Screening Of Secondary Metabolites Research Articles

Identification Of Bioactive Phytochemicals By GC-MS Profiling, Phytochemical Screening, And TLC Using Methanolic Extract Of Carissa Carandas Linn Leaf

Background Carissa carandas (Apocynaceae) is a thorny evergreen shrub known as Karonda. It has small berry-shaped fruits, used as an additive in many pickles or spices in northern India. Objective The objective was to identify the phytochemical constituents, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and TLC screening by using a methanolic extract from the leaves of Carissa carandas. Methods and materials Leaves of C. carandas were collected, shade dried, pulverized, and extracted successively with methanol by the Soxhlet technique. The crude extracts were later exposed to phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites, thin-layer chromatography, and GC-MS analysis. Result The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, phenol, steroid, carbohydrate, glycosides, and terpenoids. TLC analysis was performed, and the Rf value was calculated. The GC-MS analysis determined the presence of 6 main phytochemical compounds in the methanolic extract of Carissa carandas leaf, showing that there were different types of high and low molecular weight compounds. Conclusion The results of the present study pave the invention of herbal medicines for several ailments by using the Carissa carandas plant, which may lead to the development of novel drugs.

Preliminary phytochemical screening for various secondary metabolites, quantitative and qualitative analysis of Yemeni Aloe vera and Aloe vacillans flower extracts

Preliminary phytochemical screening for various secondary metabolites, quantitative and qualitative analysis of Yemeni Aloe vera and Aloe vacillans flower extracts

Qualitative screening and Quantitative determination of secondary metabolites from different plant extracts of Solanum khasianum Clarke

The medicinal plants have gained significant importance in traditional medicine and pharmacy due to wide variety of curative properties. The medicinal properties of the plants rely on the presence of various phytoconstituents. The present study focused on screening of phytochemicals from different parts (leaf, stem, petiole, fruit and root) of Solanum khasianum using solvents with varying polarity like methanol, butanol, chloroform, acetonitrile and water. The qualitative screening of phytoconstituents showed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, saponins and absence of quinones in all 25 extracts tested. The quantitative determination showed that root extract contains considerable amounts of total flavonoids (214.74±0.45), total phenols (183.47±0.38), total alkaloids (132.46±0.28), total antioxidants (95.66±0.27), total tannins (14.66±0.07) whereas total saponins were present in high content in fruit methanolic extract (44.99±0.33). The presence of these phytoconstituents indicates the therapeutic potential of S. khasianum and scientifically validates the traditional use of this plant.

"In-silico screening of Penicillium janthinellum KTMT5 secondary metabolites against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr kinases

"In-silico screening of Penicillium janthinellum KTMT5 secondary metabolites against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr kinases

Screening of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of Some Indian Spices

Screening of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of Some Indian Spices

Aktivitas Antioksidan, Total Fenolik, dan Total Flavonoid Madu Apis mellifera dari Hutan Akasia (Accacia crassicarpa) Riau, Indonesia dengan Beberapa Perlakuan Pengeringan

Indonesian honey has high water content and often exceeds the limitation of standard quality appointed by national and international regulation. It is caused by the high humidity and the hygroscopic character of honey itself. Riau Province is one of the highest producers of honey, but the water content is high, about 23-27%. Heating can be used to decrease the water content, but it increases the risk of damage to honey’s secondary metabolites and may lose the functional character of honey towards human health. There is limited research that observes the effect of heating on honey’s secondary metabolites. Our research aimed to evaluate the effect of heating on Apis mellifera honey from acacia forest, Province of Riau, Indonesia towards the stability of honey’s secondary metabolites including water content analysis, screening of secondary metabolites, determination of antioxidant activity, measurement of TPC and TFC. The results show that the heating of 50 0C for 5 days and the heating of 1050C for 6 hours can decrease water content of honey without disturbing stability of honey’s secondary metabolites. It is showed by the score of IC50 of honey without heating (21103,74 μg/mL) is higher than the IC50 of honey heated by 500C (16503,83 μg/mL) and heated by 105 0C (777,33 μg/mL). The low value of IC50 indicates the high antioxidant activity, it is inline with TPC and TFC. The TPC and TFC without heating (TPC= 0,67 mgGAE/g; TFC=0,34 mgQE/g) is lower than sample heated by 500C (TPC=1,59 mgGAE/g; TFC=0,46 mgQE/g) and 1050C (TPC=13,94 mgGAE/g; TFC=4,37 mgQE/g).

S3.4c A pipeline toward the identification of novel antifungal compounds derived from the microbial dark matter

S3.4 Free oral paper session, September 21, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PMBackgroundThe current armamentarium of antifungal drugs and the restricted variety in antifungal drug classes combined with the ever-rising threat of resistant fungal pathogens highlighted the urgent need for novel antifungal compounds. Natural antifungal secondary metabolites have always been the prevalent source for drug development, exemplified by the echinocandin and polyene drug classes. Yet, the golden age discovery platforms were abandoned due to compound rediscovery and its paired economic cost.StudyIn an effort to revive the original success stories, we combined the traditional approach of sampling and screening for active secondary metabolites with present-day advances in sequencing, genome mining, impedance spectroscopy, HPLC, LCMS, and NMR.Soil bacteria and fungi were isolated through in situ cultivation via the iChip method. After application of the OSMAC approach, 389 broths were identified with activity against Candida albicans. To prioritize active extracts, several criteria were set up; low to absent mammalian host cell toxicity, activity against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens including wild-type reference strains, and established antifungal drug-resistant variants and species identification of the producing strain. Continuing, Lead hits were purified utilizing bioactivity-based semi-preparative HPLC. The resulting pure fractions were analyzed by tandem LCMS-MS, and proposed structures were later confirmed with NMR. In vitro and in vivo validation of the purified compounds will be performed.Additionally, aside from discovering a novel antifungal compound, another project goal is to gauge if impedance spectroscopy can provide an early suggestion regarding the mode of action of the present antifungal agent. For this, a POC study was performed which showed that different antifungal drug classes provide distinct signature response profiles by which they can be classified. As such, when active secretion broths show unique impedance profiles, in comparison with the signature profiles of established antifungal drugs, it suggests that they work through a different mode of action.ResultsSeveral species were identified as producing antifungal secondary metabolites that are currently absent in the literature. Either the compound itself was unknown or literature never described the species as a producer of a known, or variant of a known antimycotic compound. Moreover, several species are novel based on Illumina sequencing. Genera producing our current lead hits include bacteria: Pseudomonas, Tsukamurella, Paraburkholderia, and fungi: Athelia, Penicillium. Within the collection, the Pseudomonas species appear to produce variants of the antimycotic iron-chelating pyoverdine class.

Screening and Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites and Antimicrobial Activity of Saline and Non-Saline Aloe barbadensis Miller Plant

Screening and Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites and Antimicrobial Activity of Saline and Non-Saline Aloe barbadensis Miller Plant

Insight into Screening of Secondary Metabolites, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Raphanus sativus L. Cultivated in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Insight into Screening of Secondary Metabolites, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Raphanus sativus L. Cultivated in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Investigation of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Fenugreek Leaves and Seeds to Justify its Use in Topical Creams for Preventing Inflammation and Joint-Pain

Many plants that we consume on a daily basis are known for their medicinal values since ancient times. Research has now once again picked up, to restore those beliefs on a more scientific basis by rigorous investigation and checking of phytochemicals present in the plants. One such plant of interest is Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). This study includes preparation of crude extracts of Fenugreek leaves and seeds by Soxhlet, phytochemical detection and preliminary screening of Fenugreek secondary metabolites, such as, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Phenolics, Steroids, Terpenoids, Saponins, etc., followed by depiction of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its eventual use in formulating a medicinal cream. Keywords : Anti- inflammatory, Biochemical assays, Fenugreek, Medicinal Plant, Methanolic Extraction, Phytochemical Analysis.

P-099: ANTI-SICKLING STUDY OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF TINOSPORA CARDIFOLIA AND TERMINALIA BELLIRICA

Purpose: Introduction: - Sickle cell anaemia also known as drepanocytosis, is a genetic blood related disease in which red blood cells form an cresent (sickle) or abnormal shape. This genetic disease is due to a change in the beta globin chain of haemoglobin glutamic acid (a polar amino acid) is replaced by valine (a non – polar) amino acid. This genetical change reduces the binding of haemoglobin for oxygen. At the low oxygen level the mutant haemoglobin, known as sickle haemoglobin (Hbss). Medicinal plants have been used in Indian folk medicine in the remedy of sickle cell anaemia by inhibiting sickling. This work was therefore aimed at screening the antisickling study of the aqueous extract of stems of T. Cardifolia and fruits of T.bellirica used in the Indian herbal medicine. Objective:- The present study investigates the preliminary screening of secondary metabolites of aqueous extracts of T. Cardifolia(stems) and T.bellirica(fruits) and invitro antisickling test (sickling reversal test). Materials and methods: Standard methods of phytochemical analysis of T. Cardifolia(stems) and T.bellirica(fruits) and sickling reversal test (invitro antisickling test), stems of T. Cardifolia,fruits of T.bellirica and Hbss blood samples etc. Results: Screening of secondary metabolites (bioactive molecules) and sickling reversal test were carried out using standard methods. The phyto-chemical screening indicated the presence of secondary metabolites (bioactive molecules) viz - alkaloids,flavonoids,phenols, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides etc. The results of antisickling reversal test that T. cardifolia(stems) and T. bellirica (fruits) exhibited potential antisickling property. Conclusion: The percentage of sickle cells of untreated Hbss was statistically significant higher than treated Hbss. The percentage of sickle cells decreased on the addition of aqueous extract of T. cardifolia stems and T. bellirica fruits on induced Hbss blood, which indicates the reversal of of Hbss blood to normal biconcave shape due to the presence of bioactive molecules, which have sickling reversal (anti-sickling property) and anti haemolytic properties. The authors do not declare any conflict of interest

Bonactin and Feigrisolide C Inhibit Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum Fungus and Control Wheat Blast Disease.

Wheat blast caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of wheat. During the screening of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, we observed two marine secondary metabolites, bonactin and feigrisolide C, extracted from the marine bacteria Streptomyces spp. (Act 8970 and ACT 7619), remarkably inhibited the hyphal growth of an MoT isolate BTJP 4 (5) in vitro. In a further study, we found that bonactin and feigrisolide C reduced the mycelial growth of this highly pathogenic isolate in a dose-dependent manner. Bonactin inhibited the mycelial development of BTJP 4 (5) more effectively than feigrisolide C, with minimal concentrations for inhibition being 0.005 and 0.025 µg/disk, respectively. In a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, these marine natural products greatly reduced conidia production in the mycelia. Further bioassays demonstrated that these secondary metabolites could inhibit the MoT conidia germination, triggered lysis, or conidia germinated with abnormally long branched germ tubes that formed atypical appressoria (low melanization) of BTJP 4 (5). Application of these natural products in a field experiment significantly protected wheat from blast disease and increased grain yield compared to the untreated control. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of bonactin and feigrisolide C that inhibited mycelial development, conidia production, conidial germination, and morphological modifications in the germinated conidia of an MoT isolate and suppressed wheat blast disease in vivo. To recommend these compounds as lead compounds or biopesticides for managing wheat blast, more research is needed with additional MoT isolates to identify their exact mode of action and efficacy of disease control in diverse field conditions.

Preliminary phytochemical screening for various secondary metabolites, quantitative and qualitative analysis of Yemeni brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare

Sargassum Vulgare was collected from the Red sea coastlines, Al-Hodeida, Yemen, and dried. The dried powder was subjected to consecutive extraction by methanol. The dried methanol extract was subjected to solvent fractionation (n-hexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents). Sargassum vulgare polysaccharides (S.R1P, S.R1M, S.R5s, and S.R5ss) were isolated by precipitation with methanol. [19] The methanol extract and n-hexane fraction were evaluated phytochemically. The physicochemical characteristics and FT-IR analysis of Sargassum vulgare polysaccharides (S.R1P, S.R1M, S.R5s, and S.R5ss) were investigated, the chemical composition of the Sargassum vulgare n-hexane fraction was evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis [8]. Phytochemical investigation revealed that both methanol extract and n-hexane fraction of Sargassum vulgare contained alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, fats, and fixed oils. Moreover, Sargassum vulgare methanol extract exhibited a high amount of carbohydrates (41.33%) mainly polysaccharides [40][41][42]. The physicochemical characteristics and FT-IR analysis of polysaccharides (S.R1P, S.R1M, S.R5s, and S.R5ss) revealed that all the obtained polysaccharides were alginates with traces of sulfate polysaccharides except S.R1M. [30][34][35]

Preliminary phytochemical screening for various secondary metabolites, quantitative and qualitative analysis of Yemeni brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare

Preliminary phytochemical screening for various secondary metabolites, quantitative and qualitative analysis of Yemeni brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare

Quality Evaluation of Apis laboriosa and Apis mellifera Honey Collected from Bagmati Province, Nepal

Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by Apis sp. from floral nectar or other plant parts which are gathered, modified and stored in the honeycombs by honeybees. The current research was aimed to analyze the quality parameters of locally available honey. Honey samples of Apis laboriosa and Apis mellifera were collected during spring of 2019 & 2021 and autumn 2021 from the Bagmati province, Nepal. Samples were analyzed their physicochemical and phytochemical properties. The result shows that, the pH was ranged between [4.467 0.0306 - 5.05 0.02], rheological studies showed Newtonian flow and pseudo-plastic type of Non-Newtonian flow, specific optical rotation was ranged between [(+) 5.75 0.4684 - (-) 12.71 0.234], specific gravity was ranged between [1.35 0.00017 - 1.409 0.00022], moisture content was ranged between [19.2% - 25%]. Secondary Metabolite screening showed the honey samples possesses flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, amino acids, protein and reducing sugar. Total phenolic content was ranged between [1.0427 - 6.86288] gm GAE/Kg honey while total flavonoid content ranged between [0.016755 - 0.353132] gm QE/Kg Honey. IC50 obtained from DPPH assay ranged between [649.6465 - 9867.1617] ppm. Properties and qualities of honey are affected by seasonal factors and various floral sources. The samples were in positive correlation between flavanoid content, phenolic content and their respective anti-oxidant potency.

Secondary Metabolites Screening of Wild Mushrooms and Assessment of their In-Vitro Anti-Diabetic Property

This study aimed to screen the secondary metabolites present in ten wild mushroom samples. All samples tested positive for phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, while six samples showed positive results for steroids and four for terpenoids. Phlobatannins were present in six samples, and glycosides were present in four. No anthraquinones were detected in any samples. In-vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay showed promising anti-diabetic potential, with inhibition ranging from 12.34 ± 0.50 to 93.86 ± 0.12% among the tested mushrooms. Samples 1M and 3M exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-amylase. These findings suggest that these wild mushrooms could be utilized to develop novel nutraceuticals with potential human health benefits.

Secondary Metabolite Screening of Extracted Oil from Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (Nipa Palm)

Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (Nipa palm) oil was extracted from its ripe, semi-matured, fruits. Nipa palm possesses a diverse array of biological characteristics that can be a huge advantage to many fields and industries. The objective of the study is to characterize nipa palm oil extract through physicochemical analysis and secondary metabolite screening. The physicochemical properties determined were density, pH level, viscosity, solubility, and rancidity. The secondary metabolites such as tannin, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, and glycoside were also determined. Characteristic data for physicochemical analysis of nipa palm oil extract exhibited the following; a density of 1.34g/mL, acidic (6 pH level), more viscous (3.16/second), immiscible to hexane at room temperature, miscible to ethanol, water-soluble, and not rancid. Qualitative data for secondary metabolites showed the presence of only saponin and alkaloids among the test used. Overall, nipa palm oil extract has superior characteristics and can be a potential source of therapeutically and industrially important compounds.

Marine Natural Product Antimycin A Suppresses Wheat Blast Disease Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum.

The application of chemical pesticides to protect agricultural crops from pests and diseases is discouraged due to their harmful effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, alternative approaches for crop protection through microbial or microbe-originated pesticides have been gaining momentum. Wheat blast is a destructive fungal disease caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, which poses a serious threat to global food security. Screening of secondary metabolites against MoT revealed that antimycin A isolated from a marine Streptomyces sp. had a significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of antimycin A on some critical life stages of MoT and evaluate the efficacy of wheat blast disease control using this natural product. A bioassay indicated that antimycin A suppressed mycelial growth (62.90%), conidiogenesis (100%), germination of conidia (42%), and the formation of appressoria in the germinated conidia (100%) of MoT at a 10 µg/mL concentration. Antimycin A suppressed MoT in a dose-dependent manner with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.005 μg/disk. If germinated, antimycin A induced abnormal germ tubes (4.8%) and suppressed the formation of appressoria. Interestingly, the application of antimycin A significantly suppressed wheat blast disease in both the seedling (100%) and heading stages (76.33%) of wheat at a 10 µg/mL concentration, supporting the results from in vitro study. This is the first report on the inhibition of mycelial growth, conidiogenesis, conidia germination, and detrimental morphological alterations in germinated conidia, and the suppression of wheat blast disease caused by a Triticum pathotype of M. Oryzae by antimycin A. Further study is required to unravel the precise mode of action of this promising natural compound for considering it as a biopesticide to combat wheat blast.

Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Power of Polyphenols of Leaves, Fruits, and Bark of Pistacia atlantica Desf. from Morocco

Pistacia atlantica Desf. is a widely used plant species in the traditional medicine for its various pharmacological properties. The aim of this study is the valorisation of polyphenols and the antioxidant power of three organs from Pistacia atlantica Desf. (leaves, fruits, and bark). Phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites was performed using precipitation and coloring reactions. Total phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified, respectively, by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the aluminum trichloride method, and the vanillin method. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity was made using two methods: DPPH∗(2,2′-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The obtained results showed that the three organs of Pistacia atlantica are rich in total phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The highest contents of total phenols and flavonoids are recorded by the crude fruit extract, 723 mg EGA/gE and 34.57 mg EQ/gE, respectively, while the highest content of condensed tannins is recorded in the butanolic extract of the leaves (997.58 mg ECat/gE). The antioxidant activity of the three organs extracts from Pistacia atlantica Desf. confirmed their strong antiradical power, much higher than that of ascorbic acid and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). Indeed, the concentration of the crude extract of P. atlantica leaves reducing 50% of the DPPH∗free radicals (IC50) is 27.22 μg/ml. This concentration is much lower than those of ascorbic acid (31.44 μg/ml) and BHA (46.25 μg/ml). The antioxidant power using the FRAP method has also shown that the leaves extract of this species has a much higher reducing capacity of iron than those of the reference standards. A positive correlation between antioxidant capacities and flavonoids contents of leaves and fruits extracts was observed. The two methods (DPPH∗and FRAP) proved that the three organ extracts of Pistacia atlantica possess very remarkable antioxydant activity. These extracts could be exploited as natural antioxidants against the oxidation phenomenons and the oxidative stress in several fields (food, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and others).

Bioactivity-Guided Screening of Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from Antarctic Cultivable Fungus Acrostalagmus luteoalbus CH-6 Combined with Molecular Networking.

With the increasingly serious antimicrobial resistance, discovering novel antibiotics has grown impendency. The Antarctic abundant microbial resources, especially fungi, can produce unique bioactive compounds for adapting to the hostile environment. In this study, three Antarctic fungi, Chrysosporium sp. HSXSD-11-1, Cladosporium sp. HSXSD-12 and Acrostalagmus luteoalbus CH-6, were found to have the potential to produce antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, the crude extracts of CH-6 displayed the strongest antimicrobial activities with 72.3–84.8% growth inhibition against C. albicans and Aeromonas salmonicida. The secondary metabolites of CH-6 were researched by bioactivity tracking combined with molecular networking and led to the isolation of two new α-pyrones, acrostalapyrones A (1) and B (2), along with one known analog (3), and three known indole diketopiperazines (4–6). The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were identified through modified Mosher’s method. Compounds 4 and 6 showed strong antimicrobial activities. Remarkably, the antibacterial activity of 6 against A. salmonicida displayed two times higher than that of the positive drug Ciprofloxacin. This is the first report to discover α-pyrones from the genus Acrostalagmus, and the significant antimicrobial activities of 4 and 6 against C. albicans and A. salmonicida. This study further demonstrates the great potential of Antarctic fungi in the development of new compounds and antibiotics.