Secondary Education Level Research Articles

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BIOLOGY LEARNING

This study aims to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving the quality of biology learning at the secondary education level. This research uses a literature review approach, which is a research method that is carried out by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from various relevant written sources. The results show that AI plays an important role in facilitating the visualization of complex biological concepts, providing adaptive learning experiences tailored to students' individual abilities, and offering virtual laboratories that allow biological experiments without the limitations of physical facilities. However, challenges in its implementation, such as limited infrastructure, lack of teacher training, and high implementation costs, are still major obstacles. Teachers and students' perceptions of AI are generally positive, with many feeling that the technology improves students' understanding and motivation to learn. However, the role of teachers as facilitators remains important in overcoming the technical challenges faced by students. This study concludes that despite the challenges, the application of AI in biology learning has great potential to improve the quality of learning, and there needs to be more attention to aspects of training, infrastructure, and education policies that support the widespread application of this technology.

Апробация методики «Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Third Edition»

Introduction. There is currently no universal comprehensive measurement tool for the assessment of children development in the Russian Federation (RF). The Bayley-III scales developed by American researchers are widely used as such a tool. Numerous research groups recognize the need to modify the original scales before using them in a new linguistic and socio-cultural environment. Methods. The authors (a) translated the original Bayley-III manual into Russian, (b) tested the tool by assessing cognitive, language, and motor development of 163 Russian children aged 2–11 months, and (c) made an indirect comparison of the mean scale scores of neuropsychological development and those obtained from the original American sample of children using Student’s t-test. Results. The modified version of the Bayley-III manual has been successfully tested in the RF. The indices of language and motor development of the children examined in this study did not statistically differ from the original American data (10 points). Higher scores were obtained for the cognitive scale (10.7 versus 10; p = 0.003). However, this effect was not very pronounced (Cohen’s d = 0.25). Discussion. The indices of neuropsychological development of Russian children fully comply with the original Bayley-III norms, which opens up new possibilities for its use in the RF. Slightly higher scores of the cognitive scale among Russian children do not generally affect the compliance with the original tool, since the difference was not significant. The results of this study can be extrapolated to full-term Caucasian children aged 2–11 months, whose parents have at least secondary education and average level of earnings. The widespread use of Bayley-III requires its further adaptation in larger and more representative samples of children from different regions of the RF with the additional assessment of social-emotional development as well as adaptive behavior.

Social Determinants of Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences: How Are These Intertwined to Determine Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Argentina?

Argentina is one of the countries in the Latin American region with the highest incidence of childhood obesity. The incidence of childhood overweight and obesity among children under five years of age is approximately 15%, according to the 2022 MICS survey. Obesity is a nutritional disorder that is explained not only by biological factors but also by socioeconomic and family circumstances. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors and risks that determine childhood overweight and obesity in Argentine children under five years of age. To explain this, this article presents an integrative model of two theoretical frameworks, social determinants of health (SDH) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), called hereafter “IM-SDH-ACEs”, in order to understand how these determinants are related to influence childhood malnutrition. This study performs a Chi-square test to empirically corroborate that SDH and ACEs influence this type of weight disorder; thus, it is shown that socioeconomic status (SES) and age groups together with ACEs are factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity. Likewise, a multinomial logistic regression model is estimated, and the results show that the highest risks of suffering from overweight and obesity in childhood are the predictors of physical violence (PV) inflicted on the child as well as an interaction of the variables of deprivation in health care and a secondary education level of mothers or carers. It is concluded that a more inclusive social policy is required to reduce childhood obesity in Latin American societies.

Quality of antenatal care services in Afghanistan: findings from the national survey 2022–2023

BackgroundThe optimum use of antenatal care (ANC) services can reduce pregnancy-related complications and deaths. However, there is limited information on the quality of ANC services in Afghanistan. This study aimed to assess the quality of ANC services and examine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the quality of ANC services received by pregnant women in Afghanistan.MethodsThis study analyzed the data from the 2022–23 Afghanistan Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS), including 9,243 ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth two years prior to the survey. ANC quality was classified as "good" if a woman had at least four ANC visits, initiated ANC during the first trimester, and received all four essential ANC services. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the likelihood of receiving good-quality ANC across various sociodemographic variables.ResultsOnly 6.2% of women received good-quality ANC. Factors significantly associated with receiving good-quality ANC included woman’s secondary (AOR:1.87, 95%CI: 1.33–2.63) and higher education levels (AOR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.01–3.03), household head’s higher education level (AOR:1.63, 95%CI: 1.11–2.40), and wealth status (1.71, 2.26, 1.92, and 1.97 higher odds of receiving good-quality ANC for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th as compared to 1st quintiles of wealth, respectively).ConclusionThe low utilization of good-quality ANC among women in Afghanistan, particularly among those at lower wealth status, with low education levels, underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve access and utilization of antenatal care services.

Enhancing young people's pregnancy loss and fertility awareness and knowledge via schools: a way forward.

Pregnancy and infant loss, in the form of miscarriage, stillbirth or early neonatal death, occurs in 20-25% of all pregnancies. Despite its prevalence and associated physical and psychological impacts, there remains a lack of public awareness and understanding of pregnancy loss, including amongst people of reproductive age. Drawing on evidence from a preliminary review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, we make the case for enhancing pregnancy loss and (in)fertility awareness, specifically focusing on young people in second-level education. We situate our work within reproductive health and reproductive justice frames, recognizing the impact of social factors on people's reproductive lives, and the need for multi-level interventions to enable people to fully realize their reproductive rights and goals. Although schools provide an important setting to learn about and discuss topics relating to sexual and reproductive health-including pregnancy loss and fertility-current evidence suggests that this is not happening, despite young people's desire to engage in such conversations. While there are barriers to addressing sexual and reproductive health issues within schools (including lack of access to teacher training, continuing professional development, appropriate and engaging resource material, teacher discomfort and lack of confidence), it is important that interventions are developed in collaboration with all relevant knowledge users, including young people themselves. This will help to ensure that any interventions developed are relevant, acceptable, feasible and effective. Further research is needed to explore how education around pregnancy loss and fertility can be best delivered within school settings.

Perceived satisfaction and humanized nursing care in surgical patients public hospital of Peru.

Humanized care is the first aspect to consider to satisfy the surgical patient who will be or has undergone a surgical intervention. Determine the relationship that exists between perceived satisfaction and humanized nursing care in surgical patients in a public hospital in Peru. Descriptive, observational, correlational study, with a quantitative approach, with probabilistic sampling of 241 surgical patients. A validated questionnaire adapted to our reality was used, reporting a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.890 (satisfaction) and 0.904 (humanized nursing care), presenting 36 multiple choice questions. The age group of 18-29 years predominated in 26.6% (n = 64), with the average age X = 42.6 years with a DS of 14.47, female sex with 55.2% (n = 133), single marital status 48.5% (n = 117) and secondary education level was 60.2% (n = 145). The majority of patients were satisfied with the care received, reporting 84.6% (n = 204), also found in the dimensions: Humane 81.8% (n = 197), timely 78.8% (n = 190) and safe 80.1% (n = 193). The perceived humanized nursing care was good 81.3% (n = 196), it was also evident in the dimensions: Phenomenological 78.4% (n = 189), interaction 75.9% (n = 183), scientific 61, 8% (n = 149) and human needs (82.2%) (n = 198). A moderate correlation was found between the variables, behaving in a moderately positive manner, that is, the higher the level of satisfaction, the higher the level of humanized nursing care in the surgical patient, and vice versa.

Implementation of Problem Based Learning Model in 21st Century Learning: Literature Review

Purpose of the study: determine the improvement of the learning process in the 21st century by applying the problem based learning model learning in elementary school students. Methodology: The learning method used in this scientific work is a literature review or literature review with several stages, namely searching for materials or reference materials on Google Scholar accredited by DOAJ, Sinta, Google Scholar, and so on that are in accordance with the theme to be researched, collecting 30 references that have been obtained. Main Findings: shows that the problem based learning model is effective in improving the quality of learning at various levels of education, including primary and secondary education. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study uses a literature review by analyzing several previous research results and combining them into one so that it becomes a new discovery.

FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIONS IN STUDENTS: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND INTENTION

Entrepreneurship has been viewed as a key contributor to generating new jobs and an economic catalyst in a country. It creates a sense of independence and a financially strong mindset among graduates who become self-employed, which contributes to the financial growth of the nation. Research studies in existence explain that entrepreneurial action is based on entrepreneurial intention, which is primarily driven by goal-oriented conduct of an individual. However, the question that still remains unanswered is that what links the transmission of intention into entrepreneurial behavior has not been studied in abundance. Thus, it is imperative to identify those factors that significantly impact the entrepreneurial intention of student entrepreneurs who have attained the minimum post- secondary level of education. This research aims to study the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions, which leads to entrepreneurial action. We attempt to examine the factors that affect intention, such as financial, motivational, and psychological, among students. This paper is descriptive in nature, and the data collected is secondary in the form of reviews and suggestions. Entrepreneurial intentions lead to entrepreneurial behavior. Hence, entrepreneurship educationalists will reap benefits from intention based behavioral research in entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with the identification of factors playing a vital role in entrepreneurial actions. The authors provide input for practical implications and directions for future research.

Prevalence and contributors to anaemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Kyangwali Refugee settlement, Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAnaemia is a major cause of morbidity among children under five years in Uganda. However, its magnitude among refugee populations is marginally documented. In this study, the prevalence and contributors to anaemia among children 6 to 59 months in Kyangwali refugee settlement in Western Uganda was determined.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that was carried out among 415 mother- child dyads at Kwangwali refugee settlement. Anaemia was determined by measuring haemoglobin concentration using the HaemoCue method, while nutritional status was examined using standard World Health Organisation (WHO) nutritional indices. Data abstraction forms, pretested questionnaires and face to face interviews were used to collect patient data. Associations between the independent variables and anaemia were examined using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors. In all statistical tests, a P- value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsThe proportion of children with anaemia was 49.2% (95% CI: 44.4–53.9). Anaemia was 1.4 times (95% CI = 1.13–1.82; p = 0.003) more prevalent among wasted children than the normal children. The prevalence of anaemia was also higher among underweight children than those with normal weight (aPR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11–1.70; p = 0.004). Additionally, the prevalence of anaemia was higher among children of birth order of 6 or above (aPR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.22–3.29; p = 0.006), while anaemia prevalence was lower among children whose mothers’ had attained secondary level of education (aPR = 0.19, CI = 0.04–0.98; p = 0.048) and those who fed on fish (aPR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57–0.99; p = 0.039) and meals prepared with oils and fats (aPR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.51–0.97; p = 0.029). There was no significant relationship between anaemia occurrence and the household dietary diversity score.ConclusionsAbout half of the study children were found to be anaemic. The most significant contributors to anaemia in the study population were malnutrition, maternal education, feeding practices and birth order. The study findings suggest need of screening of children for anaemia at all nutritional clinics, promotion of education, addressing barriers to sustainable food supply and accessibility of nutrient-dense foods, treating anaemia in children alongside other micronutrient deficiencies and addressing the nutritional needs of multiparous mothers in refugee communities.

Prevalence, Morbidity Pattern and Outcome of HIV Exposed Infants admitted into The Special Care Baby Unit of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric age group including the neonatal age. Materials and Methods: A prospective study carried out from January 5th 2021 to 4th December, 2023 in the neonatal unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Results: Of 1412 neonates admitted, 48 were HIV exposed with prevalence rate of 3.4%, M:F ratio of 1:1.2 and mean birth weight of 2.82 ± 0.93kg. Most mothers were &gt;30years, 31(64.6%) with secondary level of education 28(58.3%). Majority commenced antenatal care in the 1st trimester 26(54.7%) and delivered via emergency Caesarean section 24(50.0%). Most maternal HIV status was known before index pregnancy 28(58.2%) and commenced HAART 29(67.4%). Most baby’s feeding option was exclusive breast feeding (75.0%) while mixed feeding was 6.3%. Nevirapine was given to 31(64.6%) infants and nevirapine/zidovudine to 17(35.4%). The commonest morbidities were probable neonatal sepsis 27(58.7%), hypoglycaemia 13(28.3%), neonatal jaundice 9(19.6%) and perinatal asphyxia 9(19.6%). There was mortality rate of 4.2% with HIV seropositivity rate at 6-8 weeks being 10.9%. Mothers’ level of education and occupation were significantly associated with HIV seropositivity rate (P=0.041, 0.049) whereas the pattern of morbidity had no significant association with the infants seropositivity rate. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV exposed infants admitted was 3.4% with M:F ratio of 1:1.2. The commonest morbidities were probable neonatal sepsis, hypoglycaemia, neonatal jaundice and perinatal asphyxia. There was a mortality rate of 4.2% with high infants seropositivity rate of 10.9%. This therefore calls for an intensification of the PMTCT program. Keywords: HIV exposed infants; Prevalence; Morbidity; Outcome

Desire for labor companionship and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Debre Berhan City: a cross-sectional study.

Allowing women to have a companion of their choice during labor and delivery is a cost-effective strategy to enhance the quality of maternal care and promote a positive birth experience. Due to the limited studies on women's preferences for labour companionship, this study aimed to assess the desire for labour companionship and its associated factors among pregnant women attending ante-natal care at public health facilities in Debre Berhan City. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1-30, 2022. A face-to-face questionnaire administered was used to collect data. Then, entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with P < 0.05 with AOR and 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Of 408 participants, 68.6% [95% CI: 63.8, 73.9] of pregnant women desired to have companionship in labour. Women who were living in urban [AOR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.336, 4.022], had secondary level of education [AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.207, 0.726], being pregnant for the first time [AOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.197, 2.945], women who had a good knowledge towards labour companion [AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.522, 3.797] were statistically significant with desire on labour companionship. The magnitude of desire towards labour companionship in this study area was found high. Place of residence, educational attainment, number of pregnancies (gravidity), and level of knowledge about labour companions significantly contribute to women's desire for labour companionship. Therefore, to increase the desire for labor companions; antenatal education about its benefits should emphasized, particularly in rural areas and among less-educated communities. Providing tailored support for primigravida women and underserved populations can also help to integrate labor companionship into maternal care.

Pre-service teachers manifested mathematics pedagogical content knowledge: The role of the teaching practicum

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) begins to develop during teacher education and the teaching practicum reinforces its development. This study is an interpretive inquiry into pre-service mathematics teachers’ practicum classrooms. The study explored four pre-service mathematics teachers’ PCK through observations and interviews. The pre-service teachers were found teaching various mathematics topics to students at different levels of secondary education. Findings indicate that pre-service teachers demonstrated some important elements of mathematics PCK. However, they tended to focus more on procedural rather than conceptual learning, lacked knowledge of some topic-specific teaching and learning resources, and made some flaws, possibly emanating from a lack of classroom experience. The study recommends teacher education to focus more on analysis of the mathematics curriculum and opportunities for practical teaching sessions including practicum and microteaching that are supported by experienced mentors in mathematics.

Compliance With Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation and Iron‐Deficiency Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Kathmandu

Background: Iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy is a major public health concern, leading to adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes such as premature birth and low birth weight. This study aimed to identify factors associated with compliance with iron–folic acid supplementation (IFAS) and the prevalence of IDA among pregnant.Methods: A cross‐sectional study using face‐to‐face interviews with structured questionnaires was conducted among 270 pregnant women attending a private hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2023. Respondents were selected consecutively. Descriptive analysis was performed for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with compliance and anemia (p &lt; 0.05).Results: Most respondents were young adults (mean age: 30.09 ± 4.40 years) with secondary level education (57.8%) and homemaker occupations (57.4%). Over half (56.3%) demonstrated good knowledge of anemia, and slightly more than half (50.0%) had good knowledge of iron–folic acid (IFA). Compliance with IFAS was 63.0%, while 28.5% of women had IDA. Compliance was positively associated with occupation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.6 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–6.0), receiving IFA in the 2nd trimester (AOR = 2.2 and 95% CI = 1.1–5.0), and knowledge of IFA (AOR = 2.4 and 95% CI = 1.2–4.8). Higher education level (AOR = 5.1 and 95% CI = 1.7–15.2) and being employed (AOR = 0.3 and 95% CI = 0.1–0.8) were associated with lower IDA prevalence, while a history of medical illness was associated with higher IDA prevalence (AOR = 4.0 and 95% CI = 1.5–10.6).Conclusion: Despite IFA compliance rates within the national coverage range, forgetfulness, side effects, and inadequate counseling remain barriers. The persistence of anemia, even at a slightly lower rate than national data, remains a significant public health concern. Public health interventions are needed to improve IFA adherence, reduce anemia, and optimize maternal and fetal health outcomes in this population.

Optimizing Interior Design for the Girls' Dormintory at an Islamic High School in West Java

Dormitories for girls at the secondary education level require facilities that are suitable for the needs of girls aged between 12 and 18 years. This research aims to determine the optimal spatial layout for girls' dormitories, based on the space requirements for both main activities and supporting activities, using a sample of five boarding schools in West Java. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method that commences with data collection through surveys, observations, and a review of relevant literature pertaining to dormitories. This research not only begins by analyzing the existing spaces but also delves into factors influencing the presence of these spaces, specifically examining the availability of dormitory, and supporting room facilities through the assessment of suitability using a survey checklist of various variables. The results indicate that different space optimization patterns were observed in the five boarding schools, which depended on the management concept of each dormitory. These patterns were adjusted to the existing conditions of the dormitory, considering the adaptation and utilization of available spaces. In general, all dormitories have met the standards and space optimization patterns according to the criteria set by each dormitory manager. Consequently, further research is warranted, particularly in relation to the management concept and the spatial arrangement based on the dormitory's brand identity.

Systematic Literature Review: Implementation of Online Learning Based on Education Levels in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the adoption of online learning, prompting extensive research on its implementation across various educational levels in Indonesia. This study employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing 13 articles from the GARUDA database, published between 2019 and 2023. The findings reveal diverse platforms utilized for online learning, including Google Classroom (3 mentions), Quizizz (2 mentions), Edmodo (3 mentions), WhatsApp (2 mentions), and custom-developed platforms. At the primary and secondary education levels, platforms like Quizizz and Edmodo were associated with improvements in student motivation (42.5% increase in motivation) and learning outcomes (up to 84% in comprehension improvement for specific materials). However, challenges such as limited internet access and reduced interaction hindered learning experiences. In higher education, Google Classroom was the most frequently cited platform, enhancing accessibility and learning independence. Despite these benefits, issues such as unstable internet connectivity, skill-based material comprehension, and limited engagement persisted. This study concludes that online learning has notably improved accessibility, motivation, and learning outcomes, with significant potential to enhance educational quality. However, addressing barriers such as technical limitations and fostering better interaction are essential for further optimization. These insights provide valuable guidance for refining online learning practices and policies in Indonesia.

Islamic Religious Education Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Lampung Province

&#x0D; The Covid-19 pandemic has succeeded in changing the entire structure of world society. Many sectors have been affected by the ferocious spread of the Covid-19 virus; economic, tourism and even education sectors. The aim of this research is to describe Islamic Religious Education learning patterns in Lampung province which took place during the Covid-19 pandemic era. This type of research is qualitative. The research was conducted in Lampung Province targeting all educational institutions starting from primary, secondary and upper education levels. The data sources in this research were obtained from interviews; Interviews were conducted with teaching staff, education staff, students and students' parents. The research results illustrate that the Islamic Religious Education learning process in the Covid-19 pandemic era in Lampung Province encountered many obstacles. The use of online learning platforms such as Google Classroom, Google Meet, Zoom Meeting is not evenly distributed. To support the use of online learning applications, an internet quota is also required which then becomes an unexpected expense for all students' parents; and is considered a drain on your wallet. Use device for each student whose ownership is not evenly distributed due to diverse economic backgrounds. Uneven internet networks and limited teaching are also factors that policy makers need to pay attention to. Learning methods or strategies, especially Islamic Religious Education in Lampung Province, have been changed to use online learning platforms. The curriculum used in the pandemic era in Lampung Province uses an emergency curriculum.&#x0D; Keywords: Islamic Religious Education, Pandemic Learning, Covid-19

Factors influencing survival outcomes in patients with stroke at three tertiary hospitals in Zimbabwe: A 12-month longitudinal study.

In this longitudinal study, we aimed to determine factors influencing survival outcomes among patients with stroke at three tertiary hospitals over a 12-month period. The investigation sought to uncover influential determinants to enhance the precision of prognostic assessments and inform targeted interventions for individuals affected by stroke. Employing a longitudinal study design, participants were observed for 12 months from baseline, censoring survivors at the endpoint. The dataset originated from a comprehensive study involving stroke patients treated at three referral hospitals in Zimbabwe: Parirenyatwa, Sally Mugabe, and Chitungwiza Central Hospitals. The primary outcome variable, the duration of survival until death, was measured in days from the initiation of stroke treatment. Gompertz parametric regression analysis was utilized for data modeling following AFT model diagnostics. In our study, 188 stroke patients were enrolled at baseline. However, 51 patients were excluded from the analysis due to either missing information or loss to follow-up. Among the remaining 137 patients who were tracked over a 12-month period, 42% were censored, and 58% were deceased. Individuals utilizing 'Free Service (older than 65/pensioners/retirees/social welfare)' hospital bill payment methods showed a decreased risk of death, (adjusted hazard ratio; aHR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.80), suggesting a protective effect compared to cash paying patients. Those who had attained a secondary school level education displayed a significantly lower risk of death (aHR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.79) compared to those with primary level education. Age was a significant risk factor, with individuals aged 45-65 and those over 65 years showing higher adjusted hazard ratios 3.4 (95% CI: 1.42, 8.36) and 3.7(95%CI:1.44, 9.36), respectively, relative to those below 45 years of age. Housing status revealed a protective effect for those residing with parents/relatives (aHR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.64). Total functional outcome demonstrated significantly lower hazards for individuals with mild or moderate (aHR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.40) and severe outcomes (aHR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.46) compared to those with very severe outcomes. The study findings demonstrate that hospital bill payment methods, housing status and staying with relatives, educational attainment, functional outcome, and age significantly affect survival outcomes among stroke patients. This highlights the need to consider socio-demographic and clinical variables in the development of prognostic assessments and targeted interventions for individuals recovering from stroke.

PERCEPTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT BY MEDICAL STUDENTS AT POLTAVA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Іntroduction. The educational environment comprises a complex set of external factors essential for a successful educational process, fostering conditions for personal growth and development. The study of the educational environment is a priority for higher education institutions globally due to its significant impact on learning outcomes and overall student success. The purpose of this study is to analyze indicators of students’ perception of the educational environment at Poltava State Medical University among those pursuing second-level (Master's) education. Materials and Methods. Materials and Methods. This study analyzes the results of a survey conducted among 220 students in their 1st to 3rd years of the second (Master's) level of higher education at Poltava State Medical University. A questionnaire consisting of 93 questions was developed to examine medical students’ adaptation to learning and the factors influencing their choices. The questionnaire incorporated the Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale and the Medical School Learning Environment Scale. The survey was conducted using Google Forms (https://docs.google.com/forms), and the results were processed using Google Sheets and MS Office 2019. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results. According to the Spielberg-Hanin subscale of situational anxiety, the mean score of the participants was 53.44 [51.0–56.0], while the mean score for reactive anxiety was 51.77 ± 0.44. The combined scores for situational and reactive anxiety in women averaged 106.91 [105.0–129.0], and in men, 106.0 [99.0–113.0] (p &lt; 0.0001); no significant differences were found between medical and dental students for these scales (p = 0.7145). Respondents rated their overall perception of the educational environment as 1.0 [0–1.0]. A weak correlation was observed between their perception of the educational environment and scores on the situational anxiety scale (ρ = 0.13; p = 0.0048). No correlation was found with reactive anxiety scores (ρ = -0.016; p = 0.78), the Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (R = -0.02; p = 0.88), or the Medical School Learning Environment Scale (R = -0.16; p = 0.18). Gender differences were not observed on the Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (U = 4774, p = 0.24). However, on the Medical School Learning Environment Scale, the average score was higher for women (0.46 ± 0.04) compared to men (0.44 ± 0.06) (U = 2.272, p = 0.0262). A moderate correlation was identified between the Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale and the Medical School Learning Environment Scale (R = 0.73; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. The scales are relevant and reliable tools for assessing medical students’ perception of the educational environment, particularly in terms of satisfaction with the psychological microclimate of learning. Evaluating medical students’ perception of the educational environment should consider gender, age, and social and living conditions.

Implementation of Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Education Learning at Elementary, Secondary, and Higher Education Schools

The cultivation of religious moderation values at the primary, secondary and tertiary education levels is essential to maintain harmony in a plural society. Radicalization and intolerance are challenges that must be faced in the education process. This study aims to analyze the implementation of religious moderation values in Islamic education at various levels, as well as to identify challenges and effective strategies in its implementation. The research methodology used is qualitative with a literature research approach. Data were collected from various relevant literature sources to answer the research questions. The results show that the implementation of religious moderation values is carried out through an approach that is in accordance with the development of students at each level of education. However, there are still challenges in the form of gaps in understanding among students and lack of community involvement. The implementation of religious moderation values in schools has a strategic role in shaping an inclusive and tolerant generation. Collaboration between educational institutions, government and communities is essential to ensure the internalization of these values at all levels of education.

STEM Knowledge Awareness among Higher Secondary School Students

Educators in the twenty-first century need to think of innovative ways to engage and prepare students for current and future challenges while cultivating an interest among students in STEM disciplines. This study sought to investigate students’ STEM knowledge awareness and the level of STEM knowledge awareness among higher secondary school students. Only higher secondary level students which engaged in imparting higher secondary school education in the class of twelfth included. The study focused on the higher secondary level education with Tamil Nadu state board education. This study main objectives were to find out the level of STEM knowledge awareness among higher secondary school students, to find out whether there is any significant difference in STEM knowledge awareness of higher secondary school students owing to differences in Parents’ Educational status and to find out whether there is any significant difference in STEM knowledge awareness of higher secondary school students owing to differences in Type of school. This study employed a survey measure design and a simple random sampling technique. An instrument such as standardized tool STEM knowledge awareness was used for data collection from the sample of 204 higher secondary school students around Karaikudi in Sivaganga. Data were taken using Questioner. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The tool comprises 2 sections such as the demographic profile, and STEM knowledge awareness (16 statements). Raw data from the questionnaires was digitised, manually coding them using SPSS statistical analysis software. The statements under the usage of the Internet were measured using a 5-point Likert scale consisting of 5 Strongly Agree, 4 Agree, 3 Neutral, 2 Disagree, and 1 Strongly Disagree. The study’s findings reveal no significant difference and a favourable level of awareness of STEM knowledge among higher secondary school students.