Secondary Board Research Articles

Environmental test and evaluation technology of control and protection device for flexible DC converter valve

Environmental suitability is particularly important for the safe and reliable operation of the product. The environmental test and evaluation method are studied to target the reliability requirements for the control and protection device of the flexible DC converter valve. According to the characteristics of the secondary board card of the control and protection device, a study is carried out on the mechanism of salt spray corrosion, and specific methods for implementing and evaluating the salt spray test are proposed. Using this method, a salt spray test is conducted on a secondary board card of a relay control and protection device under the finalization of the design. The test results show that this method can effectively reveal the salt spray corrosion weakness of the product. Besides, salt spray test results are also evaluated according to the corrosion conditions of the product after the test. The application of environmental test and evaluation technology of the control and protection device of the flexible DC converter valve has a significant meaning in improving the reliability of relevant products.

Study on the Relation Between Mental Health and Academic Achievement of Higher Secondary Students

The present study aimed at examining the relationship between mental health and academic achievement of school students. For this purpose 230 students (Boys-108 &Girls-122) were selected from four different schools where two urban and two rural school of Raiganj Block in Uttar Dinajpur district. The marks obtained in class ‘XI’ of West Bengal Higher Secondary Board was used as the indicator of academic achievement. The academic achievement scores of the sample were collected by stratified random sampling technique which considered as Descriptive research methodology. The result showed that urban students was mentally healthy than rural students. Mentally health was positively related with the academic achievement.

Calculation of the thermal field of a linear induction motor (LIM) considering a discontinuous secondary plate

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the linear induction motor (LIM) thermal field when the motor passes through the discontinuous area of the secondary plate in rail transit operation.Design/methodology/approachTo study the thermal field when the LIM passes through the discontinuous area of the secondary plate, the two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic field model of the motor is first established to calculate and analyze the electromagnetic field of the LIM, and then the motor thermal field is calculated according to the calculation results of the motor electromagnetic field. Finally, the heat source (the motor loss) and the heat dissipation coefficient are added to the thermal field calculation model to calculate the motor thermal field.FindingsThis study found that the discontinuity of the secondary board would lead to changes in the electromagnetic field of the linear induction motor to change, which would reduce the motor efficiency and increase the loss, resulting in a sudden increase in the temperature field of the motor.Originality/valueThe LIM temperature field calculation when the LIM passes through the discontinuous area of the secondary board could provide an early warning for the potential risks of the LIM in rail transit applications.

ACADEMIC TASK COMMITMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT THE INTER CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC OUTCOMES

This research paper is an attempt to understandcommitment and achievement which are very important in predicting individual and group success in any endeavor. Research has shown that commitment invariably has a major impact on behavioral outcomes connected to task performance. Task performance leads to achievement which has a very crucial impact on personality factorslike self-esteem, self-concept, emotional intelligence and other connected constructs. Environmental and social factors are also the contributing factors in commitment-achievement interplay.This paper studies academic task commitment vis-a-vis academic performance/achievement of high school students of select schools of Bangalore-India, belonging to three different boardsnamely Central Board of Secondary Education , Indian Council of Secondary Education and Karnataka State Board, each havingunique syllabus and board of examination. Gender and socio economic factors have been considered in the study. The results reveal the rejection of the null hypothesis which states that there was no significant relationship between Academic Task commitment and Academic Achievement among school children. The study also found that there was no significant difference in Academic Task Commitment among boys and girls due to gender. Further, the study found that there was no significant difference in Academic Achievement amongboys and girls due to gender. Finally, the null hypothesis which states that socio economic status difference has no significance in Academic Task Commitment among school children is accepted.Data analysis throws significant light and possible interplay between constructs that can be factored for designing very significant interventions with more detailed study on implications.

Appraisal of high-stake examinations during SARS-CoV-2 emergency with responsible and transparent AI: Evidence of fair and detrimental assessment

In situations like the coronavirus pandemic, colleges and universities are forced to limit their offline and regular academic activities. Extended postponement of high-stakes exams due to health risk hereby reduces productivity and progress in later years. Several countries decided to organize the exams online. Since many other countries with large education boards had an inadequate infrastructure and insufficient resources during the emergency, education policy experts considered a solution to simultaneously protect public health and fully resume high-stakes exams -by canceling offline exam and introducing a uniform assessment process to be followed across the states and education boards. This research proposes a novel system using an AI model to accomplish the complex task of evaluating all students across education boards with maximum level of fairness and analyzes the ability to fairly appraise exam grades in the context of high-stakes examinations during SARS-CoV-2 emergency. Basically, a logistic regression classifier on top of a deep neural network is used to output predictions that are as fair as possible for all learners. The predictions of the proposed grade-awarding system are explained by the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) framework. SHAP allowed to identify the features of the students' portfolios that contributed most to the predicted grades. In the setting of an empirical analysis in one of the largest education systems in the Global South, 81.85% of learners were assigned fair scores while 3.12% of the scores were significantly smaller than the actual grades, which would have had a detrimental effect if it had been applied for real. Furthermore, SHAP allows policy-makers to debug the predictive model by identifying and measuring the importance of the factors involved in the model's final decision and removing those features that should not play a role in the model's “reasoning” process.

Burdened by the bag: A school-based cross-sectional survey

Background: The demands of education in our country have led to an increase in the loads children carry on a daily basis to school. Research evidence confirms that excessive loads lead to musculoskeletal problems in children, predisposing them to chronic back pain in adulthood. This problem becomes pertinent in primary school children, owing to the development of the spine at this age. Objectives: This study aims to assess the magnitude of the issue of heavy schoolbags, by measuring schoolbag weights and the factors affecting the ≤10% of body weight recommendation, and the children's perception of discomfort and pain. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design was chosen for the research. Methods: Two schools with different syllabi, Indian Certificate of Secondary Examination and Central Board of Secondary Examination were approached and the schoolbags of children from Grades 1 to 5, aged 6-12-year (n = 776; boys = 402 and girls = 374), were weighed, and followed up over a week. Children were asked to rate their pain on the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and teachers' responses were collected through a teacher reported questionnaire prepared by the authors, which assessed their knowledge and control regarding the issue. Results: Majority of children carried a backpack and a separate lunch bag to and from school. A large percentage, 97.8% of schoolbags, weighed more than the recommended limit of ≤ 10% of the body weight. The mean weight of schoolbags carried was 5.9 ± 1.5 kg. Boys carried on an average 5.91 ± 1.48 kg and girls 5.98 ± 1.55 kg. Forty-eight percent of the children reported that carrying the schoolbag was causing discomfort and musculoskeletal pain and 77% of them reported discomfort at the shoulder region. Faces Pain Scale-Revised score ranged from 2 to 9 with 8 as an average intensity. Eighteen children reported absenteeism from school ranging from 1 to 5 days over the last term. The perception of teachers regarding the problem of schoolbag weights was mixed. Conclusion: This study concludes that heavy schoolbags are a problem in both the schools, with different syllabi. Being forced to carry heavy bags may lead to “schoolbag syndrome” in children. Thus, stringent measures need to be undertaken to reduce the bag burden and protect the health of children.

Analysis of a survey on orthopaedic residency training for fracture treatment in Korea

IntroductionFracture surgery is the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedure and is considered an essential surgical procedure for orthopaedic surgeons in general. Although the approach and circumstances of orthopaedic residency training for fracture treatment may differ between countries, the goals of training, which is to educate the residents regarding the principles of the fracture treatment and foster conscientious orthopaedic specialists, remain unchanged. Thus, the aim of the this study was to determine a desirable course of orthopaedic residency training by investigating and analysing the reality of training associated with fracture surgery and treatment during the orthopaedic residency of 4th year orthopaedic residents in Korea. MethodsUsing a questionnaire survey, a one-on-one interview was proposed to 266 applicants following the secondary board examination of residents who had completed the orthopaedic residency training course; the survey was conducted on January 19, 2016. Responses from 152 applicants (response rate: 57%) who accepted to participate in the survey were statistically analysed. ResultsDuring residency training, clinicians underwent fracture-related training for 3.5 h on average per month. Training consisted of various approaches and included lectures by professors, case briefings, textbook reading, and field training in an operating room. The residents largely differed in terms of experience in conducting fracture surgery: 47 (31%) responded that they had never performed fracture surgery during the training period, whereas 21 (14%) answered that they had conducted fracture surgery over 20 times. Experience in performing the surgical procedure was the most valuable in fracture training. ConclusionTo optimize fracture education among orthopaedic residents, the professors at teaching hospitals should understand the realities of fracture education, dedicate sufficient time for internal and external fracture teachings, and allow residents to perform fracture surgeries hands-on under their supervision, and also attempt to foster a social atmosphere that encourages all three factors.

Board Leadership Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Listed Companies in Sri Lanka

Corporate Governance as a mechanism helps to align management's goals with those of the stakeholders that are to increase firm performance. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between board leadership structure and firm performance of listed companies in Sri Lanka during the period of 2014-2016. The data was collected from the secondary data sources and board leadership structure is measured by CEO duality. The sample of this study consists of 100 firms listed in Colombo Stock Exchange based on market capitalization. For the purpose of data analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis and independent sample t-test were used to examine the hypotheses of this study. The findings reveal that board leadership structure is positively correlated with firm performance in terms of Tobin’s Q and there is no significant difference in firm performance between CEO duality firms & non-duality firms.

2D:4D ratio and its association with examination scores and cognitive abilities in adolescent students - A cross-sectional study

Background: 2D:4D ratio or the ratio of lengths of 2nd (index finger) and 4th (ring finger), a proxy marker for prenatal testosterone exposure, is known to be sexually dimorphic with males having lower values. Low digit ratio is associated with certain characteristics such as aggression in males and assertiveness in females. Similarly, high digit ratio in males is associated with increased sperm counts, increased risk for heart disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome, depression, and anxiety. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to measure 2D:4D ratios of adolescent students and look for associations between 2D:4D ratios and their Higher Secondary School Board examination scores and their cognitive abilities such as attention, memory, spatial ability, and intelligence. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 70 adolescents of 18-19 years age group pursuing their education in the campus of Saveetha University. The 2D:4D ratio was measured from the midpoint of bottom crease where the finger joins the hand to the tip of the finger using digital Vernier calipers. Selected few domains of cognition were evaluated using the tests for free and placement recall, category fluency tests, and visual N-back tests. Correlation between 2D:4D ratio and Higher Secondary Board examination scores and mean cognition test scores were tested using Pearson’s correlation test. Comparison of test scores between genders and low scorers versus normal scorers was performed using student t-test. Results: The mean 2D:4D ratio of the study population was 0.97 ± 0.034. The mean 2D:4D ratio of males (0.97 ± 0.32) was not significantly different from that of females (0.98 ± 0.035). There was no significant correlation between higher secondary scores and the 2D:4D ratio. Significant relationships with 2D:4D ratios and domains of cognition tested (free and placement recall, category fluency, and working memory) were not observed. Existing literature also revealed many inconsistencies within the pattern of associations between 2D:4D digit ratio and cognitive abilities. Conclusion: The future studies in a larger population with more and different tests for assessment of cognition would help us in ascertaining the role of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy marker for prenatal androgen exposure.

Demographics and Fellowship Training of Residency Leadership in EM: A Descriptive Analysis

IntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) fellowships are becoming increasingly numerous, and there is a growing trend among EM residents to pursue postgraduate fellowship training. Scant data have been published on the prevalence of postgraduate training among emergency physicians. We aimed to describe the prevalence and regional variation of fellowships among EM residency leadership.MethodsWe conducted an online anonymous survey that was sent to the Council of EM Residency Directors (CORD) membership in October 2014. The survey was a brief questionnaire, which inquired about fellowship, secondary board certification, gender, and length in a leadership position of each member of its residency leadership. We separated the responses to the survey into four different geographic regions. The geographic regions were defined by the same classification used by the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). We defined residency leadership as program director (PD), associate PD and assistant PD. Residencies that did not complete the survey were then individually contacted to encourage completion. The survey was initially piloted for ease of use and understanding of the questions with a select few EM PDs.ResultsWe obtained responses from 145 of the 164 Accrediting Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited EM residencies (88%). The fellowship prevalence among PDs, associate PDs, and assistant PDs was 21.4%, 20.3%, and 24.9% respectively. The most common fellowship completed was a fellowship in toxicology. Secondary board certification among PDs, associate PDs, and assistant PDs was 9.7%, 4.8%, and 2.9% respectively. Eighty-two percent of PDs have at least five years in residency leadership. Seventy-six percent of PDs were male, and there was a near-even split of gender among associate PDs and assistant PDs. The Western region had the highest percentage of fellowship and or secondary board certification among all levels of residency leadership.ConclusionThere is a low prevalence of fellowship training and secondary board certification among EM residency leadership, with the most common being toxicology. Assistant PDs, the majority of whom had less than five years residency leadership experience, had the highest percentage of fellowship training. There may be a regional variation in the percentage of residency leadership completing postgraduate training.

Towards a Sustainable Distribution and Effective Management of School Facilities in Ikot Ekpene LGA of Akwa Ibom State: A Geographic Information Systems Option

The study investigated the spatial distribution of school facilities in Ikot Ekpene LGA of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria with a view to apply Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique in educational facilities management planning. The study used the administrative map of the study area collected from the local government as the base map. Information on the number and addresses of the educational facilities available in the study area were collected from the State Secondary Board, Uyo while the coordinates of the schools were obtained during field survey using Global Positioning System (GPS). These data were incorporated into GIS environment and analysed using Arc Map 9.3 software. The study revealed a random to near concentration of the schools in particular wards in the LGA with some left areas educationally deprived. The study also shows the pattern of facilities distribution in the study area. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n15p77

Study on the Secondary Structures of Long Primary Double Sided Linear Motor

Long primary double sided linear motor drive technology is applied in electromagnetic aircraft launch application. Due to the structure of the secondary board, there is a great room for the improvement of electromagnetic thrust for the long primary double sided linear motor. This paper studies mainly the secondary structures of the long primary double sided linear motor. The results of this paper lead to a better performance of the motor by the transformation of the structural design of the secondary board.

Capital Markets for SMEs -- Evolution, Lessons Learned, and Implication

Capital Markets for Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), also called alternative capital markets (ACM), alternative new markets, secondary board, have become increasingly important topic in the financial sector. The paper looks into the evolution of ACM and then draws lessons and policy implication.

Development of LAMBDA: Large Area Medipix-Based Detector Array

The Medipix3 photon counting readout chip has a range of features — small pixel size, high readout rate and inter-pixel communication — which make it attractive for X-ray scattering and imaging at synchrotrons. DESY have produced a prototype large-area detector module that can carry a 6 by 2 array of Medipix3 chips (1536 by 512 pixels), which can be used with a single large silicon sensor (85mm by 28mm) or two ``hexa'' high-Z sensors. The detector head is designed to be tilable and compatible with low temperatures, and will allow high speed parallel readout of the Medipix3 chips. It consists of a ceramic board, on which the sensor assembly is mounted, and a secondary board for signal routing and voltage regulators. A prototype DAQ board using USB2 readout has also been produced. A ``quad'' Medipix3 sensor assembly has been mounted on the detector head, and successfully configured and read out by the DAQ board. Development has begun on a high-speed readout board, and large-area silicon assemblies are in production.

Are Momentum Strategies Profitable? Evidence from Singapore

We investigate the profitability of momentum investment strategies for equities listed on the Stock Exchange of Singapore (SGX-MAINBOARD), second board (SGX-SESDAQ) and a combined board. We also investigate the relationship between stock returns and past trading volume for equities listed in the Singapore stock exchange. We report significant momentum profits for the period investigated in this paper and document that momentum is a persistent feature of stock returns for all three boards. We also document that momentum portfolios earn returns as high as 14.1% per month on the secondary board, 13.29% on the combined board and 11.22% on the main board.

The National Institute of Open Schooling

Byline: Chittaranjan. Andrade The National open School or the National Institute of Open Schooling ( NIOS; www.nos.org ) is an important initiative of the Government of India, created to cater to the educational needs of students who cannot attend regular schools. Students who benefit from this initiative include sportspersons who have to train and travel all through the academic year; those with a physical handicap; and those with chronic medical illness. Additionally, a large number of candidates who register with the NIOS Board are those with learning disorders or other psychiatric conditions. The NIOS Board The NIOS has been in existence since 1990. It offers a national board examination at two levels: secondary and higher secondary. The secondary level is equivalent to the ICSE, CBSE, SSLC, and other national or state Standard 10 board examinations. The higher secondary level is equivalent to the PUC and other Standard 12 board examinations. Many (but not all) boards, institutions, and universities across the country recognize the NIOS certification for continued or higher studies; these are listed in the NIOS prospectus and at the NIOS website. However, as those who could not attend regular school may not be able to attend regular college either, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) may be an opportunity for continuing education for students who complete their higher secondary studies with the NIOS. NIOS Subjects Regular schools require students to study all the subjects in the curriculum: two languages, science, mathematics, and social studies; each subject may have more than one paper. The school boards with which regular schools are registered allow, at the most, an exemption from second language for students with a language disability; and some boards require the magnitude of this disability to exceed 50% to qualify for the exemption. No national board and probably no state board allow exemptions from science or mathematics, such as for students with arithmetic disorder. In contrast, the NIOS requires students to study a minimum of five and a maximum of seven subjects. There is a very wide range of subjects on offer; students, therefore, have much flexibility in selecting areas in which they are able to attempt an examination. Students are also allowed to change subjects midway through the course if they are unhappy with their choice. Students can choose from among three languages for their medium of instruction. The secondary examination subjects can be chosen from the following list: any one or two of 15 different languages mathematics, science, social studies, economics, business studies, home science, typewriting (either of two languages), word processing (either of two languages), psychology, and Indian culture and heritage. The senior secondary examination subjects can be chosen from the following list: any one or two of three different languages; mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, political science, economics, commerce, accounts, home science, typewriting (any of three languages), word processing, stenography (any of three languages), secretarial practice, psychology, computer science, sociology, and painting. Registering with the NIOS Students who fulfill the specified minimum age criteria can register for the secondary or higher secondary NIOS courses during July and August in each calendar year; the exact dates are specified at the website. Students can register for the secondary course only if they have successfully completed their education to at least a Standard 8 level in a regular school; however, in its wisdom the NIOS board allows candidates to self-certify their fulfillment of this criterion without requiring it to be proven. Students can register for the higher secondary course only if they have successfully completed their secondary education with a recognized board, including the NIOS secondary board. …

The Role of the European Schools in the 1990s

The European Schools are a bold and imaginative attempt to provide common education, from kindergarten to higher secondary level, for the children from all Member States of the European Community (EC). Their creation became necessary when the nascent Community set up common economic, scientific, legal and political institutions and proper schooling had to be provided for the children of the staff working in these institutions. The first European School was created in Luxembourg in 1953; eight others were opened in the following years in five other countries of the Community. Today they educate over 15,000 pupils. They are inter-governmental schools and are administered by a central Board of Governors on which the delegations of the 12 Member States hold 12 out of 14 seats, the others held by the Commission and the European Patent Office. Educational control is exercised by a Primary and a Secondary Board of Inspectors who are responsible for the harmonisation of curricula and the organisation of the European Baccalaureate, which is a university entrance qualification universally recognised in the European Community and in many other countries. The reason why there are only nine European Schools is simple: it is the general policy of the Board of Governors to set up new schools in response to a demand from one of the institutions of the European Community and not from other international bodies (the exception being the European Patent Office in Munich). Thus, paradoxically, there is no European School in Strasbourg, because the Council of Europe is not an institution of the EC, and the administration of the European Parliament resides almost exclusively in Luxembourg. The schools therefore exist primarily for the children of Community staff; other children can be admitted only subject to the availability of places which, particularly in the Brussels and Luxembourg Schools, is very limited. For many years now, however, the Central Bureau of the European Schools in Brussels has been regularly approached with a view to setting up European Schools in other international centres of the European Community. Thus, to take only France, enquiries have been received from Grenoble, Lyon and Strasbourg. In none of these cases has it been possible to give a positive reply, although in educational terms the creation of a European School would have been the most satisfactory solution to a particular local problem.

A Conversion Scale for Comparing Scores on Three Secondary School Intelligence Tests

In 1926, the Secondary School Examination Board, composed of a number of private college preparatory schools, appointed a committee to report on the advisability of including an intelligence test as a part of the examinations for entrance to the member schools. An additional function of this committee was to recommend a test to be used. It was found that certain schools were using the results of such tests quite extensively, and that others had experimented or were experimenting with them. Naturally different tests had been used by different schools, so it was necessary as one phase of the work to resolve the various scores to some common denominator in order to enable school executives to translate the scores made on one test into approximately equal scores on another test. This paper presents the conversion or absolute scale worked out by means of which scores made on the Terman Group Tests of Mental Abil ity, Otis Group Intelligence Scale, Advanced Examination, and Otis Self-Administering Test could be stated in somewhat comparable terms. It is recognized, of course, that scores on this absolute scale are not exactly comparable. The aggregation of items on the various tests meas ure different functions, so a score or an IQ obtained on the Terman test is not quite the same thing as one obtained on the Otis Advanced Ex amination, though correlations between the two are high.2 The writer knows of no published correlations between the two varieties of the Otis test, but it should be high since the S elf-Administering Test is made up of items selected from the Advanced Group Intelligence Scale. A cor relation of .72 =!z .03 was obtained between the Terman and the Otis Self-Administering Test in the case of 111 boys used in this present study, who took the two examinations during the same month. It is to be distinctly understood that the absolute scales which follow are in tended as a convenient help to administrators who may have pupils enter