Secondary Grade Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF ARABIC CLASS 2 HIGH SCHOOL LEARNING BOOKS PUBLISHED BY THE MINISTRY OF RELIGION IN 2020

This research aims to reveal the quality of the Arabic language teaching book for the second secondary grade of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2020, in the light of the Arabic Language Curriculum and Teaching Methods book by Saad Ali Zayer and Iman Ismail Ayez and the validity of its use among second-grade secondary students in schools in Indonesia using the criteria for preparing a good book. In writing this research, the study used the descriptive analytical method. As for the scientific method used in it, it is a qualitative method. After carrying out the analysis process, the study found the validity of using the Arabic language book for the second grade of secondary school of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2020 for students of the second grade of secondary school, and it is a good book as it is presented in a scientific way, but there is a slight error in adjusting the shape of some The words.

Effects of Head Teaches' Task-Oriented Behavior on Teachers' Performance at Secondary Level Lahore

This study aimed to illuminate the effects of head teachers' task-oriented leadership style on secondary grade teachers' performance. The head teachers and teachers of the secondary level of Lahore City constituted the population of the study. From this population, 300 teachers and students were selected as samples by stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by using survey questionnaires. Two self-made questionnaires were developed and used to collect data from teachers and students. Participants were asked to respond to a 5-point Likert scale ranging from '1' indicating strongly disagree and '5' indicating strongly agree in terms of how strongly the head teachers practised task-oriented behaviour. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics that include mean, percentage, and independent sample t-test and regression analysis. The main finding of the study revealed that head teachers' task-oriented behaviour has a positive effect on teachers' performance at the secondary level.

Retrograde Assemblages of Gneisses at Arigidi and Erusu Areas of Southwestern Nigeria

The study is aimed to unravel the presence of low-grade minerals in the migmatite terrain of Southwestern Nigeria. Mineral and textural relationship of mineral assemblages were determined using a petrographic microscope, while chemical composition was analyzed using XRF and LA-ICP-MS. Petrographic studies show the mineral assemblage, biotite + plagioclase + chlorite + epidote + quartz + muscovite + ilmenite ± calcite. There is intense alteration of both biotite and plagioclase. Textural evidence shows chloritization of biotite and epidotization of both biotite and plagioclase. Epidotization of biotite is basically at the edges of biotite while that of plagioclase in more intense at the core of grains. Primary foliation is defined by mineralogical banding of quartzo-feldspathic and mafic minerals, while secondary foliation is defined by both biotite and chlorite. SiO2 contents are high in both gneisses (> 60 wt %), while there is a high depletion of REE. The results from field observations, mineral assemblages and textural relationship suggests that deformation due to shearing could have enhanced the retrograde chloritization of gneisses. Shearing could have created a path for the influx of fluid (H2O & CO2) thus triggering alteration of both biotite and plagioclase. Hydrothermal fluids containing K+ can be said to have initiated the retrograde process which gave rise to reactions that produces secondary low grade minerals; chlorite, epidote and muscovite.

Heatwaves Risk Perception and Knowledge-Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Introduction:Heatwaves are the leading weather-related causes of deaths globally. Since the mid 20th century, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves has increased with recent reports projecting a substantial warming in temperature extremes by the end of the 21st century.Method:In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to assess public perception and knowledge on heatwaves. Data was collected across Pakistan among a sample of people aged 18 years and above using an online survey questionnaire. Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs were used to assess risk perception using a total of 14 statements while knowledge was measured using 12 statements. The Unadjusted Odd Ratio (UOR) and Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) of 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were employed through binary logistic regression. A total of twelve variables were included in the model (11 categorical and 1 continuous).Results:Out of the 686 participants, the majority of the people (57.73) showed high heatwaves risk perception and a high level of heatwave knowledge (59.91). The results of the multivariate regression model (AOR) showed that participants within the Secondary and/or higher Secondary (Grade 9th to Grade 12th) were less likely (OR=0.304) perceiving heatwaves risk compared to the reference group (Basic/Elementary Level i.e., (Grade 1st to Grade 8th)). As the number of participants who lives with others and who heard about heatwaves increases, the participants are more likely to perceive high heatwaves risk. For instance, participants who lives with others and have heard about heatwaves perceived heatwaves risk 1.982 and 1.816 times higher respectively than those who live alone and those who have not heard about heatwaves before.Conclusion:HBM can be useful in designing interventions aimed at increasing people’s adaptive behaviors during heat waves. This study provides useful insights to the policymakers across Pakistan in understanding the public’s perception that can lead to informed decision-making.

Determining Tendency Levels and Opinions of Secondary School 12th Grade Students on Private Tutoring

The purpose of this study is, based on various variables, to determine differentiation in private tutoring tendencies of 12th grade students and their opinions about private tutoring. Mixed method sequential explanatory design was used in this study because both quantitative and qualitative methods were included. Collecting qualitative data depends on quantitative data. Thus, explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed methods, was used. The quantitative study group consists of 717 students in 12th grade secondary school studying in different schools types in İstanbul. Quantitative data were collected through stratified sampling method. The qualitative study group consists of 11 students selected according to quantitative data. The maximum variation sampling method was preferred for collecting qualitative data. The “Private Tutoring Tendency Scale” was used for collecting quantitative data; the semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used for collecting qualitative data. The SPSS 22.0 software was used in analyzing the quantitative data. Microsoft Excel and Nvivo 8 software were used for qualitative data analysis. The content analysis was preferred for conducting qualitative data analysis. According to the study results, it was observed that; there is significant difference in private tutoring tendency levels of the participants with respect to the gender and private tutoring experience variables. When qualitative findings are considered, it is evident that opinions of the participants are mainly gathered under the titles; reason for private tutoring tendency, general opinions on private tutoring and methodological opinions on private tutoring.

Secondary School 6th Grade Achievement Test Development for Prepositions and Conjunctions: Reliability and Validity Analysis

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 6. Sınıf düzeyinde edat ve bağlaç konusuyla ilgili dil bilgisi başarı testi geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilk olarak Bloom’un yenilenen taksonomisi dikkate alınarak konuya ait kazanımlar belirlenmiş ve bu kazanımları karşılayan 167 adet, edat ve bağlaç konusuyla ilgili soru hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan sorular için uzman görüşü alınarak görüşler doğrultusunda 54 adet soru seçilmiştir. Testin kapsam geçerliliğini belirleyebilmek için belirtke tablosu oluşturulmuştur. Maddeler analiz edilmeden önce 6.sınıf düzeyinde 25 öğrenciye test uygulanarak onların maddeler üzerindeki yorumları alınmıştır. Ön pilottan sonra son şekli verilen taslak test, 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında 200 öğrenciye uygulanarak testin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. 54 maddelik taslak testin güvenirlik analizi 0,661 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Total Varyans Tablosu incelediğinde veri setini daha iyi şekilde temsil edebilecek 22 sorunun mevcut olduğu saptanmış ve bu sorular nihai teste alınmıştır. Nihai testin Cronbach’s Alpha Katsayısı 0,710 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Cronbach Alfa katsayısının (α) 0.60-0,90 arasında olması testten alınan puanların oldukça güvenilir olduğunu gösterir.

MISCONCEPTIONS ON BASIC STOICHIOMETRY AMONG THE SELECTED ELEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS IN THE URBAN REGIONS OF THE GAMBIA

The study complements previous research on a case study of chemistry lesson plans design and teaching. It has been found that chemistry education in The Gambia has been challenged by ineffective lesson plans design and teaching, and laboratory resources. The consequences have been unsatisfactory learning outcomes. However, what could lead to unsatisfactory learning outcomes in chemistry if basic stoichiometry is considered challenging? This has led the present study to develop a survey research method to assess students' misconceptions on basic stoichiometry. Through a systematic random sampling technique, 285-grade eleventh students were selected. The topics covered in the study included interpreting the pH of common substances, balancing basic stoichiometric equations, and inferences of experimental results. Students’ responses to misconception survey questions were reviewed and analysed. The results indicated that students could be taught some basic principles of stoichiometry. Students who were challenged to correct inferences from experimental results need to develop their knowledge better. Accordingly, the study concluded that chemistry education can indicate the success of introducing basic stoichiometry, including referencing to the lower grades, rather than secondary grades. Nevertheless, what this study could recommend was to examine the possible source and cause of such misconceptions concerning basic stoichiometry reactions and balancing. Keywords: basic stoichiometry, chemical reactions, pH values interpretation, students’ misconceptions

Raising awareness in sustainable environment education: Waste batteries

The aim of this study is to provide training for science teachers on batteries, areas of use of batteries, types of batteries, things that should be paid attention to while using batteries, waste batteries, and collection, handling, recovery and/or disposal of waste batteries, and help teachers receiving the training to raise awareness among grade 5 students on these issues. The study was carried out with 58 science teachers and 575 secondary school grade 5 students. Within the scope of the study, a detailed training on the issue was provided to the teachers and attempts at raising awareness among students in four lessons were made by the teachers receiving the training. Data were obtained by making students draw “adventure of the waste battery” themed pictures and write “story of the waste battery” themed compositions as a pre-test before the workshop and a post-test after the workshop. Data were analyzed using content analysis. As a result of the study, it was observed that awareness was raised among students on the elements available in batteries, battery powered objects, points of disposal for waste batteries, places of waste battery bins, recycling of waste batteries, positive effects of collection of waste batteries, negative effects of waste batteries, and things to be done to avoid these negative effects.

Minecraft for Education: Promoting Social and Emotional Learning in Mathematics

The usage of games, which have been around for a very long time and have been the focus of research for a number of years, is a component of mathematical education. The usage of games in mathematics classrooms is far higher than in any other subject. Furthermore, teachers agree that video games are an excellent medium for teaching mathematics in middle school. This raises the question of whether students in the secondary grades change their mathematical identities as a result of participating in an inquiry-based teaching unit with Minecraft. The information whether students in the secondary grades change their mathematical identities as a result of participating in an inquiry-based teaching unit with Minecraft remains unclear. The aims of this study is to analyze information regarding the benefits of using Minecraft as a teaching tool, the challenges that come with it, the viewpoints of students on the game, and the educational benefits it provides. The current study was based on a Minecraft-based teaching unit that was carried out in a class with a total of 22 high school students. This study use semi-structured interviews in our qualitative research endeavor. This study project's findings researcherre put into three themes, they are 1) students of mathematics; 2) Minecraft gamer of mathematics students; and 3) repositioned as students of mathematics.

Secondary school grades and graduate returns to education in the UK

ABSTRACT We examine the relationship between secondary school attainment and early-career graduate salaries in the UK. Based on literature on grade inflation, we hypothesise that there is uncertainty regarding the quality of the signal communicated by degree classifications, and that secondary school grades can be used as a tool to determine the veracity of classifications. We find that differences in secondary school attainment, expressed in UCAS points, are consistently a significant predictor of salary differences among graduates attaining Upper-Second-class degrees, and some First-class graduates. We estimate predicted probabilities, to predict the likelihood of a graduate appearing in a given salary band based on the combination of their secondary school attainment, degree classification and the university attended. The most common category of graduate in our sample (250 to 325 UCAS points, studied at a Post-1992 institution and attained an Upper Second class) has a 55% chance of attaining a salary less than £20,000 in the 12 months after graduation.

Generalized Interval Type-II Fuzzy Rough Model-Based Feature Discretization for Mixed Pixels

Feature discretization algorithms of remote sensing images are often based on the assumption that a sample only belongs to a single category and cannot describe uncertainty caused by mixed pixels. Fuzzy rough models quantify uncertain information by introducing the memberships of pixels to each category. However, there are large errors in the decomposition model of mixed pixels, making the obtained memberships fuzzy. To overcome this weakness, we propose a feature discretization algorithm based on the generalized interval type-II fuzzy rough set for mixed pixels (GIT2FRSD). We use the fuzzy mean vector and the fuzzy covariance matrix to calculate the primary grades of pixels to each ground object and determine the secondary grades according to the distribution of pixels in the boundary region of the rough set. Then, we construct the fitness function using the magnitude of the reduction of the number of breakpoints and the average approximation precision of the generalized interval type-II fuzzy rough set and search for the best discrete breakpoints in all bands of the remote sensing image using an adaptive genetic algorithm. Our method further fuzzifies the abundance information, more accurately quantifying and evaluating the uncertainty caused by mixed pixels at a time complexity similar to that of the fuzzy rough model. The experimental results on GF-2 and Landsat 8 images show that compared with current mainstream discretization algorithms, our method has better search efficiency. It obtains the minimum number of discrete intervals while ensuring data consistency and achieves the highest classification accuracy.

Emotional Intelligence and Anxiety Handling in Secondary Grade Students by Classroom Managerial Style

Emotional intelligence means not only controlling emotions, solving inner problems and mental conflicts, but also steaming other people's mental problems and their conflicts. It is also used to assess the emotions of others, their inner conflicts, and their mental anxieties. Understanding Emotional Intelligence (EI) by the teacher can reduce emotional distress and stress in students and guide them to the best of their ability for teamwork, and harmony. The research sample comprised 250 secondary grade students equally distributed under five classroom managerial styles in Rahimyar Khan. A questionnaire was used for data collection, based on ten themes: enthusiasm, self-awareness, motivation, social skills, self-regulation, and collaboration, atmosphere of trust, mutual harmony, enthusiasm, and empathy. Overall, it was clear that students were more enthusiastic, self-aware, motivated, socially skilled, self-regulated, collaborated, trusted, mutually harmonial, coherent, and empathetic in the democratic operational atmosphere. This was visible mostly in an achievement-oriented classroom atmosphere and then in the situational classroom atmosphere, but least in laissez-faire and authoritarian classroom atmosphere. Overall anxiety revealed that students are very anxious in laissez-faire and authoritarian classroom atmospheres. The results will play a dominant role for teachers to think about their overall management style in the classrooms.

Aggression in School Students: An Intervention Focused Approach

Introduction: The present research was conducted as a part of a series of multicentric youth studies to study aggression in school children followed by intervention programs for the school to prevent violence. Aggression in young children is an important precursor to how they perceive and process a variety of experiences through the course of their lives. It influences and underlines their emotional, behavioral, social, and psychological wellbeing. Identifying the prevalence and strength of beliefs and attitudes towards aggression among young, school-going students’ is thus fundamental, and would help in designing targeted interventions for those at-risk. Sample: In the present cross-sectional study of 988 students, a total of 602 boys and 386 girls of grades 5 th to 12 th in a private, co-ed, English medium school in Delhi were administered a self-rated questionnaire adapted from CDC Compendium of tools measuring aggression. Results: Greater rates of aggressive beliefs (p=0.018) and violent attitudes (p ≤ 0.001) are seen in higher grades (VIII-X std. students) as compared to younger batches of V and VI graders, who show higher rates of aggressive behaviors comparatively (p ≤ 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in girls and boys, where boys in younger grades (V-VI std.) show more aggressive behaviors, whereas girls show increased aggressive behaviors by the IX std. (p ≤ 0.001). Regression analysis showed that aggressive beliefs are a strong predictor of aggressive behavior. Correlation with age showed the prevention should begin at V Std. Conclusions: The roots of aggressiveness are present early in school years, and strengthen as students’ progress through secondary grades. Early, targeted interventions are thus essential in helping children and adolescents attenuate and channelize their impulses in a healthier mode of expression.

Post-operative gamma knife radiosurgery for WHO grade I intracranial meningiomas: A single-center, retrospective study.

To explore the results of the Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for World Health Organization (WHO) grade I intracranial meningiomas after surgical resection. A total of 130 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as having WHO grade I meningiomas and who underwent post-operative GKRS were retrospectively reviewed in a single center. Of the 130 patients, 51 patients (39.2%) presented with radiological tumor progression with a median follow-up time of 79.7 months (ranging from 24.0 to 291.3 months). The median time to radiological tumor progression was 73.4 months (ranging from 21.4 to 285.3 months), whereas 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year radiological progression-free survival (PFS) was 100, 90, 78, and 47%, respectively. Moreover, 36 patients (27.7%) presented with clinical tumor progression. Clinical PFS at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 96, 91, 84, and 67%, respectively. After GKRS, 25 patients (19.2%) developed adverse effects, including radiation-induced edema (n = 22). In a multivariate analysis, a tumor volume of ≥10 ml and falx/parasagittal/convexity/intraventricular location were significantly associated with radiological PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.841, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.018-3.331, p = 0.044; HR = 1.761, 95% CI = 1.008-3.077, p = 0.047]. In a multivariate analysis, a tumor volume of ≥10 ml was associated with radiation-induced edema (HR = 2.418, 95% CI = 1.014-5.771, p = 0.047). Of patients who presented with radiological tumor progression, nine were diagnosed with malignant transformation. The median time to malignant transformation was 111.7 months (ranging from 35.0 to 177.2 months). Clinical PFS after repeat GKRS was 49 and 20% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Secondary WHO grade II meningiomas were significantly associated with a shorter PFS (p = 0.026). Post-operative GKRS is a safe and effective treatment for WHO grade I intracranial meningiomas. Large tumor volume and falx/parasagittal/convexity/intraventricular location were associated with radiological tumor progression. Malignant transformation was one of the main cause of tumor progression in WHO grade I meningiomas after GKRS.

Hazardous Area Classification Assessment at a Pharmaceutical Industry in East Jakarta

Introduction: Fire is a common risk in any industrial facility that uses combustible and flammable raw materials, products, or supporting materials. Among others, the pharmaceutical industry is exposed to such risk due to the application of flammable liquids including ethanol as a volatile solvent in production areas, which has the potential to form explosive atmospheres through evaporation from pools created by accidental releases. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the hazardous area classification (HAC) in ethanol storage areas to facilitate the execution of risk mitigation efforts for reducing the role of ignition sources that cause fire and explosion. Methods: The HAC assessment was carried out in December 2021 - January 2022 using the quantitative method outlined in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard: IEC/EN 60079-10-1 for zone determination. During flash point analysis, the ASTM D-93 method was employed to define the class of ethanol as a flammable liquid. Results: The ethanol storage areas fell into the zone 2 category based on the secondary grade of release, as well as the areas’ ventilation effectiveness with a medium dilution, and fair ventilation availability. The extent of zone 2 is up to 3 m from the release source. Conclusion: Ignition sources capable of leading to fire and explosion incidents in ethanol storage areas should be controlled.

Using Social Media to Develop Self-Regulated Learning Skills for the First Secondary Grade Students in History

Using Social Media to Develop Self-Regulated Learning Skills for the First Secondary Grade Students in History

AL 'ALAAQAH BAINA ISTII'AABI AL ASHWAT AL 'ARABIYYAH LADAA ATH THALIBAAT WA QUDRATIHINNA FII FAHMI AL MASMUU'

The questions from this research are: Is there a relationship between the students comprehension of Arabic sounds and their ability to comprehend audio for the third secondary grade at Ma’had Ulun Nuha, Medan Johor. This research aims to find out the relationship between female students' comprehension of Arabic sounds and their ability to comprehend listening for the third secondary grade at Ma’had Ulun Nuha, Medan Johor. The research methodology used is quantitative field research with relational type, and the data analysis method used is a statistical method with the symbol Rank Order. The result of this research was that the result of the relationship between female students’ comprehension of Arabic sounds and their ability to understand listening for the third secondary grade at Ma’had Ulun Nuha, Medan Johor is 0.468, which indicates that the relationship between them is moderate or moderate in a positive way. And knew that the commutative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Finally, knew that there was a relationship between the two variables.

Organization of Calculations and Work with Memory in the Educational Programming Language SYNHRO

The article is devoted to a number of decisions made in the project of the educational programming language Synchro, which is being developed at the Laboratory of Information Systems of the A.P. Ershov IIS SB RAS, designed to familiarize with the basic phenomena of the interaction of processes and control of calculations over shared memory. The focus is on the functional programming paradigm. The language is aimed at schoolchildren of primary and secondary grades, as well as junior students and non-professionals. During training, the experience of operating with toy robots moving on a checkered board is used. The article is of interest to everyone who is interested in the problems of modern computer science, programming and information technology, especially the problems of parallel computing on supercomputers and distributed systems, and in general the use of multiprocessor systems.

Online Education in Covid-19 Pandemic: A Thematic Case Study of Secondary Grade Tribal Students from India

Education helps in acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies required for the development of an individual. The outbreak of Covid-19 shut all the educational institutes worldwide. Under these circumstances, all the educational institutes switched to an online mode of education, considering it a viable option. This transition was an arduous task for both students and teachers. The situation was even more challenging for students from underprivileged communities whose dropout rates are always high, especially when they enter secondary schooling. The tribal group are called as Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India represents one such disadvantaged group. Even before the pandemic, the tribal students accounted for the highest number of dropouts at different levels of schooling. Undoubtedly, switching to an online mode of education was not an easy task for them. Now that the schools have started functioning regularly, it becomes an important task to understand the impact online education has on the learning level of students, especially from a tribal community. This exploratory study presents the thematic analysis of responses collected from fifty tribal students studying in a Secondary school dealing with their experience of education through online mode.

Factors related to alcohol-drinking behaviors on secondary school students grade 1-3 in the province of Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand.

Globally, alcohol consumption is the major cause of mortality and disease. Future health and life quality may also be affected by early initiation of alcohol consumption. It is a cross-sectional design for a research survey. This study aimed to investigate alcohol drinking behavior, the effects of alcohol consumption, and factors linked to alcohol drinking behavior among 410 secondary school students in grades 1-3 in the province of Nakhon Si Thammarat in southern Thailand. A simple sample was selected from a stratified random sample of 210 individuals. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprised of five sections and 78 items in total. The index of item objective congruence (IOC) of 0.90 and the reliability of 0.74 was used to evaluate the tool's quality. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were employed. The results of the study showed that a total of 40.0% of the participants had previously consumed alcohol, that men were more likely than women to drink (54.8%), that beer was the most popular alcoholic beverage (57.7%), that most people drank alcohol at night while at home (47.6%) and with friends (83.6%), the majority of participants (13.9%) drank alcohol one to three times per week, and their attitudes toward alcohol were moderate (85.7%). Religion, knowledge about alcohol use, and the amount of money received each month from habitat for humanity were not found to be linked to drinking alcohol. The conclusion is that the use of alcohol by students is influenced by a wide variety of circumstances. Health professionals, educational institutions, and relevant agencies should use these factors to promote alcohol use prevention behaviors and formulate guidelines and measures to prevent this by designing an effective prevention program to reduce the alcohol use behaviors of children and young people in the appropriate manner.