Secondary Oxidative Stress Research Articles

The Influence of Chlorpyrifos on the Nonenzymatic Antioxidants Content in Macrophytes Leaves.

Water pollution can be moved or limited by macrophytes in a phytoremediation process. The presence of insecticides in the plant life environment may affect physiological processes and contribute to the formation of secondary oxidative stress in plant tissues. To protect against oxidative stress, macrophytes have developed a system of mechanisms consisting of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The influence of various concentrations of chlorpyrifos on the nonenzymatic system in Canadian waterweed (Elodea canadensis Michx.), needle spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis) and water mint (Mentha aquatica L.) was studied. The differences in the value of the total concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as analysis of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, anthocyanin and carotenoid concentrations were determined in leaves. Research indicated a significant increase in the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in a solution with the highest concentration of chlorpyrifos while the opposite tendency was observed after analyses of the main assimilating pigments of plant tissues. It was concluded that aqueous plants exposed to toxic insecticide molecules created a defensive mechanism by nonenzymatic antioxidant systems and the amount of low-molecular weight compounds depended on the pollutant concentration which influenced biosynthesis mechanisms in plant cells.

Inflammatory Response and Secondary White Matter Damage to the Corpus Callosum after Focal Striatal Stroke in Rats.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disabilities worldwide, resulting in a debilitating condition occasioned by disturbances in the cerebral vasculature. Primary damage due to metabolic collapse is a quick outcome following stroke, but a multitude of secondary events, including excitotoxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress cause further cell death and functional impairment. In the present work, we investigated whether a primary ischemic damage into the dorsal striatum may cause secondary damage in the circumjacent corpus callosum (CC). Animals were injected with endothelin-1 and perfused at 3, 7, 14, and 30 post-lesion days (PLD). Sections were stained with Cresyl violet for basic histopathology and immunolabeled by antibodies against astrocytes (anti-GFAP), macrophages/microglia (anti-IBA1/anti MHC-II), oligodendrocytes (anti-TAU) and myelin (anti-MBP), and Anti-Nogo. There were conspicuous microgliosis and astrocytosis in the CC, followed by later oligodendrocyte death and myelin impairment. Our results suggest that secondary white matter damage in the CC follows a primary focal striatal ischemia in adult rats.

Advances of salt stress-responsive transcription factors in plants

Salt stress may cause primary osmotic stress and ion toxicity, as well as secondary oxidative stress and nutritional stress in plants, which hampers the agricultural production. Salt stress-responsive transcription factors can mitigate the damage of salt stress to plants through regulating the expression of downstream target genes. Based on the soil salinization and its damage to plants, and the central regulatory role of transcription factors in the plant salt stress-responsive signal transduction network, this review summarized the salt stress-responsive signal transduction pathways that the transcription factors are involved, and the application of salt stress-responsive transcription factors to enhance the salt tolerance of plants. We also reviewed the transcription factors-regulated complex downstream gene network which is formed by forming homo- or heterodimers between transcription factors and by forming complexes with regulatory proteins. This paper provides a theoretical basis for understanding the role of salt stress-responsive transcription factors in the salt stress regulatory network, which may facilitate the molecular breeding for improved stress resistance.

Водорастворимое производное фуллерена С70 как регулятор уровня активных форм кислорода в культивируемых клетках человека

Fullerene derivatives of C60 and C70 are being investigated as potential tools for drug delivery to the body. Additionally, these compounds have the ability to effectively bind reactive oxygen species (ROS) in solutions and can be used as radioprotectors and antioxidants. However, a study of water-soluble C60 fullerene previously showed that this compound is able not only to block ROS, but also to induce secondary oxidative stress associated with cell response to a significant decrease in ROS levels. In order to further analyse the response of human cells to the presence of fullerene in the medium, we investigated the effect of a water-soluble C70 fullerene derivative on cultured human skin fibroblasts. С70 fullerene in a non-toxic concentration causes transient oxidative stress, which manifested itself in a short-term increase in the cellular DNA oxidation level. Stress occurs 3 hours after fullerene-induced decrease in the antioxidant response gene NRF2 activity and an increase in the activity of the NOX4 gene, which encodes an enzyme catalysing hydrogen peroxide synthesis. 24 hours later, the level of DNA oxidation decreases to the control values. It is suggested that fullerenes can be used not only as antioxidants, but also as potential inducers of an adaptive response that increases cell survival under negative environmental influences.

Pseudocitrobacter anthropi reduces heavy metal uptake and improves phytohormones and antioxidant system in Glycine max L.

Heavy metal contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a great threat to modern humanity. A novel and natural technique of bioremediation using microbes for detoxification of heavy metals while improving plants' growth is the call of the day. In this study, exposing soybean plants to different concentrations (i.e., 10 and 50 ppm) of chromium and arsenic showed a severe reduction in agronomic attributes, higher reactive oxygen species production, and disruption in the antioxidant system. Contrarily, rhizobacterial isolate C18 inoculation not only rescued host growth, but also improved the production of nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., flavonoids, phenolic, and proline contents) and enzymatic antioxidants i.e., catalases, ascorbic acid oxidase, peroxidase activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation in leaves. Thereby, lowering secondary oxidative stress and subsequent damage. The strain was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing and was identified as Pseudocitrobacter anthropi. Additionally, the strain can endure metals up to 1200 ppm and efficient in detoxifying the effect of chromium and arsenic by regulating phytohormones (IAA 59.02µg/mL and GA 101.88 nM/mL) and solubilizing inorganic phosphates, making them excellent phytostimulant, biofertilizers, and heavy metal bio-remediating agent.

Metabolomic analyses on microbial primary and secondary oxidative stress responses

Food safety is veryimportant in our daily life. In food processing or disinfection, microorganisms are commonly exposed to oxidative stress perturbations. However, microorganisms can adapt and respond to physicochemical interventions, leading to difficulty and complexity for food safety assurance. Therefore, understanding the response mechanisms of microbes and providing an overview of the responses under oxidative stress conditions are beneficial for ensuring food safety for the industry. The current review takes the metabolomics approach to reveal small metabolite signatures and key pathway alterations during oxidative stress at the molecular and technical levels. These alterations are involved in primary oxidative stress responses due to inactivation treatments such as using hypochlorite (HOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), electrolyzed water (EW), irradiation, pulsed light (PL), electron beam (EB), and secondary oxidative stress responses due to exposures to excessive conditions such as heat, pressure, acid, and alkaline. Details on the putative origin of exogenous or endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are discussed, with particular attention paid to their effects on lipid, amino acid, nucleotide, and carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, mechanisms on counteracting oxidative stresses, stabilization of cell osmolality as well as energy provision for microbes to survive are also discussed.

Mitigating multiple stresses in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus with a novel dietary mixture of selenium nanoparticles and Omega-3-fatty acid

Effects of a novel dietary mixture of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) and omega-3-fatty acids i.e., Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mitigating arsenic pollution, high-temperature stress and bacterial infection were investigated in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. To aim this, four isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were prepared: control feed (no supplementation), Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 diet with EPA + DHA at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% as supplemented diets. Fish were reared under normal condition or concurrent exposure to arsenic (2.65 mg L−1), and temperature (34 °C) (As + T) stress for 105 days. The experiment was conducted with eight treatments in triplicates. Response to various stresses i.e., primary (cortisol), secondary (oxidative stress, immunity, and stress biomarkers) and tertiary stress response (growth performance, bioaccumulation and mortality due to bacterial infection) were determined. Supplementation of dietary Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 diet and EPA + DHA at 0.2 and 0.4% reduced the primary stress level. Exposure to arsenic and temperature (As + T) and fed with control diet and EPA + DHA at 0.6% aggravated the cortisol level. Anti-oxidative enzymes (Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase) and immunity (Nitroblue tetrazolium, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, total immunoglobulin and myeloperoxidase) of the fish were augmented by supplementation of Se-NPs and EPA + DHA at 0.2 and 0.4%. Neurotransmitter enzyme, HSP 70, Vitamin C were significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) with supplementation of Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 and EPA + DHA at 0.2 and 0.4%. Whereas total lipid, cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were reduced (p < 0.01) with the supplementation of Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 diet and EPA + DHA at 0.2 and 0.4%. Tertiary stress response viz. growth performance was also significantly enhanced with supplementation of Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 and EPA + DHA at 0.2 and 0.4% reared under As + T. Whereas arsenic bioaccumulation in fish tissues was significantly reduced with dietary supplementation of Se-NPs and EPA + DHA. Cumulative mortality and relative percentage survival were reduced with Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 and EPA + DHA at 0.2 and 0.4%. The investigation revealed that a novel combination of Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 and EPA + DHA at 0.4% followed by 0.2% has the potential to alleviate temperature stress, bacterial infection and arsenic pollution. Whereas diet containing Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg−1 diet and EPA + DHA at 0.6% was noticeably enhanced the stress in P. hypophthalmus.

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Potential Targets for Improving Prognosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a high mortality rate and causes long-term disability in many patients, often associated with cognitive impairment. However, the pathogenesis of delayed brain dysfunction after SAH is not fully understood. A growing body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a negative role in neurofunctional deficits. Red blood cells and hemoglobin, immune cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and peroxidases are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system after SAH. This review explores the role of various cellular and acellular components in secondary inflammation and oxidative stress after SAH, and aims to provide new ideas for clinical treatment to improve the prognosis of SAH.

Antioxidant responses to drought and salinity in Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Drought and salinity are amongst the most damaging environmental stressors that can affect a plant's life cycle, from germination to senescence. In the present study were analysed the responses to salinity and drought in greenhouse-controlled conditions of two varieties of Lavandula angustifolia. Three-month-old lavender seedlings were subjected to water deficit and salt stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) during a 30-day period. Complementing a previous analysis focused on stress tolerance mechanisms based on the regulation of ion transport and the synthesis of osmolytes, we have now evaluated the effects of the water deficit and salt treatments on the generation of secondary oxidative stress, by measuring malondialdehyde levels, and the activation of antioxidant systems, both non-enzymatic and enzymatic, determining total phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents and calculating superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase specific activities, respectively, in extracts of control and stressed plants. The results obtained confirm that both lavender varieties react in the same way to the applied stress treatments, activating the same antioxidant responses. However, some differences were observed when comparing the specific mechanisms triggered by each type of stress. Thus, the oxidative stress induced under drought conditions was counteracted by accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, without apparent involvement of antioxidant enzymes. Salt stress, on the other hand, in addition to an increase in flavonoid levels also induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. These antioxidant responses are likely to contribute to the relatively high tolerance (as compared to most crops) of lavender to drought and salinity.

Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots

Canavanine (CAN) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, and its toxicity comes from its utilization instead of arginine in many cellular processes. As presented in previous experiments, supplementation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with CAN led to decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and induced secondary oxidative stress. CAN improved total antioxidant capacity in roots, with parallel inhibition of enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this work was to determine how CAN-dependent limitation of NO emission and reactive oxygen species overproduction impact content, localization, and metabolism of phenolic compounds (PCs) in tomato roots. Tomato seedlings were fed with CAN (10 and 50 µM) for 24 or 72 h. Inhibition of root growth due to CAN supplementation correlated with increased concentration of total PCs; CAN (50 µM) led to the homogeneous accumulation of PCs all over the roots. CAN increased also flavonoids content in root tips. The activity of polyphenol oxidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased only after prolonged treatment with 50 µM CAN, while expressions of genes encoding these enzymes were modified variously, irrespectively of CAN dosage and duration of the culture. PCs act as the important elements of the cellular antioxidant system under oxidative stress induced by CAN.

Role of Secondary Oxidative Stress in the Bactericidal Action of Antibiotics

Exposure to β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, and aminoglycoside antibiotics caused an increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide and the expression of OxyR-regulon of the oxidative stress response in Escherichia coli cells. Under the conditions of microaeration, the attenuation of secondary oxidative stress due to the addition of the antioxidant thiourea influenced the antibacterial effect of fluoroquinolones. Thiourea potentiated the effect of sublethal (not decreasing the number of colony-forming units below 103/mL) doses of the antibiotic and increased the viability of cells exposed to lethal doses. The addition of thiourea reduced the expression of OxyR-regulon activated by the sublethal action of the antibiotic to the level of antibiotic-free culture. When exposed to lethal doses, a decrease in the antibiotic-mediated expression of oxidative stress response genes in the presence of thiourea was also observed; however, the expression level remained higher compared to antibiotic-free culture. This may indicate the dual role of ROS under antibiotic treatment as the damaging agents contributing to cell death and as signal molecules activating stress responses.

Differential expression between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive sugarcane under mild and moderate water stress as revealed by a comparative analysis of leaf transcriptome.

Sugarcane contributes 80% of global sugar production and to bioethanol generation for the bioenergy industry. Its productivity is threatened by drought that can cause up to 60% yield loss. This study used RNA-Seq to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism by which drought-tolerant sugarcane copes with water stress. We compared gene expression in KPS01-12 (drought-tolerant genotype) and UT12 (drought-sensitive genotype) that have significantly different yield loss rates under drought conditions. We treated KPS01-12 and UT12 with mild and moderate water stress and found differentially expressed genes in various biological processes. KPS01-12 had higher expression of genes that were involved in water retention, antioxidant secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and oxidative and osmotic stress response than UT12. In contrast, the sensitive genotype had more down-regulated genes that were involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and Calvin cycle than the tolerant genotype. Our obtained expression profiles suggest that the tolerant sugarcane has a more effective genetic response than the sensitive genotype at the initiation of drought stress. The knowledge gained from this study may be applied in breeding programs to improve sugarcane production in drought conditions.

Role of active transport of potassium to leaves in the mechanisms of tolerance to salinity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Biochemical markers are of great utility in screening for salt tolerance of crops. In common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), lower levels of proline under stress have been associated with a better stress resistance of cultivars. In the present study, the responses to salinity have been analysed in six cultivars of common beans: four local landraces from Spain and two experimental lines from Cuba. Proline was used for ranking the relative tolerance of the cultivars, confirming a previous study which reported as more stress-tolerant two of the Spanish landraces. Total soluble sugars concentrations varied with treatments and between genotypes, but it was difficult to assess their role in stress tolerance of the analysed plants. Sodium concentration in leaves was the lowest in one of the two salt-resistant cultivars, and potassium did not vary or even increased under salt stress in all of them, except for the most susceptible one, where a drop of this cation was registered under 150 mM NaCl. Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents did not indicate salt-induced membrane peroxidation resulting from secondary oxidative stress; consequently, accumulation of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as an antioxidant defence mechanism, was not detected. These results highlight the reliability of using proline as a biochemical marker of salt stress in common beans and the importance of the mechanism related to potassium transport to leaves in conferring stress tolerance to some common bean cultivars.

Maternal Metabolic Alterations in Monosodium Glutamate Fed Rats during Gestation and Lactation Period

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), an extensively used food additive, is claimed to cause many health problems, its use is still under debate. Aim: to explore the metabolic and hypertensive effect of MSG dietary administration in pregnant and lactating female rats, and its possible underlying mechanism. Methods: 16 adult female albino Wister rats were divided into 2 groups, control group; were fed standard rat chow, and MSG group; were fed 2% MSG supplemented rat chow throughout gestation and lactation period. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were measured at mid and late gestation, mid and late lactation periods. At mid lactation period, a retroorbital samples were analyzed for fasting glucose, lipid profile; triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), hormonal assays; insulin, glucagon, prolactin, corticosterone and ACTH, as well as pancreatic lipase, amylase and malondialdehyde (MDA). By the end of lactation, adipose tissue was assessed for glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) relative expression. Results: MSG rats showed elevated ABP during pregnancy and lactation, with impaired OGTT at mid and late lactation period. Fasting serum glucose, TGs, TC, LDL-C, glucagon, corticosterone, pancreatic lipase and amylase, MDA as well as adipose tissue HSL expression were significantly elevated, while, fasting serum insulin, ACTH and adipose tissue GLUT-4 expression were significantly declined in MSG fed rats as compared to control group. Conclusion: MSG feeding during pregnancy and lactation induced hypertension and metabolic alterations that could be due to pancreatic and adrenal affection secondary oxidative stress.

Effects of viral infection on biochemical protective reactions of wheat plants

The aim o f the work – to investigate the influence of viral infection on the biochemical plant protective reactions Materials and methods of the research – The researches were conducted on wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) of the Julia variety of foreign plant breeding. Methods of the research : Biometrics, DAS-ELISA, Kjeldahl method, anthron method for the determination of sugars, spectrophotometric methods. The statistical analysis of experimental data was carried out using the program “Libre Office Calc”GNU Lesser General Public Licensev 3). Results of the researches . The obtained results indicate that some of the response of wheat plants to infection with wheat stripe mosaic virus (WSMV) is disturbances in the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves and a decrease in protein content. An increase of the soluble sugars and flavonoids content and activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase at the affecting of WSMV was established. It may have a protective value. It was found, that the WSMV causes such nonspecific reactions of the plant cell as activation of lipid peroxidation and decrease of certain antioxidant enzymes (catalase et al.). It has been shown, that the activation of peroxidase, an increase of reduced glutathione content of cells, affected by WSMV, is the wheat plant protective reaction to the secondary oxidative stress that occurs in cells in the case of virus penetration. Conclusions . The study of the biochemical composition of wheat plants infected by WSMV, showed the presence of changes in some biochemical parameters which connected with the formation of plant defense mechanisms (content of photosynthetic pigments, protein, sugars, flavonoids, activity of PR proteins, intensity of oxidative and antioxidant processes). The obtained results can be used for selection of wheat varieties with economically valuable traits and complex resistance (both to climatic conditions of the environment and to phytoviral infections), which may be recommended for introduction into plant breeding and agricultural practice

Effect of antioxidants on the H2O2-induced premature senescence of human fibroblasts

The study was aimed at evaluation of the role of secondary oxidative stress in the stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of human fibroblasts induced by H2O2. Two fibroblast lines were used: lung MRC-5 and ear H8F2p25LM fibroblasts. The lines differed considerably in sensitivity to H2O2 (IC50 of 528 and 33.5 μM, respectively). The cells were exposed to H2O2 concentrations corresponding to IC50 and after 24 h supplemented with a range of antioxidants. Most of antioxidants studied slightly augmented the survival of fibroblasts at single concentrations or in a narrow concentration range, but the results were not consistent among the cell lines. Chosen antioxidants (4-amino-TEMPO, curcumin, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid) did not restore the level of glutathione decreased by H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide treatment did not induce secondary production of H2O2 and even decreased it, decreased mitochondrial potential in both cell lines and induced changes in the mitochondrial mass inconsistent between the lines. Antioxidant protected mitochondrial potential only in H8F2p25LM cells, but attenuated changes in mitochondrial mass. These results speak against the intermediacy of secondary oxidative stress in the SIPS induced by H2O2 and suggest that the small protective action of antioxidants is due to their effects on mitochondria.

Influence of sucrose concentration in the culture medium on the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus of grapes cultured in vitro

An influence of different sucrose concentrations in the culture media on the photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic apparatus related genes expression, oxidative processes and acclimation of grape plants cultured in vitro was examined in this article. An increase of the sucrose concentration in the culture media resulted in a reduced expression of several photosynthetic genes. The most effective functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus was discovered by a decreased amount of surcose in culture media. An increase of the sucrose concentration in the culture media disrupts pigments synthesis, particularly carotenoids, which can be a cause of the secondary oxidative stress formation and grape plants growth reduction during acclimation.

Molybdenum Induces Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Kidney of Goats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of excessive molybdenum (Mo) on renal function and oxidative stress in goats. Twenty-seven healthy goats were randomly allotted in three groups and were fed deionized water to which sodium molybdate [(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O] was added at different doses of 0, 15, and 45 mg Mo/(kg·BW) for 50 days, respectively. The results indicated that white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (HGB), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) were tended to decrease with the increasing of the experimental period in high-Mo group compared with the control group. Besides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) contents in serum were increased (P < 0.05) in both groups supplemented with molybdenum. Meanwhile, contents of copper (Cu) from the both experimental groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while contents of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were increased (P < 0.05) in serum. The contents of Cu were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the contents of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) did not obviously change (P > 0.05) in the kidney. In addition, the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the mitochondria, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression significantly increased (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicated that excess Mo exposure could induce secondary Cu deficiency and oxidative stress in the kidney, which finally undermine the renal function of goats.

Oxidized Cell-Free DNA Is a Factor of Stress Signaling in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects in Different Types of Human Cells

In pathology or under damaging conditions, the properties of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) change. An example of such change is GC enrichment, which drastically alters the biological properties of cfDNA. GC-rich cfDNA is a factor of stress signaling, whereas genomic cfDNA is biologically inactive. GC-rich cfDNA stimulates TLR9-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade, leading to an increase in proinflammatory cytokine levels in the organism. In addition, GC-rich DNA is prone to oxidation and oxidized cfDNA can stimulate secondary oxidative stress. This article is a review of works dedicated to the investigation of a low-dose ionizing radiation effect, a bystander effect, and the role of cfDNA in both of these processes.

Recretohalophyte Tamarix TrSOS1 confers higher salt tolerance to transgenic plants and yeast than glycophyte soybean GmSOS1

The SOS1 (Salt Overly Sensitive 1) gene has been widely investigated in plants including many glycophytes and a few euhalophytes. The encoded plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, SOS1, is mainly responsible for transporting Na+ outside the cell and reducing the Na+ content in plants under salt stress, and has been considered a key determinant in conferring plant salt tolerance. However, studies on the function of the SOS1 gene from recretohalophyte Tamarix have not yet been reported. In this work, the TrSOS1 gene was first transformed into Arabidopsis wild type and the sos1 mutant mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the soybean hairy root-composite plant by A. rhizogenes. Then, alongside the glycophyte soybean GmSOS1 gene as a reference, the TrSOS1 gene, including genes derived by site-directed mutagenesis, were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type and mutants. The differences in growth phenotype and physiological responses under salt stress were compared. The results showed that, overexpression of the TrSOS1 gene in Arabidopsis wild type and sos1 mutant could significantly improve transgenic plant growth and reduce Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in the shoots. As a result, the secondary oxidative stress was also alleviated by reducing the O2−· production rate, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the shoots, thereby displaying enhanced salt tolerance and the complementary effects on the sos1 mutant were more prominent. The overexpression of TrSOS1 in yeast mutants (ena1nha1 or ena1nhx1) also suppressed salt sensitivity by reducing the cellular Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio, especially for the plasma membrane antiporter NHA1 mutant, ena1nha1. In terms of the yeast mutant complementation, the effects of overexpressing the intact TrSOS1 or mutated TrSOS1A238V gene were superior to those of the GmSOS1 or GmSOS1A241V gene, regardless of the yeast growth phenotype or the regulation of cellular Na+ and K+ levels. This reveals that the recretohalophyte Tamarix TrSOS1 gene may have higher efficiency than the glycophyte soybean GmSOS1 gene in regulating Na+ efflux, maintaining Na+ and K+ homeostasis, and therefore contributing to stronger salt tolerance.