which limits our possibilities in the framework of prediction and forecasting for the future and actualizes further research in this direction. The article aims to study the foreign experience of managing the development of sports and health activities and the possibility of its use in Ukraine. The experience of leading countries in managing sports and health activities has been studied and systematized. The possibilities of implementing particular mechanisms and tools into the national model at its current reorganization stage have been determined. It is noted that currently the basic condition for the development of the system is the search for the most optimal balance of powers between the State, regions, and the private sector regarding the management of this sphere, which includes the advantages of the American model on the one hand (primarily in terms of creating favorable conditions for attracting private capital) and the European model on the other hand, which involves moderate handing over on the part of the State by establishing priorities, coordination of economic entities and targeted funding of priority areas. It is noted that the defining features that are characteristic of the management system of sports and health activities in all countries that have achieved high results in this sphere are, first of all: a developed regulatory and legislative framework and institutions, the clear State-controlled priorities for the development of sports, diversified sources of funding and instruments for stimulation of entrepreneurship, as well as close attention to personnel training and development of science and technology in the industry.

The regulatory environment for migrant and women entrepreneurs

AbstractThis study explores the impact of the underlying assumptions in the regulatory environments of two national contexts, Turkey and the Netherlands, on the entrepreneurship of Turkish women. It uses discourses on gender, ethnicity and entrepreneurship. The results indicate that these regulatory environments are immersed with male gendering ideology and give a secondary position to women and migrant entrepreneurs. Accordingly, women and migrant entrepreneurs are confined by the support provided to them by both governmental and non‐governmental organizations. Turkish women entrepreneurs are restricted in networking; access to institutions; and funding by the programmes, initiatives or regulations that their enterprises receive support from. This study contributes to existing literature on migrant and women entrepreneurship by discursively analysing underlying assumptions regarding these groups in two different national contexts.

Numerical study of droplet impingement on surfaces with hierarchical structures

Decorating a surface with pillars and grooves has been proved effective in enhancing its hydrophobicity. However, the poor stability of the non-wetting state is the main reason for limiting the practical applications of textured surfaces. In this study, a textured surface, with primary structures (taller) to improve hydrophobicity and secondary structures (shorter) to stabilize the non-wetting state, is proposed. The effects of the secondary structure, impingement position, and Weber number (We) on the deformation, penetration, and wetting state of a droplet on this surface are investigated by means of a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS). The results show that decorating the surface with hierarchical structures enhances both the surface hydrophobicity and the non-wetting stability due to the large breakthrough pressure brought by the secondary structures. The penetration depth and the emptying time decrease with the increase in the height of secondary structures. The impingement position, at the groove or the ridge, also plays a vital role in the non-wetting stability because of the difference in conversion between kinetic energy and surface energy. Surfaces with hierarchical structures require a significantly higher We to trigger the liquid penetration at the secondary structures. We also influences the contact time and emptying time due to the abrupt change of surface roughness when liquid slides down the sidewall of the primary groove and then touches the secondary ridge. The two-step wetting transition found on the structured surface is well explained by the correlation of the Laplace’s law, the Young’s equation, and the Gibbs extension. It is seen that such hierarchical structures offer significant possibilities for the development of hydrophobic surfaces.

From knowledge workers to knowmads: skills, roles and attributes – A literature review

Abstract This paper aims to achieve a comprehensive image of the knowmad worker. Over the past few decades, knowledge workers have been at the center of academic and practical interest in the knowledge management field. Without excluding other management directions, this specific segment developed for a better understanding and sustaining of organizational knowledge dynamics. Recently - associated with unpredictable changes in all aspects of our lives, that have a direct impact on the business market - the knowmad typology gained increasingly more interest in the academic field, being recognized as an emergent group of learners and workers. They are associated with better adapting skills, increased innovation and creativity performances compared to previous knowledge workers and these qualities ensure individual and organizational competitivity in the contemporary society, as this paper will show. While the primary focus of existing knowmad literature is on the education shift towards a competence-based approach, the working coordinates of these workers remain in a secondary position in the existing literature. Through extensive literature review, and by using a data analysis engine, key concepts have been identified and analyzed in a systematic comparison between knowmads and knowledge workers. The first part of this paper is focused on placing the knowmad workforce into the relevant social context. In the second part and third part, the knowledge worker and knowmad typologies are analyzed from skills, roles, and attributes perspective. Findings obtained through this research show that the knowmad workforce represents the unavoidable future worker, which is both a consequence and a solution for a business environment defined by continuous unpredictable changes. In this respect, future research directions should be focused on the management of knowmad workforce.

Corded Ware culture at Zagórze in the Middle Beskid (Polish Western Carpathians)

In 2012, series of archaeological rescue excavations were carried out at Zagórze, due to the construction of the Świnna Poręba retention reservoir on the Skawa river in Wadowice district (Lesser Poland voivodeship). During this research, in one of the excavated sites – no. 8 – a flint tool was discovered below the top of the slope in the diluvial cover, in the secondary position. The preliminary analysis showed that it is a so-called flame knife, characteristic tool of the Corded Ware culture. Sometime later, feature no. 894 was discovered, located approximately 35 meters from the aforementioned flame knife, at the top of the slope. Five fragments of pottery were found in this feature. Four of them have been classified as fragments of CWC ceramics, including fragments of a beaker and an amphora. On the basis of these finds, as well as comparisons to other sites, two hypotheses were formulated regarding the nature of the discovered feature: a flat grave or a feature of a settlement character. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis (including use-wear analysis of the flame knife) and interpretation of these discovered finds.