Secondary Sources Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Accelerating Halal Product Certification: Regulations and Companions

A variety of regulations have regulated halal certification policies. However, the implementation of accelerated halal certification regulations in Indonesia has not been effective because there still needs to be improvement in substance, structure, and legal culture. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of accelerating halal certification between Indonesia and Malaysia. This socio-legal research uses a comparative approach with Malaysia. The data used are primary and secondary interviews, surveys, case studies, and literature studies. The research results show that, first, that the effectiveness of halal product regulations in Indonesia has yet to be maximized in terms of substance, structure, and legal culture. Second, the regulatory and companion factors required for halal certification are strategies to accelerate halal certification in Indonesia. The government must promptly enhance regulations regarding halal products, supervise law enforcement, and conduct outreach and education initiatives for the public in response to the numerous challenges encountered in expediting halal product certification. This research will impact accelerating certification, which can increase economic growth and serve as a legal basis for formulating the adoption of Indonesian government regulations.

Peran Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara dalam Menanggulangi Eksploitasi Perempuan dan Anak

Human trafficking, especially the exploitation of women and children, is a serious problem that threatens humanity in the ASEAN region. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has an important role in tackling this phenomenon. This research aims to analyze ASEAN's role in tackling human trafficking, with a focus on the exploitation of women and children, as well as to identify challenges and provide recommendations for improvement. The research method used is the normative juridical method, which examines various legal materials as the main basis for answering research problems. A statutory and conceptual approach is used to examine relevant legal instruments and examine concepts related to human trafficking, human rights, and the protection of women and children. Data was collected through document studies and secondary literature, then analyzed qualitatively to evaluate ASEAN's role and effectiveness in tackling human trafficking. The research results show that ASEAN has adopted various legal instruments, including the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons (ACTIP), but implementation and coordination between member countries is still a major challenge. The role of civil society and non-governmental organizations is also important in supporting efforts to combat human trafficking in the ASEAN region. Recommendations are suggested to strengthen policy implementation, increase regional cooperation, and strengthen protection for victims, especially women and children.

Public Policy Analysis: Root Causes and Solutions of Sexual Violence in Aceh

This paper aims to analyze the problem of sexual violence in Aceh using the Multiple Perspective Analysis theory introduced by William N Dunn. Sexual violence is complex problem with cases like an iceberg phenomenon where few cases are visible or openly reported while the majority of the problem remains hidden or undetected. Sexual violence cases in Indonesia are difficult to handle in many provinces, such as Aceh, where this problem has been a protracted problem that must be resolved with effective solutions. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method with secondary data sources and literature studies. The results found by the researcher show that the problem of sexual violence in Aceh caused by multiple factors ranging lack of availability for safe house facilities and the unoptimal service system from the PPA unit at Aceh police, TPKS Law that cannot be implemented optimally due to overlapping regulations with Qanun Jinayat, and the taboo discussion of “sex” in the community that impacts survivors who often get negative stigma from the community. This research provides useful implications for a sustainable sexual violence response system in Aceh that requires effective leadership from the government, efficient infrastructure, and an effective response system.

Memahami Ancaman Venture Capital Zombie Terhadap Stabilitas Ekonomi: Analisis Dampak Modal Ventura Yang Tidak Produktif Pada Keseimbangan Finansial Global

This research examines the "Venture Capital Zombie" phenomenon and its implications for global economic stability. "Venture Capital Zombie" refers to venture capital firms that continue to operate despite being unable to generate significant profits or innovations. This study employs secondary data analysis, literature review, and policy analysis to minimize the economic impact of zombie venture capital. The research findings indicate that this phenomenon can hinder innovation, create resource allocation distortions, and increase systemic risk. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) in Indonesia has identified this issue and is preparing regulations to address it. This study suggests the need for stricter supervision, investment diversification, and better risk mitigation strategies to reduce the negative impact of "venture capital zombies." The conclusions of this research provide valuable insights for policymakers and financial practitioners in efforts to maintain global economic stability.

Analisi Kontribusi dan Efektivitas Penetapan NJOP Berdasarkan Perhitungan Pajak Daerah Pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan Daerah Kata Gunungsitoli

The realization of land and building tax in the Gunungsitoli City Government in 2021-2022 does not correspond to the level of contribution and effectiveness in PAD revenue which is still classified as very low. This research aims to analyze how big the contribution and effectivenes of land building taxes is in increasing the Regional Original Income of Gunungsitoli City. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive method that uses secondary data and literature with the data source coming from the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency (RFRMA) of Gunungsitoli City. In this research, the time period used was 2021-2022 with data analysis using overlay analysis techniques. The research results show that the contribution value is carried out using a tax and levy revenue matrix based on an overlay analysis for 2021-2022. In the 2 (two) year period from 2021 - 2022, the value of the land and building tax contribution includes the criteria for very less in contributing to local original.

The Geoeconomic Turn in EU Trade and Investment Policy: Implications for Developing Countries

The so-called geoeconomic turn in global trade policy-making has changed the context in which the European Union positions itself as a trade actor. However, there is little scholarly attention paid to how the geoeconomic turn affects the EU’s relations with developing countries. This article analyses the potential implications of new EU autonomous trade and investment instruments for developing countries, and how the EU has taken these consequences into account when designing them. We rely on a combination of desk research of official documents, trade data, and secondary literature complemented with expert interviews. We find that a trade-off between geoeconomic and development objectives is more pertinent in sustainability-related than in competitiveness- and security-oriented instruments. In these sustainability instruments, differential treatment of developing countries rarely features in the design—despite some proposals having been made. The geoeconomic turn has thus made it more difficult to align the different objectives in the EU’s trade and investment policies, and development concerns are sometimes relegated to the background.

Liberatory Praxis in Operatic Rehearsal Processes

As a young operatic performer-scholar, I have observed issues in the industry that I believe stem from opera’s complex, authoritative power structure and many of its leaders’ refusals to change this structure. In working towards rectifying these issues, I ask: How can the operatic rehearsal process, specifically, embrace measures of liberatory praxis and power disruption? Drawing on secondary literature regarding historical practices, philosophies of power, and liberatory praxis in music education, and a roundtable discussion I facilitated among opera practitioners on leadership and power structures, I developed a workshop in which I aimed to enable singers’ agency using alternative rehearsal methods. This workshop used a collaborative, democratic structure which honoured each participant’s expertise and prioritized discussions of the goals of the workshop and of each individual participant. Although some singers seemed uneasy with a collaborative structure of rehearsal as opposed to one with a central authoritative figure, my personal observations and a survey completed by workshop participants showed that singers gained agency through the employment of democratic, liberatory rehearsal praxis. Based on these results, I recommend that opera companies adopt a structure of democracy and collaborative discussion of personal and social praxis to expand singers’ agency. These results also suggest that continued study in singers’ praxis, agency, and power in operatic processes is needed.

Research and Development Collaborations Within the Context of a South African Developmental State

The article explores the significance of research and development (R&D) collaborations and partnerships between government and academia as a strategy to be employed in shaping the developmental agenda in states. The authors provide both a conceptual view and findings from primary data which interrogated the notion that a ‘research community’ should be anchored on its collaborative efforts and continuously strive for partnership creations with the aim of transforming societies and serving the public. An observation is made on the prospects of South Africa’s provincial governments and academia forging collaborations and partnerships with an open approach and common goals in order for the collaborations to have a purposeful meaning to the public. The current state of affairs in South Africa as alluded to in the National Development Plan (NDP) warrants for a developmental agenda that is dominated by knowledge production, dissemination and its uptake thereof. This context therefore enjoins different role players such as government and academia/research institutions and the private sector to work together and solve developmental problems such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and service delivery challenges. It is through initiatives such as R&D collaborations and partnerships that these aforementioned challenges can be curbed; however, this requires these sectors to do things differently. The Public Management Reform Theory provided the theoretical framework in this article as it advocates for an improved public sector’s administrative structures, coordination, management and operations. In addition, this theory envisages a better and modernized public service that delivers services in an effective and efficient manner. The theory points out to a paradigm shift in terms of how the public sector is traditionally perceived to one that is modernized, decentralized, customer friendly and economically and socially reformed. The methodology adopted in this article includes a qualitative research method, desktop research and document analysis. There is substantial primary data and secondary literature in the public domain that was used to substantiate arguments advanced in this article. It should be noted that over the years, there has been on-going academic conversations on research collaborations between academia and the public sector as a prerequisite for socio-economic development; therefore, this article is further contributing to this debate.

The Impact of AQAP’s Governing Structure on Foreign Fighter Civilian Victimization

What role does rebel governance play on the level of civilian casualties stemming from foreign fighters (FF)? I focus on the connection between rebel group governance and the amount of civilian victimization that FF conduct. I argue that inclusive governing structures can decrease the amount of disembeddedness that FF experience, which decreases their propensity for violence against civilians. To make my argument, I use a process tracing model to analyze the evolution of Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)’s governing structure in Yemen and what impact that has on the violence that is experienced by civilians. I use primary literature and sources along with secondary literature gathered from the NEXIS database to detail the two phases of AQAP: (2008–2011) and (2012–2016). The analysis is largely supportive of the argument that rebel governance can have a positive impact on FF civilian victimization.

STUDI LITERATUR: ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF SIGNALING THEORY

This article aims to analyze the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from a signaling theory perspective. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach by looking at secondary data literature. The data sources obtained come from scientific publications, papers, and articles that summarize information relevant to the research topic. Sample selection is carried out by observing and analyzing various information related to the research to combine research findings that are the same as the researcher's topic. The research results explain that financial performance analysis can be used as information in decision-making. The signaling theory view indicates that companies will try to provide positive signals or information to investors through the company's annual report, in which financial information is presented.

Umu-Ada (Ama’oma-Ada) women institution in Igala and Igbo Nsukka communities: a comparative socio-cultural analysis

ABSTRACT While many studies have been devoted to interrogating the political history of the centralized Igala society and the enormous influence of the Atta and Achadu institutions on the Igbo polity and economy, little scholarly attention has been paid to analyzing, in reverse order, the influence of Igbo culture on the Igala society. Despite the precarious placement of women in traditional Igala-Igbo Nsukka borderland, the Umu-ada (women) institution represents one of the means through which women organize and assert power while promoting collective peace, security, development and socio-cultural transformation. We argue that the diffusion and adaptation of Umuada heritage in this region is traceable to geography, the influence of inter-ethnic marriage, trade, burial and funeral rites. The similarities and differences in organization and impact of this women institution in both Igbo Nsukka and Igala communities are appraised to show the preponderance of cultural dispersals in contemporary Nigeria. This paper relied on the use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through oral interviews with aged Umuada (women) members of Igbo Nsukka-Igala communities including men. Oral data were intermeshed with secondary literature, especially published books and journal articles. The collected data were qualitatively analyzed using the cultural diffusion theory.

Religion and Coronavirus Response in Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract In April 2020 there was an inordinate spike in COVID-19 related deaths in Kano State, northern Nigeria, due to a lack of adherence to the national public health emergency recommendations. This article aims to explain why this public health fiasco occurred. Utilizing secondary academic literature and news reports from local media, the article interrogates the manifestation of Islam in northern Nigeria and the resulting undermining of the country’s coronavirus mitigation response. The evidence from Kano State indicates that religious authorities failed to heed the suspension of congregational prayers as the relevant health agencies advised, due to a belief in the exceptionality of northern Nigeria as a theocratic substate in a secular federation. The article therefore highlights the challenges of communicating public health risk in a context where the authority of religious leaders, real or imagined, undercuts the power of state institutions.

Postcolonial Studies

Postcolonial theory over the years has become an inflated term. The field of study that initially dealt with literatures originating in regions with a colonial past gradually grew to encompass broad social, political or cultural aspects arising in diverse societies with no colonial history. In my article I am concentrating on the original use of the term and going to argue that the research area has turned from being a TOPIC of investigation to a general METHOD. What led to this transformation was the commodification of a post/colonial heritage: during the 1990s the exotic became a marketable cultural product. As primary texts appeared to be profitable ventures on the international publishing scene, postcolonial theory has flourished with key figures occupying cushioned academic positions and creating a body of secondary literature detached from the original mandate of postcolonialism in the original sense of the term.

The Use of High-Dose Intravenous L-Ascorbate in Pain Therapy: Current Evidence from the Literature.

Pain is the most common reason for seeking medical treatment. Despite extensive research efforts and effective analgesics modulating pain, there is still a major therapeutic gap in addressing the root causes of pain. Pain is associated with tissue damage induced by oxidative stress and induction of inflammatory mediators following high consumption of antioxidants. The role of antioxidants in general, and the administration of L-ascorbate in particular, is still controversially discussed and underestimated in the daily clinical practice. The current literature on the therapeutic effect of L-ascorbate, ascorbic acid, and vitamin C on various pain conditions was evaluated against the background of evidence-based medicine. Those articles, obtained from systematic search in PubMed, were critically assessed and rated in terms of evidence level and methodological quality by two independent experts. The primary purpose of this work was to establish specific pain therapy guidance for intravenous L-ascorbate. A PubMed search revealed 14 suitable articles comprising controlled clinical trials and meta-analyses. An additional ten publications could be identified via secondary literature. There is supporting evidence for the efficacy of ascorbate treatment in inflammatory pain conditions, in the complex regional pain syndrome, in post zoster neuralgia, in neuropathic pain, in post-operative pain conditions, and in tumor-related pain. However, the considered studies differ in the type of administration, in dosage, in duration of treatment, as well as in quality of research. Despite all study heterogeneity, it became evident that research of high scientific quality is in support of the efficacy of L-ascorbate in pain treatment. Oxidative stress is present in almost all pain conditions. Because oral administration of most magistral formulas of vitamin C does not provide biological availability, parenteral administration should be preferred and can be supported by an oral dose with high bioavailability on days without intravenous treatment. L-ascorbate should be preferred for parenteral high dosage, rather than ascorbic acid, as it does not release acid valences under physiological conditions. L-ascorbate is an effective, safe, and economically favorable integrative treatment option for various pain conditions, addressing the root cause of tissue damage and inflammatory mediator burst.

Grief and loss in Shiʿi thought: Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s (d. 965/1558) Musakkin al-fuʾād

ABSTRACT Within scholarship on Islamic ethics, writings on consolation (taʿāzī) are a largely neglected genre. This article is a start on making good this scarcity in the secondary literature. It studies Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s (d. 965/1558) Musakkin al-fuʾād, a treatise on the grief over the loss of a child and consolations for it. Al-ʿĀmilī’s contribution to the genre presents a Shiʿi view, inflected by a Muʿtazilī understanding of divine justice and theodicy. According to this view, divine recompense (ʿiwaḍ) is offered to the bereaved on the condition of patient resignation with appreciation of the loss in relation to the ordeal and death suffered by the fourteen ‘Infallibles’ (al-maʿṣūmīn). Al-ʿĀmilī’s disparaging outlook on the world (al-dunyā) encourages abandonment of its material attachments through ideal modes of patience (al-ṣabr) and contentment (al-riḍāʾ). Musakkin al-fuʾād imagines a system of reward and loss, calibrated to the lessons of sacred texts. I examine al-ʿĀmilī’s use of these sources, including prophetic narratives, parables, and traditions (aḥādīth), to explore their implications for an idealized expression of Muslim mourning. From these examples, the personal becomes universal, generating moral criteria for an attitude to life, and necessitating appropriately modified responses to death.

EU transnational coalitions in polycrisis: the Visegrád-4 before and after the Russo-Ukrainian war

ABSTRACT The advances in EU integration since COVID-19 and Russia’s full-scale invasion have challenged the expectations of cross-cutting cleavages resulting in a ‘politics trap’. This article addresses this puzzle through a case study of the Visegrád-4 (V4), a key coalition in EU politics which significantly influenced many policy areas but whose effectiveness has strikingly diminished post-Brexit. Borrowing insights from EU integration theories and the literature on transnational coalitions, the article contends that inter-state cooperation depends on salience and national politicisation strategies. Based on a survey of policy documents and secondary literature, it argues that the V4 group effectively shaped EU policy through issue-specific bargaining in low-salience areas and joint politicisation of high-salience issues when it fitted the political strategies of incumbent leaders. However, in the ‘second polycrisis’, V4 unity and influence in EU politics have frayed due to overlapping conflicts in high-salience, non-negotiable areas, prominently, security.

The Dynamics of Land Use Change in Metropolitan Areas: The Impact of Urbanization and Sustainable Management Strategies

Land use change is a global phenomenon with significant impacts on the environment, society, and economy, especially in metropolitan areas experiencing rapid urbanization. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of land use change, the driving factors, and the resulting ecological and socio-economic impacts. The method used in this research is a literature review with a qualitative approach. Data were collected from various secondary literature sources, including books, journal articles, research reports, and dissertations relevant to the research topic. The findings indicate that urbanization is the primary driver of land use change, leading to the conversion of green spaces such as forests and agricultural land into urban areas. The impacts of these changes include air quality degradation, increased flood risk, soil degradation, and loss of biodiversity. Case studies in cities such as Jakarta, Bangkok, and Manila illustrate how rapid urbanization transforms urban landscapes and creates complex environmental challenges. This research emphasizes the importance of sustainable land management through the application of landscape-based models that integrate spatial and temporal data to predict future land use changes. Evidence-based policy recommendations are provided to support more sustainable and environmentally friendly development. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of theory and practice in land use change studies and provide a framework that can be applied in various geographical and socio-economic contexts.

Interaksi Bisnis Dan Politik Di Indonesia: Analisis Permasalahan Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kebijakan Publik

This study explores the interaction between business and politics in Indonesia, focusing on the issues arising from this relationship. Through secondary data analysis and literature review, this research finds that the close ties between business and political actors often trigger corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN), negatively impacting public policy and the economy. The results show that this relationship harms public interests and hinders governance quality. The study offers recommendations to address these issues to enhance transparency and accountability.

Implementation of e-Government via Lapak Aduan Banyumas

The purpose of this writing is to assess the community participation in Kabupaten Banyumas in utilizing E-Government media, analyze the supportive and inhibiting factors in the implementation of E-Government, and evaluate the efforts made by the Kabupaten Banyumas Government in overcoming these challenges. This qualitative research involves a literature review. The research process includes gathering primary and secondary literature sources, data processing, citation extraction, and abstraction to present research findings. Interpreting these findings generates comprehensive information, leading to knowledge acquisition for conclusive insights. The results of the discussed research reveal that Lapak Aduan Banyumas is an effective and efficient communication medium between the community and local government through social media, enhancing community participation in politics. Besides, uneven network infrastructure, particularly inadequate transmission towers and fiber optic cables in the hilly areas of Kabupaten Banyumas, results in unsatisfactory website-based service delivery.

Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices and abandoned or epicardial leads: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Persistent reluctance to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with abandoned and/or epicardial leads of cardiac implantable electronic devices is related to in vitro studies reporting tip heating. While there is a plethora of data on the safety of MRI in conditional and non-conditional implantable devices, there is a clear lack of safety data in patients with abandoned and/or epicardial leads. Relevant literature was identified in Medline and CINAHL using the key terms 'magnetic resonance imaging' AND 'abandoned leads' OR 'epicardial leads'. Secondary literature and cross-references were supplemented. For reporting guidance, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 was used. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number 465530. Twenty-one publications with a total of 656 patients with 854 abandoned and/or epicardial leads and 929 MRI scans of different anatomical regions were included. No scan-related major adverse cardiac event was documented, although the possibility of under-reporting of critical events in the literature should be considered. Furthermore, no severe device dysfunction or severe arrhythmia was reported. Mainly transient lead parameter changes were observed in 2.8% in the subgroup of patients with functional epicardial leads. As a possible correlate of myocardial affection, subjective sensations occurred mainly in the subgroup with abandoned epicardial leads (4.0%), but no change in myocardial biomarkers was observed. Existing publications did not report any relevant adverse events for MRI in patients with abandoned and/or epicardial leads if performed according to strict safety guidelines. However, a more rigorous risk-benefit calculation should be made for patients with epicardial leads.