Secondary Branches Research Articles

Multi-trait genome-wide association studies reveal novel pleiotropic loci associated with yield and yield-related traits in rice

Rice yield is a complex trait affected by many related traits. Traditional single-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have limitations when studying complex traits, as they cannot account for the genetic relationships among multiple traits. Multi-trait GWAS, which can consider the relationships among multiple traits and identify pleiotropic loci, is more suitable for complex traits such as rice yield than single-trait GWAS. In this study, we conducted a multi-trait GWAS on 11 two-trait combinations of yield and yield-related traits with 575 hybrid rice varieties across two environments. All of these yield-related traits showed significant genetic correlation with yield (YD), including filled grains per panicle (FGPP), kilo-grain weight (KGW), tillers per plant (TP), primary branch number (PB), secondary branch number (SB) and main panicle length (MPL). In total we identified 44 pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), including 29 new pQTLs not found in single-trait GWAS. We then screened 23 pQTLs showing common effects in two traits as key pQTLs. These key pQTLs were subsequently analyzed for haplotype analysis and identified 13 pleiotropic candidate genes. Finally, we identified two optimal yield-enhancing allele combinations by pyraming superior haplotypes: GS3-GL3.1-OsCIPK17 for the YD-KGW combination and GNP12 for the YD-FGPP and YD-SB combinations. This study provides pleiotropic candidate genes and allele combinations that exhibit superior differences in both yield and yield-related traits, offering valuable information for future high-yielding rice breeding.

Performance de crescimento do feijão caupi sob diferentes concentrações iônicas da solução nutritiva

ABSTRACT: Cowpea is a food crop representing an important source of proteins and income, mainly for people living in the north and northeast of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of two cowpea cultivars under four different ionic concentrations of the growth solution. Thus, a pot experiment was performed using the sand culture technique and set up in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, using four replications and one plant per plot. After the period of growth, the parameters such as length of the shoot, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of secondary branches, number of pods, fresh weight of the stem, stem dry mass, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass, and root/shoot ratio were obtained. The results pointed out that there was a significant interaction effect on parameters like stem diameter, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass, and number of leaves. Both cultivars were strongly responsive to changes in ionic concentration, indicating a greater biomass production at ionic concentrations of 90% and 120%. A greater growth performance for BRS Rouxinol than BRS Itaim was observed, while the second cultivar indicated a high tolerance as exposed to the highest ionic concentrations.

Retinal peri-arteriolar versus peri-venular amyloidosis, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive impairment: exploratory trial

The relationship between amyloidosis and vasculature in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is increasingly acknowledged. We conducted a quantitative and topographic assessment of retinal perivascular amyloid plaque (AP) distribution in individuals with both normal and impaired cognition. Using a retrospective dataset of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy fluorescence images from twenty-eight subjects with varying cognitive states, we developed a novel image processing method to examine retinal peri-arteriolar and peri-venular curcumin-positive AP burden. We further correlated retinal perivascular amyloidosis with neuroimaging measures and neurocognitive scores. Our study unveiled that peri-arteriolar AP counts surpassed peri-venular counts throughout the entire cohort (P < 0.0001), irrespective of the primary, secondary, or tertiary vascular branch location, with a notable increase among cognitively impaired individuals. Moreover, secondary branch peri-venular AP count was elevated in the cognitively impaired (P < 0.01). Significantly, peri-venular AP count, particularly in secondary and tertiary venules, exhibited a strong correlation with clinical dementia rating, Montreal cognitive assessment score, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensity count. In conclusion, our exploratory analysis detected greater peri-arteriolar versus peri-venular amyloidosis and a marked elevation of amyloid deposition in secondary branch peri-venular regions among cognitively impaired subjects. These findings underscore the potential feasibility of retinal perivascular amyloid imaging in predicting cognitive decline and AD progression. Larger longitudinal studies encompassing diverse populations and AD-biomarker confirmation are warranted to delineate the temporal-spatial dynamics of retinal perivascular amyloid deposition in cognitive impairment and the AD continuum.

Endoscopic Ablation of Perihilar Biliary Malignancies

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy arising from biliary epithelial cells and is subdivided based on the location within the biliary tree. The treatment of CCA differs based on the anatomical involvement within the biliary tree. Perihilar CCA (pCCA) arises between the cystic duct and the secondary branches of the right and left hepatic ducts. Surgical resection and liver transplantation offer the only hope for cure in pCCA, but, unfortunately, more than 80% of patients are considered surgically unresectable at the time of diagnosis resulting in a limited overall life expectancy of less than 1 year. For patients with surgically unresectable pCCA, treatment options are limited and include chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy and biliary drainage via endoscopic stenting or percutaneous drainage with minimal overall survival benefits. However, endobiliary ablation options like photodynamic therapy (PDT), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and, to a lesser degree, intraluminal brachytherapy have shown improvements in overall survival and improvements in stent patency and now should be considered for all cases of surgically unresectable pCCA. In fact, the 2023 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Clinical Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of biliary strictures recommend endobiliary ablation (PDT or RFA) for patients with surgically unresectable pCCA rather than stenting alone.

Advanced properties of gold nanoparticles obtained by using long-chain secondary amine for phase transfer from water to chloroform

We have conducted a new comparison of gold nanoparticles functionalized by primary- and secondary amine with the same chain length. Our hypothesis suggests that the adaptive steric conformation of the secondary amine molecular branches makes a marked additional contribution to the well-established role of the ligand chain length. We characterize the importance of this factor based on diOctadecylamine (diODA) and Octadecylamine (ODA) passivated gold nanoparticles by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and selective area electron diffraction (SAED). The results evidenced that the diODA coordination to the inorganic core forms a more efficient and impenetrable protective coating. The SAED patterns show a more homogeneous distribution of the small crystalline domains in the gold core. TEM images show a smooth spherical shape of the diODA nanoparticles and a lack of interparticle coalescence cases. The diODA-passivation provides nanoparticles with nearly twice the effective ligand length than its ODA equivalent. This results in their spontaneous arrangement in domains with expressed crystal-like order despite the relatively large size-dispersity before passivation. The surface free energy of coatings, formed by diODA passivated gold nanoparticles, is twice as small as measured on the ODA-nanoparticle-coated surfaces.

GWAS for the identification of introgressed candidate genes of Sinapis alba with increased branching numbers in backcross lines of the allohexaploid Brassica.

Plant architecture is a crucial determinant of crop yield. The number of primary (PB) and secondary branches (SB) is particularly significant in shaping the architecture of Indian mustard. In this study, we analyzed a panel of 86 backcross introgression lines (BCILs) derived from the first stable allohexaploid Brassicas with 170 Sinapis alba genome-specific SSR markers to identify associated markers with higher PB and SB through association mapping. The structure analysis revealed three subpopulations, i.e., P1, P2, and P3, in the association panel containing a total of 11, 33, and 42 BCILs, respectively. We identified five novel SSR markers linked to higher PB and SB. Subsequently, we explored the 20 kb up- and downstream regions of these SSR markers to predict candidate genes for improved branching and annotated them through BLASTN. As a result, we predicted 47 complete genes within the 40 kb regions of all trait-linked markers, among which 35 were identified as candidate genes for higher PB and SB numbers in BCILs. These candidate genes were orthologous to ANT, RAMOSUS, RAX, MAX, MP, SEU, REV, etc., branching genes. The remaining 12 genes were annotated for additional roles using BLASTP with protein databases. This study identified five novel S. alba genome-specific SSR markers associated with increased PB and SB, as well as 35 candidate genes contributing to plant architecture through improved branching numbers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of introgressive genes for higher branching numbers in B. juncea from S. alba.

Effect of Drying and Wetting Cycles on the Surface Cracking and Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Expansive Clays

Expansive clays present serious issues in a variety of engineering applications, including roadways, light buildings, and infrastructure, because of their notable volume changes with varying moisture content. Tough weather conditions can lead to drying and shrinking, which alters expansive clays’ hydro-mechanical properties and results in cracking. The hydro-mechanical behavior of Al-Ghatt expansive clay and the impact of wetting and drying cycles on the formation of surface cracks are addressed in this investigation. For four cycles of wetting and drying and three vertical stress levels, i.e., 50 kPa, 100 kPa, and 200 kPa, were investigated. The sizes and patterns of cracks were observed and classified. A simplified classification based on main track and secondary branch tracks is introduced. The vertical strain measure at each cycle, which showed swell and shrinkage, was plotted. The hydromechanical behavior of the clay, which corresponds to three levels of overburden stress as indicated by its swell potential and hydraulic conductivity was observed. It was found that at low overburden stresses of 50 kPa, the shrinkage is high and drops with increasing the number of cycles. Al-Ghatt clay’s tendency to crack is significantly reduced or eliminated by the 200 kPa overburden pressure. The results of this work can be used to calculate the depth of a foundation and the amount of partial soil replacement that is needed.

Melatonin differentially refines the metabolome to improve seed formation during grain developmental stages and enhances yield in two contrasting rice cultivars, grown in arsenic-contaminated soil

The manuscript revealed the ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin in two distinct reproductive stages, i.e., developing grains (20 days after pollination) and matured grains (40 days after pollination) in two contrasting indica rice genotypes, viz., Khitish (arsenic-susceptible) and Muktashri (arsenic-tolerant), irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water throughout their life-cycle. Melatonin administration improved yield-related parameters like rachis length, primary and secondary branch length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled and empty grains per panicle, grain length and breadth and 1000-grain per weight. Expression of GW2, which negatively regulates grain development, was suppressed, along with concomitant induction of positive regulators like GIF1, DEP1 and SPL14 in both Khitish and Muktashri. Melatonin lowered arsenic bioaccumulation in grains and tissue biomass, more effectively in Khitish. Unregulated production of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular necrosis caused by arsenic, was reversed in presence of melatonin. Endogenous melatonin level was stimulated due to up-regulation of the key biosynthetic genes, SNAT and ASMT. Melatonin enhanced the production of diverse antioxidants like anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolics and ascorbic acid and also heightened the production of thiol-metabolites (cysteine, reduced glutathione, non-protein thiols and phytochelatin), ensuring effective chelation and arsenic detoxification. Altogether, our observation, supported by principal component analysis, proved that melatonin re-programs the antioxidative metabolome to enhance plant resilience against arsenic stress to mitigate oxidative damages and reduce arsenic translocation from the soil to tissue biomass and edible grains.

Nutrient-feeding strategy promotes the growth, biomass, and quality of genotype/variety CIM Megha of Kalmegh

The current study used two harvesting periods (2020-21 and 2021–2022) to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied to the soil on Kalmegh growth, productivity, and economic viability. The study looked at a variety of growth parameters, including plant height, the number of primary and secondary branches, plant spread, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, and fresh, dry, and seeded herbage output. T6 (RDF + VAM + Vermicompost) produced much higher growth metrics and yields than other treatments, exhibiting consistently better performance. The improved outcomes were attributed to the combined effects of inorganic fertilizers, mycorrhizal association (VAM), and organic supplementation (vermicompost). T2 (RDF + vermicompost) displayed a similar performance. On the other hand, the T7 control group had the lowest values across all metrics. The economic study determined that T6 was the most economically viable choice due to its higher gross and net returns. This emphasizes the importance of coordinated nutrient management in achieving optimal agricultural output and economic sustainability. According to the study's findings, T6, which has a balanced mix of inorganic and organic amendments, is a promising technique for increasing kalmegh variety CIM Megha production. This technique provides higher crops, financial rewards, and improved soil nutrient levels.

Effect of grow cover and sowing time on growth, yield and quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

The present investigation entitled Effect of grow cover and sowing time on growth, yield and quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) was carried out at Instructional farm, Jambuvadi, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during 2022-23.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial Concept (FRBD) with two factors. The treatments consisted of five date of sowing i.e., second fortnight of December, first fortnight of January, Second fortnight of January, First fortnight of February and second fortnight of February under open field as wellas biodegradable low tunnel, respectively. The result clearly indicated that effect of the grow cover (biodegradable grow cover) and sowing time (1st fortnight of February) (G2S4) recorded minimum days to germination (5.20), days to flowering (22.40) and maximum vine length (139.53 cm), length of secondary branches vine-1 (121.92), fruit weight (538.33 g), polar diameter (9.50 cm), fruit yield vine-1 (1.80 kg vine-1), total fruit yield (76.44 t ha-1), pulp thickness (3.00 cm), TSS(8.11oBrix) and minimum cavity index (3.68cm).

Evaluation of oryzalin-induced putative polyploids of &lt;i&gt;Jasminum sambac&lt;/i&gt; cv. Ramanathapuram Gundumalli

The aim of the research was to create genetic variations in Jasminum sambac using oryzalin as a polyploidizing agent. Rooted stem cuttings of J. sambac were treated with oryzalin (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05%) and their vegetative and flowering parameters were recorded on 150 days after treatment. The study revealed that the higher concentration of oryzalin (0.05%) caused reduction in plant height, internodal length, number of flowering cymes per plant and number of flower buds per cyme. However, the same treatment significantly enhanced certain vegetative parameters viz., number of secondary branches, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area, and flowering parameters namely flower bud length, corolla tube length, flower bud girth, diameter of open flower and hundred flower bud weight. High GCV was recorded in major yield attributing traits, i.e. number of flowering cymes per plant and hundred flower bud weight. High heritability and genetic advance registered for the traits viz., plant height, number of secondary branches, internodal length, number of flowering cymes, flower bud girth and hundred flower bud weight per plant indicates least influence by environment and selection such characters may be useful.

Evaluation of oryzalin-induced putative polyploids of &lt;i&gt;Jasminum sambac&lt;/i&gt; cv. Ramanathapuram Gundumalli

The aim of the research was to create genetic variations in Jasminum sambac using oryzalin as a polyploidizing agent. Rooted stem cuttings of J. sambac were treated with oryzalin (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05%) and their vegetative and flowering parameters were recorded on 150 days after treatment. The study revealed that the higher concentration of oryzalin (0.05%) caused reduction in plant height, internodal length, number of flowering cymes per plant and number of flower buds per cyme. However, the same treatment significantly enhanced certain vegetative parameters viz., number of secondary branches, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area, and flowering parameters namely flower bud length, corolla tube length, flower bud girth, diameter of open flower and hundred flower bud weight. High GCV was recorded in major yield attributing traits, i.e. number of flowering cymes per plant and hundred flower bud weight. High heritability and genetic advance registered for the traits viz., plant height, number of secondary branches, internodal length, number of flowering cymes, flower bud girth and hundred flower bud weight per plant indicates least influence by environment and selection such characters may be useful.

The wall-associated kinase GWN1 controls grain weight and grain number in rice.

Grain size is a crucial agronomic trait that determines grain weight and final yield. Although several genes have been reported to regulate grain size in rice (Oryza sativa), the function of Wall-Associated Kinase family genes affecting grain size is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified GRAIN WEIGHT AND NUMBER 1 (GWN1) using map-based cloning. GWN1 encodes the OsWAK74 protein kinase, which is conserved in plants. GWN1 negatively regulates grain length and weight by regulating cell proliferation in spikelet hulls. We also found that GWN1 negatively influenced grain number by influencing secondary branch numbers and finally increased plant grain yield. The GWN1 gene was highly expressed in inflorescences and its encoded protein is located at the cell membrane and cell wall. Moreover, we identified three haplotypes of GWN1 in the germplasm. GWN1hap1 showing longer grain, has not been widely utilized in modern rice varieties. In summary, GWN1 played a very important role in regulating grain length, weight and number, thereby exhibiting application potential in molecular breeding for longer grain and higher yield.

Source Models of the 2016 and 2022 Menyuan Earthquakes and Their Tectonic Implications Revealed by InSAR.

The Haiyuan fault system plays a crucial role in accommodating the eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and is currently slipping at a rate of several centimeters per year. However, limited seismic activities have been observed using geodetic techniques in this area, impeding the comprehensive investigation into regional tectonics. In this study, the geometric structure and source models of the 2022 Mw 6.7 and the 2016 Mw 5.9 Menyuan earthquakes were investigated using Sentinel-1A SAR images. By implementing an atmospheric error correction method, the signal-to-noise ratio of the 2016 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coseismic deformation field was significantly improved, enabling InSAR observations with higher accuracy. The results showed that the reliability of the source models for those events was improved following the reduction in observation errors. The Coulomb stress resulting from the 2016 event may have promoted the strike-slip movement of the western segment of the Lenglongling fault zone, potentially expediting the occurrence of the 2022 earthquake. The coseismic slip distribution and the spatial distribution of aftershocks of the 2022 event suggested that the seismogenic fault may connect the western segment of the Lenglongling fault (LLLF) and the eastern segment of the Tuolaishan fault (TLSF). Additionally, the western segment of the surface rupture zone of the northern branch may terminate in the secondary branch close to the Sunan-Qilian fault (SN-QL) strike direction, and the earthquake may have triggered deep aftershocks and accelerated stress release within the deep seismogenic fault.

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of New Neovascular Branches and Association With Exudation Recurrence in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical role of multi-signal quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) perfusion sampling in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The study was designed as a cross-sectional case series. We collected data from already treated macular neovascularization (MNV), characterized by (I) clinically relevant recurrent exudation, (II) nonclinically relevant recurrent exudation, and (III) inactive lesion. We proposed a new OCTA metric, calculating the gap between high-resolution (HR) and high-speed (HS) OCTA samplings, hypothesizing that this gap might improve the detection of new secondary MNV branches, being also associated with exudation recurrence. Main outcome measures were the HR-HS gap-based categorization of MNV lesions and the assessment of its association with exudative, minimally exudative, and inactive lesions. Our cohort (which consisted of 32 MNV eyes; 32 patients; mean disease duration 5 years) was classified as type 1 (17; 53%), type 2 (11; 34%), or mixed type (4; 13%) MNV. Subretinal fibrosis was found in 17 out of 32 eyes (53%), whereas outer retinal atrophy involved 22 of 32 eyes (69%). HR-HS MNV gap was significantly different among MNV subgroups: 18% for the exudative subgroup, 12% for the minimally exudative subgroup, and 4% for the inactive subgroup. HR-HS gap significantly correlated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), disease duration, fibrosis, and outer retinal atrophy. HR-HS gap is a novel quantitative metric to detect the secondary novel branches of AMD-related MNV. This parameter is clinically relevant because it is associated with fluid recurrence. The integration of HR-HS gap in artificial intelligence models might help to predict MNV reactivation and to optimize treatment strategies.

Effects of lignite-based sulphur fertilizer levels on soil properties and growth of Brassica napus

Lignite and sulphur are instrumental in enhancing the growth and yield-related traits of Brassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed. This study aimed to explore the effects of lignite-based sulphur fertilizers on Brassica napus production. Spanning two consecutive seasons, the experiment included treatments with a control group, three levels of elemental sulphur (30, 40, and 50 kg ha-1), and three levels of lignite-based sulphur fertilizer (30, 40, and 50 kg ha-1). Employing a randomized complete block design with four replications, the study revealed that applying lignite-based sulphur fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha-1 led to significant improvements in various growth parameters, such as plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, biological yield, seed yield, thousand seed weight, and oil yield. Notably, substantially higher seed and oil yields were achieved with the application of 50 kg ha-1 of lignite-based sulphur fertilizer. In semi-arid climates, to maximize rapeseed yield, yield components, and quality, it is advisable to utilize lignite-based sulphur fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha-1.

Numerical Simulation of Flow Field Structure of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery and its Optimization on Mass Transfer Performance

The structural design of the flow channel of a redox flow battery directly affects ion transport efficiency, electrode overpotential, and stack performance during charge-discharge cycles. A tapered hierarchical interdigitated flow field design that has independent flow channel structures for different levels of flow was developed in this work. Especially, the secondary branch channels are the tapered type and the corresponding cross-sections are gradually reduced along the flow direction, which is beneficial for improving the flow rate at the end of channels and enhancing mass transfer. The performances of a vanadium redox flow battery with interdigitated flow field, hierarchical interdigitated flow field, and tapered hierarchical interdigitated flow field were evaluated through 3D numerical model. The results showed that at 240 mA cm−2 and 6 ml s−1, the pump-based efficiency of the hierarchical interdigitated flow field increased by 4%-7% compared with the interdigitated flow field. Furthermore, the pump-based efficiency with tapered hierarchical interdigitated flow field increased by 1.6%-3% compared with the hierarchical interdigitated flow field. This indicates that the tapered hierarchical interdigitated flow field shows further advantages in redox flow battery applications.

Genetic Variability and Cause-Effect Relationship in Aromatic Rice

Twenty diverse rice genotypes, mostly aromatic landraces, were grown during warm wet season of 2022 to analyse the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficients for sixteen agro-morphological characters. The results of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability, heritability, and genetic advance indicated that improvement through selection for flag leaf angle, panicle exertion, secondary branches per panicle, test weight, spikelet number, and number of filled grains would be effective. Correlation coefficients of grain yield with flag leaf area, spikelet fertility percentage, test weight and harvest index were positive and significant, while with flag leaf angle it was negative and significant indicating the importance of these characters on grain yield. Path analysis revealed that selection for larger flag leaf area, greater test weight and narrow flag leaf angle, reduced plant height and early flowering would increase grain yield. However, restrictions are required to be imposed on panicle number, panicle length and filled grain, so that a balance between morphological architecture and physiological rhythm is maintained to optimize source-sink relationship.

Strategic Approaches for Genetic Enhancement of Quantitative and Physiological Traits in Advanced Breeding Lines of Chickpea

Performance on seed yield and yield attributing traits of 41 advance breeding lines were used to estimate parameters of genetic variability, association analysis and diversity analysis between seed yield and its contributing traits. Traits such as biological yield per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, stem thickness, height of first fruiting node, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, harvest index and primary branches per plant revealed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean. High magnitude of positive direct effect and significantly positive correlations on seed yield per plant was found with number of effective pods per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and number of secondary branches per plant. Clustering analysis based on various morphological traits assorted 41 desi chickpea genotypes into four clusters. Traits like biological yield, plant height and 100 seed weight contributed most towards the genetic divergence. Genotypes ICCV211103, ICCV211106, ICCV211108, ICCV211111, ICCV211116, RVG 204, JG 24, JG 12, JG 16, Virat and Vishal recorded maximum positive principal component scores for the traits viz., plant height, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, stem thickness, biological yield per plant, harvest index, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight and stem height at first fruiting node, therefore these genotypes will as promising donor lines for chickpea yield improvement.

Appropriate mowing can promote the growth of Anabasis aphylla through the auxin metabolism pathway

Anabasis aphylla (A. aphylla), a species of the Amaranthaceae family, is widely distributed in northwestern China and has high pharmacological value and ecological functions. However, the growth characteristics are poorly understood, impeding its industrial development for biopesticide development. Here, we explored the regenerative capacity of A. aphylla. To this end, different lengths of the secondary branches of perennial branches were mowed at the end of March before sprouting. The four treatments were no mowing (M0) and mowing 1/3, 2/3, and the entire length of the secondary branches of perennial branches (M1–M3, respectively). Next, to evaluate the compensatory growth after mowing, new assimilate branches’ related traits were recorded every 30 days, and the final biomass was recorded. The mowed plants showed a greater growth rate of assimilation branches than un-mowed plants. Additionally, with the increasing mowing degree, the growth rate and the final biomass of assimilation branches showed a decreasing trend, with the greatest growth rate and final biomass in response to M1. To evaluate the mechanism of the compensatory growth after mowing, a combination of dynamic (0, 1, 5, and 8 days after mowing) plant hormone-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed for the M0 and M1 treatment. Overall, 26 plant hormone metabolites were detected, 6 of which significantly increased after mowing compared with control: Indole-3-acetyl-L-valine methyl ester, Indole-3-carboxylic acid, Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, Gibberellin A24, Gibberellin A4, and cis (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Additionally, 2,402 differentially expressed genes were detected between the mowed plants and controls. By combining clustering analysis based on expression trends after mowing and gene ontology analysis of each cluster, 18 genes related to auxin metabolism were identified, 6 of which were significantly related to auxin synthesis. Our findings suggest that appropriate mowing can promote A. aphylla growth, regulated by the auxin metabolic pathway, and lays the foundation for the development of the industrial value of A. aphylla.