Secondary Data Sources Research Articles

A FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ZERO-CARBON EMISSION THROUGH ELECTRIC VEHICLE

The transition towards zero-carbon emissions represents a critical imperative in combating climate change and promoting sustainable development. This master thesis project explores the feasibility of achieving zero-carbon emissions through the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Framed within the context of entrepreneurship and innovation, the study examines the current trends, challenges, and opportunities surrounding EVs and green energy initiatives. A comprehensive literature review highlights the environmental, performance, and cost-related disparities between EVs and traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, while also identifying key barriers to adoption such as range anxiety and infrastructure limitations. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research synthesizes secondary and primary data sources to propose strategic interventions aimed at accelerating EV adoption, including the establishment of residential charging stations, mobile EV charging units, and discounted charging infrastructure. Furthermore, the study advocates for the development of a centralized application to streamline EV charging accessibility and utilization. By addressing these challenges and implementing targeted solutions, this thesis underscores the pivotal role of innovation and collaboration in realizing a future powered by zero-carbon emissions through electric mobility.

THE EFFECT OF INFLATION, EXPORT-IMPORT AND INTEREST RATES ON SALES THROUGH GDP/GDP MODERATION VARIABLES

This study aims to determine the effect of inflation, export-import, interest rates on sales in state-owned pharmaceutical holding companies with moderating variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The type of research used is quantitative with primary and secondary data sources related to inflation, export-import, interest rates, GDP and sales. The data used is a combination of time series data for 2018-2022 and cross-section which is then referred to as panel data. The study was also conducted in more depth using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire with respondents as many as six people who had positions as department heads in the parent company of Pharmaceutical SOEs. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression analysis and Moderating Regression Analysis. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of inflation, export-import and interest rates had a positive and significant effect on sales. Meanwhile, the moderation variable, namely GDP, partially affects sales, but cannot moderate the influence of inflation and export-import both in terms of strengthening and weakening the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Other research results show GDP can be a pure moderator of the influence of interest rates on sales. This research has limitations, namely the variables used are macro, therefore for future research it is expected to be able to conduct research using micro variables in the economy.    Keywords: Inflation, Export-Import, Interest Rate, GDP, Sales and Holding Company of SOEs.

The Role of AI in Financial Markets: Impacts on Trading, Portfolio Management, and Price Prediction

Today artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable assistance for human traders. AI systems provide human traders with numerous advantages, such as the capability to conduct genuine high-frequency trading (HFT), which capitalizes on price discrepancies and market anomalies, and to analyze a massive data set from multiple sources in a fraction of a second. The main goal of this research is to examine the role that AI plays in the financial markets, with an emphasis on how it affects trading, portfolio management, and price prediction. In this study, quantitative research methodology was utilised. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the investigation. An online questionnaire was used to collect the primary data, and finance databases, pertinent industry bulletins, and already published literature were used to collect the secondary data. It was found that there is an increasing incorporation of AI and machine learning technologies into financial institutions. Many of the participants revealed that these technologies are used moderately to significantly in their organizations. The most prominent AI and machine learning applications are “algorithmic trading, risk management, fraud detection, credit scoring, and customer service”.

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SETTLEMENT OF MISDEMEANOR CRIMES: A CASE STUDY

This article examines the utilization of restorative justice as an alternative to misdemeanor crimes in the criminal justice system at the Police sector Purwareja Klampok level. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness and challenges faced in implementing the principles of restorative justice to address criminal offenses at the Police sector level. This research adopts a normative juridical approach and utilizes both secondary and primary data sources. Secondary data is obtained through literature research, while primary data is gathered through observations and interviews, involving key stakeholders such as police officers, victims, offenders, and community members, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of restorative justice in Police sector Purwareja Klampok. The findings of this study highlight the potential benefits of restorative justice in facilitating victim-offender reconciliation, involving the community, and promoting rehabilitation. Additionally, the research reveals limitations and barriers in the application of restorative justice, including limited resources, inadequate awareness and understanding among stakeholders, and the need for capacity development and training. Based on data analysis, this article provides recommendations to enhance the implementation of restorative justice at the Police sector Purwareja Klampok level. In conclusion, this research contributes to the existing literature on restorative justice by offering insights into its application as an alternative to misdemeanor crimes in the criminal justice system at the Police sector Purwareja Klampok level. The study emphasizes the importance of promoting a more balanced and comprehensive approach to justice that focuses on repairing harm, fostering accountability, and restoring social harmony within the community.   Keywords: restorative justice, misdemeanor, implementation of restorative justice, social improvement, police sector.

Effects of banditry on primary health care delivery in north-western Nigeria

This study investigated the effects of banditry on primary health care delivery in north-western Nigeria. Banditry has emerged as a critical concern in recent years in the region, affecting many sectors including healthcare systems. We examined how the escalating violence and insecurity have disrupted the provision of essential health services, leading to a range of adverse consequences, including the displacement of healthcare workers, the closure of health facilities, and the hindrance of medical supply chains in north-western Nigeria. The secondary sources of data reviewed show the detrimental effects of banditry on healthcare delivery in north-western Nigeria, particularly in rural communities. These effects included instilling fear among health workers, of which there are already insufficient numbers, hence forcing them away from healthcare centres and contributing to a malnutrition crisis. Thus, it is recommended that there should be robust security measures to safeguard healthcare facilities and workers, community outreach programs to educate local populations, telemedicine services and mobile clinics to provide healthcare services in areas with limited access due to security concerns, training of healthcare workers in conflict-prone areas in emergency response and conflict resolution to deal with security threats effectively, and collaboration with local non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community leaders, and traditional healers to bridge gaps in healthcare delivery.

Implementation Of Murabaha Financing In Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil: A SWOT Analysis

This research uses the SWOT approach to review Murabaha financing at Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT). This research is field research, with primary and secondary data sources, such as questionnaires, interviews, and literature. The research sample consisted of 20 people and three informants. Data analysis uses a mixed method approach, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the IFAS, EFAS and SWOT matrices. The research results found that several internal and external factors need to be evaluated, such as public trust, quality leadership, networks and partnerships, excellent and friendly service, practical procedures, and strategic location, which are assets that organizations can utilize to socialize Murabaha financing in the community. Meanwhile, external opportunities such as support from government agencies, a majority Muslim community, and local marketing strategies offer further growth and development potential. However, there are areas for improvement in education and awareness, product and service innovation, limited resources, and local marketing strategies that need to be overcome. Furthermore, threats from many competitors, the same target market, and a low public understanding of Islamic financing exist. This research can be helpful as a reference for future research and then become a reference for BMT in aligning organizational strategy with internal strengths and external opportunities, as well as overcoming existing weaknesses and threats.

Leveraging Waste Recycling as a Gateway to a Green Economy in Nigeria

The call for a transition to a green economy has been a recurring issue in Nigeria for over a decade. However, there was limited focus on the relationship between waste recycling and the green economy in previous studies. This study explores the nexus between waste recycling and the green economy, examining how waste recycling can be leveraged to foster a green economy in Nigeria. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, and relevant literature from secondary data sources and context were analyzed. The results indicate that waste recycling has not been fully embraced in Nigeria, especially at the household level. Therefore, waste recycling is primarily driven by the informal sector and entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the study reveals the diverse opportunities available through implementing a green economy. It recommends a green economy policy that promotes equity, economic incentives for household waste recycling, and support for entrepreneurs interested in partnering with the government.

Environmental Communication Challenges in The Development Process of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark Area, Sukabumi Regency

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to Explaining the process of environmental communication dynamics in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark area, explaining the dynamics of environmental communication in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark area, formulating follow-up actions to environmental communication dynamics in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark area, Sukabumi Regency.   Method: The research methodology this study used qualitative research methods. Research with a qualitative paradigm is flexible and open by emphasizing inductive analysis (empirico inductive) (Suprayogo and Tabroni 2001: 161). Based on the research objectives to be achieved, this type of research is a case study type of research. This research is based on the type of case study, including the type of exploratory case study research. An exploratory approach seeks to find general information about a topic/problem that is not yet fully understood by researchers. In this research, the data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data sources are objects observed directly in the field and data obtained through interviewed informants. In this research, informants came from four sub-districts which are representatives of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark, including the PAPSI and Palapah community groups, community leaders from four sub-districts, local government, academics, and figures who initiated the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark. This data is also accompanied by photo, image and map data to complement the primary data. Secondary data sources are in the form of documents or written sources in general, such as village monographs, population statistics, building inventories, natural conditions, and also about the history of the formation and development of the Ciletuh Geopark area. Secondary data is obtained from research results, journals, the internet and matters related to data needs. This secondary data is useful for researchers to understand more deeply the problem that is the object of research. In general, the techniques that can be used to collect data for this research are interviews, observation and documentation studies. An interview is a process of direct interaction or communication between the interviewer and the respondent.   Results and conclusion: Based on the literature review and analysis the Ciletuh Geopark area is an area that has unique geological, biological and cultural potential that can be developed as a complete natural and cultural tourism destination that has comparative and competitive advantages. The dynamics of environmental communication that occur are aimed at ensuring that conservation aspects can run in balance and in line with aspects of community empowerment.   Research implications: The findings of this research have implications for environmental communication which has an important role in efforts to empower and develop the community's economy so that it is more environmentally friendly and of course can be more targeted. Environmental communication provides opportunities for good interaction between various parties in community empowerment activities by equalizing perceptions of various environmental problems, so that the expected goals can be achieved with the active participation of the community in overcoming environmental problems in the Geopark area. Originality/value: This research contributes to existing literature by focusing on the intersection between environmental communication dynamics and regional development in the Indonesian context. By identifying obstacles and providing recommendations, this research offers insight into community empowerment activities by equalizing perceptions of various environmental problems in the Geopark area.

Does knowledge sharing enhance the job performance of employees? The mediating role of engagement

ABSTRACT This research seeks to determine how sharing knowledge improves government employees’ performance and how employee engagement mediates this effect. The descriptive and explanatory research method with a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative approaches were employed. As a result, the researchers used both primary and secondary sources of data to gather relevant information to meet the research purpose. To achieve the objectives of this study, explanatory analysis, including structural equation modelling was employed using Smart PLS4 software. The current study’s confirmatory factor analysis result shows that the previous measurement items for each construct should not be used as they are, and the researchers developed a modified measurement model. This study discovered evidence to support the conclusion that knowledge sharing has a significant positive impact on employee performance, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating role of employee engagement; thus, the study can contribute to theory and practice in the field.

Preventing Electoral Fraud in Indonesia: Protecting the Social Security of Election Management Personnel

Indonesia’s Election Management Bodies (EMBs), constitutionally mandated to manage legislative and presidential elections, face substantial risks, including accidents and fatalities. However, their social security rights are often overshadowed by the focus on civil servants and private-sector workers. This study, employing normative legal research, urges the need for state protection of EMBs’ social security rights, drawing on secondary data sources. EMBs should receive comprehensive work-related accident benefits, death benefit programs, and old-age protection schemes from the Workers Social Security Agency (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). The legal basis for these social security rights can be found in several legislative provisions, including the Indonesian 1945 Constitution, the National Social Security System Law, and other related regulations. Recognizing EMBs as state-serving workers is a crucial step in safeguarding their social security rights. This recognition is not merely a matter of legal interpretation; it is a necessity to ensure a fair and secure electoral environment. By ensuring that EMBs are accorded the same rights and protections as other workers, the state can create a more equitable electoral process and reinforce the integrity of its democratic institutions.

Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nepal’s health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Nepal, high in settings marked by prevalent gender and social inequities. Various social stratifiers intersect, either privileging or oppressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts, thereby increasing risks, vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB. This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national policies and the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via HMIS.MethodsA desk review of key policies and the NTP’s HMIS was conducted. Retrospective intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources: annual NTP report (2017–2021) and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres (2017/18–2018/19). Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and types of TB, registration category and treatment outcome.ResultsGender, social inclusion and concept of intersectionality are incorporated into various health policies and strategies but lack effective implementation. NTP has initiated the collection of age, sex, ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS. However, only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely reported, leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB patients static without analysis and dissemination. Furthermore, findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data, showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–19.06, P = 0.01)] of successful outcome compared to male TB patients less than 25 years. Similarly, sex was significantly associated with types of TB (P < 0.05) whereas both age (P < 0.05) and sex (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with patient registration category (old/new cases).ConclusionsThe results highlight inadequacy in the availability of social stratifiers in the routine HMIS. This limitation hampers the NTP’s ability to conduct intersectional analyses, crucial for unveiling the roles of other social determinants of TB. Such limitation underscores the need for more disaggregated data in routine NTP to better inform policies and plans contributing to the development of a more responsive and equitable TB programme and effectively addressing disparities.

Indonesia's responsibility towards Rohingya refugees: analysis of the 1951 Refugee Convention

The Acehnese people refused the boat carrying more than 200 Rohingya migrants in early 2024; therefore, UNHCR is pleading with the Indonesian authorities to allow them to disembark. The UNHCR report states that there are currently 1,608 Aceh refugees, including 140 survivors from the previous year. People are increasingly worried about the impact of the significant influx of Rohingya individuals in Aceh. Indonesia's acceptance of those seeking safety for humanitarian reasons has significantly affected the Acehnese population. Indonesia is being pressured to provide assistance to Rohingya refugees despite not being a signatory to the Refugee Convention. The issue at hand is whether Indonesia is legally obligated to help Rohingya refugees under the Refugee Convention. This study utilized normative legal research, commonly known as document analysis involving a qualitative examination of secondary data sources. The investigation included sources such as books, papers, and treaties, specifically focusing on the Refugee Convention of 1951. Indonesia, as it is not a signatory to the Refugee Convention, does not have a legal duty to aid the Rohingya refugees in Aceh based on the Refugee Convention. This study employed normative legal research, analyzing documents qualitatively with secondary sources like books, articles, and treaties, notably the 1951 Refugee Convention. Consequently, since Indonesia has not ratified the Refugee Convention, it is not bound by legal obligations to assist the Rohingya refugees in Aceh. However, Indonesia still maintains a responsibility according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Migrants and Foreign Language Learners in Pokhara Metropolis: Attitudes towards National Development

In Pokhara Metropolis, the trend of international migration has been a dominant issue in modern times. Many agree that globalization is one of the main reasons behind this migration to the rest of the world. Thus, it has become evident that there is a growing trend of migration especially among the youths of the country. Specifically, acquisition of languages is one of the factors for this migration trend. There is a growing tendency among the youths to learn languages to migrate in different parts of the world as a student or a migrant worker. This study attempts to find out the interrelationship between language acquisition and migration. Language proficiency has become a social norm for migrants of Pokhara Metropolis. In this regard, this study purposes to explore how languages of the host countries play crucial roles to get access to migrant labor force in different parts of the world to generate national revenue. This research paper has applied mixed methods. In order to collect data, surveys, observations, interviews, and focus group discussions have been taken into account. At the same time, the sources of secondary data have been used to bring a conceptual framework for research. The study concluded that the aptitude of language learners is remarkable to get access to other countries as a migrant labor force to generate national revenue for the country.

The Impact of Urban Land Use Changes on the Morphology of the New Calabar River Catchment, Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

The New Calabar River catchment has experienced significant alterations in land use and land cover patterns due to the fast population growth in Port Harcourt. This research investigated the influence of urban land use change on the morphological structure of the New Calabar River basin, which is experiencing rapid urbanization in Rivers State. The research utilized a combination of primary and secondary data sources, specifically satellite imagery and field measurements of the hydro-geomorphic channel's breadth and depth. The findings indicated a significant rise in urbanization, resulting in the encroachment upon various land uses, including water bodies, farmlands, dense forests, and wetlands. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis revealed a significant positive link between channel morphology, discharge, and urbanization index. Therefore, it can be argued that the urbanization index and discharge are crucial in determining the river channel's current channel form and size features. The study also demonstrated a positive correlation between discharge and channel dimensions, including width and depth. The stream channel has experienced an expansion in reaction to the modification of the natural soil caused by urbanization, leading to changes in the stream flow regime. Additionally, it has been observed that the segment of the New Calabar River that encompasses urbanized regions tends to have a comparatively more significant cross-sectional channel. Incorporating urbanization analysis and its impact on morphology has facilitated the implementation of diverse geospatial analyses and sustainable watershed management in the basin.

HARMONY IN GROWTH: EXPLORING AGRO-FORESTRY'S ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN INDIA

This research explores the pivotal role of agro-forestry in fostering sustainable development and environmental conservation within the Indian context. Through an in-depth examination, it elucidates the intricate dynamics between agricultural practices and forestry interventions, emphasizing their collective potential in mitigating environmental degradation while enhancing rural livelihoods. The present paper focuses on the status of agro-forestry in India. The main objective of the present paper is to know the types of agro-forestry, need of agro- forestry and challenges of agro- forestry in India. This paper is basically a descriptive analysis based on secondary data source. India is a vast country with huge population pressure. Majority of the people are dependent on agriculture. Hence India needs large geographical area under agriculture. To maintain the healthy and sustainable environment India needs to increase forest cover area. The present paper finds that it is not possible to increase forest cover due to huge population pressure, but the country has the maximum scope to exhilarate greenery through agro-forestry method. This paper also finds that agro-forestry in India is running in a scattered way which is not enough as per the needs. Hence some constructive steps should be taken from the government side.

A STUDY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN STATE BANK OF INDIA

This project titled "A Study on Financial Performance of SBI Bank" aims to analyze the financial performance of State Bank of India (SBI) using various financial ratios and balance sheet comparative. The study utilizes secondary data sources to examine the financial position, profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency of SBI bank. The data for the study has been collected from the annual reports of the bank, as well as from various financial websites and publications. The study finds that SBI bank has maintained a stable financial position and has consistently improved its profitability over the years. The liquidity and solvency ratios of the bank also indicate a strong financial position. However, there is scope for improvement in the efficiency ratios of the bank. The findings of the study can be used by investors, analysts, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding their investment in SBI bank. Keywords: financial performance, State Bank of India, financial ratios, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, balance sheet comparative, annual reports.

NewGen Surgical: reimagining health for people and planet

Research methodology The case study draws on structured interviews with Rob Chase, Founder and CEO of NewGen Surgical, as well as secondary data sources to analyze the effectiveness of these solutions in mitigating the risks and enhancing the company’s competitive advantage. Case overview/synopsis This case study examines how NewGen Surgical, a small- to medium-sized medical equipment manufacturer based in the USA, navigates a supply chain crisis caused by post-pandemic (COVID-19) supply and demand distress, trade restrictions, and the US–China trade war in 2022. It outlines the journey of CEO and Founder, Robert Chase, as he started, grew and is maintaining the company and its various challenges. The case study reviews the risks and vulnerabilities of the company, which heavily relies on Chinese suppliers for most of its operations. To address the supply chain challenges, the case study explores alternative solutions such as insourcing, reshoring, diversifying the supplier base, changing safety stock and implementing new technologies. The case can be designed to teach business courses such as global business, supply chain and entrepreneurship. Complexity academic level This case study is intended for undergraduate and graduate students in courses such as global business, supply chain and entrepreneurship. In addition, this case study may be incorporated with modules on learning organizations, knowledge management and entrepreneurship to aid students in comprehending the principles of global sourcing, offshoring and supply chain management.

Fiqih Learning Method According To Hasan Ja'far Kholifah And Kamaluddin Muhammad Hasyim

Fiqh is a science that explains Islamic laws. To be able to convey this knowledge, there is a need for a fiqh learning method so that it can be well received by students. This research aims to describe the method of learning fiqh according to the thoughts of Hasan Ja'far Kholifah and Kamaluddin Muhammad Hasyim in their book entitled "Fushulun Fii Tadriisi at-Tarbiyati al-Islamiyati". To achieve this goal, researchers used a library method using two data sources, namely primary data sources in the form of a book entitled "Fushulun Fii Tadriisi at-Tarbiyati al-Islamiyati", and secondary data sources, namely books and related journals. The results of this research explain that 5 methods are suitable for learning fiqh, including teaching methods, demonstrations, question and answer, reading, and drill. Using appropriate learning methods, students will easily accept the material presented, so that they can achieve the educational goals that have been determined.   Keywords: Methods, Learning, Fiqh

The Role of Technology Use in Moderating the Influence of Social Capital and Work Environment on Teacher Performance

Many things are indicated as the driving force in improving performance, and the success of a graduate at the high school level cannot be separated from an educator (teacher). So this research aims to determine the moderating influence of the use of technology in encouraging performance between social capital and the work environment on teacher performance. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources. The research population was all teachers in high schools in Sekotong sub-district, West Lombok, namely 91 teachers. Determination of samples using purposive sampling so that 91 teacher informants were obtained. The research instrument used a questionnaire distributed using Google Form. Data analysis method using path analysis and with SmartPLS 4.0 as a processing tool. The results of this research are that social capital is proven to have no significant effect on teacher performance, meaning that a wide and dense network of relationships does not have an effect on increasing teacher performance for high school/vocational school level teachers in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Meanwhile, the work environment has been proven to have a significant positive effect on teacher performance. This means that the better the work environment, the better the teacher performance will be at the High School teachers in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Then technology is not proven to moderate social capital and the work environment on teacher performance. This means that technology must be balanced with other things to support it, for example balancing knowledge with training and updating knowledge.

The Role of Leadership Transformation in Mediating the Influence of the Use of Technology and Knowledge Sharing Towards Performance Improvement Village Apparatus

This research aims to determine the role of leadership transformation as a medium in the relationship between the use of technology, and knowledge sharing on the performance of village officials. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources. The research population was all officials in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok, namely 196 village officials. Determination of samples using purposive sampling so that 100 village official informants were obtained. The research instrument used a questionnaire distributed using Google Form. Data analysis method using path analysis and with SmartPLS 4.0 as a processing tool. The results of this study indicate that the use of technology does not have a significant positive effect on performance. Knowledge Sharing significant positive effect on device performance. The use of technology has a significant positive effect on Leadership Transformation Knowledge Sharing significant positive effect on Leadership Transformation. Leadership Transformation does not have a significant positive effect on the Performance of Village Officials. Leadership Transformation is not able to mediate the relationship between the Use of Technology and the Performance of Village Officials, and Leadership Transformation is not able to mediate the relationship. Knowledge Sharing on the Performance of Village Officials in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok.