Secondary Audience Research Articles

Forward with Dementia: process evaluation of an Australian campaign to improve post-diagnostic support

BackgroundForward with Dementia is a co-designed campaign to improve communication of dementia diagnosis and post-diagnostic support.MethodsWebinars, a website, social and traditional media, and promotions through project partners were used to disseminate campaign messages to health and social care professionals (primary audience) and people with dementia and carers (secondary audience). The campaign ran between October 2021 and June 2022, with 3-months follow-up. The RE-AIM framework was used for process evaluation. Measurements included surveys and interviews, a log of activities (e.g. webinars, social media posts) and engagements (e.g. attendees, reactions to posts), and Google Analytics.ResultsThere were 29,053 interactions with campaign activities. More than three-quarters of professionals (n = 63/81) thought webinars were very or extremely helpful. Professionals and people with dementia and carers reported that the website provided appropriate content, an approachable tone, and was easy to use. Following campaign engagement, professionals planned to (n = 77/80) or had modified (n = 29/44) how they communicated the diagnosis and/or provided post-diagnostic information and referrals. Qualitative data suggested that the campaign may have led to benefits for some people with dementia and carers.ConclusionsForward with Dementia was successful in terms of reach, appropriateness, adoption and maintenance for professionals, however flow-through impacts on people with dementia are not clear. Targeted campaigns can potentially change health professionals’ communication and support around chronic diseases such as dementia.

Ingrained Habits: Growing Up Catholic in Mid-Twentieth-Century America by Mary Ellen O'Donnell (review)

Reviewed by: Ingrained Habits: Growing Up Catholic in Mid-Twentieth-Century America by Mary Ellen O'Donnell William L. Portier Ingrained Habits: Growing Up Catholic in Mid-Twentieth-Century America. By Mary Ellen O'Donnell. (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. 2018. Pp. xviii, 164. $75.00. ISBN 9780813230375). As Mary Ellen O'Donnell explains in the preface, this book began at a memorial Mass for her mother. In the kneeling figures of her mother's generation, O'Donnell caught a glimpse of the passing world in which she learned to be a Catholic. Her three-year-old daughter might grow up to be a Catholic, but she would never know that world. Her daughter's Catholicism would not be embedded in a culture. O'Donnell sensed an emerging "chasm," based on fundamental generational differences "in the way Catholicism has been lived, shared, and internalized" (p. xiv). This book explores the "cultural Catholicism" (not a pejorative term for the author) of northeastern and midwestern descendants of European Catholic immigrants, mostly Irish and Italian, born between 1940 and 1965. Since O'Donnell is part of the cohort she is writing about and often finds her own experience mirrored in the narratives on which she draws, Ingrained Habits sometimes reads as a memoir. Rather than an intrusion, however, this autobiographical dimension adds to the book's overall impact. Ingrained Habits is a work of cultural studies, a literary ethnography—a salvage ethnography perhaps—that draws upon almost fifty authors, e.g., Mary McCarthy, Garry Wills, Alice McDermott, Robert Orsi, Claudia DeMonte, Donna Brazile, Anne Rice, Thomas Ferraro, and Anna Quindlen. Their literary productions, some fictional, some explicitly autobiographical, depict their Catholic culture as an "all encompassing, world determining experience" to which there appears to be no alternative (p. xviii). The author locates this work in a thick social network that includes parish and school, home, and neighborhood and community. After an opening chapter that introduces them historically and sociologically, these three sites structure the book's remaining three chapters. This world's tension arises from its rarely seamless blending of "celebration and community" with "rules and enforcement" (p. 5). O'Donnell's carefully circumscribed study of the "bridge generation" to which she and I belong, by definition, leaves out many voices. The divide this generation crossed, however, led not only from one experience of Catholicism to another, but also from ethnic enclaves to what sociologists of this generation might have called the dominant culture. Here there are alternatives, choices to make, and inevitable ambivalence. I would like to have heard more of the author's reflection on this ambivalence. [End Page 427] Nevertheless, O'Donnell's insightful, elegantly written account of a particular "cultural Catholicism" makes a valuable contribution, capturing the "feel" of European American Catholicism in this period. One of this book's main audiences would be cultural studies scholars in the field of Catholic Studies. A strong secondary audience would be educated Catholics who are members of the generational cohort the author is writing about. Ingrained Habits would also work in undergraduate courses on U.S. Catholicism, Catholic Studies, or American religion, giving a real-life, narrative feel to the kinds of formal sociological and historical works the author cites in Chapter 1. It is especially effective in opening a window on women's experience of what O'Donnell calls "Catholic culture." It is highly recommended. William L. Portier University of Dayton Mount St. Mary's University, Emmitsburg, Maryland William L. Portier University of Dayton Mount St. Mary's University, Emmitsburg, Maryland Copyright © 2023 The Catholic University of America Press

Convergence of Social Marketing and Engineering: A Lead Mitigation Study in Madagascar

Background and Situation Analysis The importance of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) projects for the protection of health is embedded in the sustainable development goals. However, within the development and humanitarian fields sustainability of WASH projects is still a challenge with 30–50% of projects failing within two to five years of implementation. Though failure is not linked to any one source, a common theme speaks to a greater need for community engagement and integration of the wants and needs of the end-user in the design process. Social marketing, with its focus on the consumer and use of commercial marketing strategies to achieve behavior change is a promising approach that can be integrated into ongoing WASH initiatives to meet program outcomes and to achieve long-term sustainability. Priority audience Primary audience includes technicians who manufacture and repair pitcher pumps. Secondary audience includes community members in Toamasina, Madagascar, who will experience a decrease in exposure to lead through their water supply. Behavioral objectives Decrease exposure to lead (Pb) introduced through the use of a decentralized, self-supply water system, the pitcher pump. Specifically, decrease use of leaded components in the manufacturing and repair of pitcher-pumps Strategy/Intervention Development of the intervention followed the social marketing process including conducting a situational analysis, identification and selection of a behavioral focus and priority population, formative research, development of an integrated marketing strategy, pretesting the strategy, followed by campaign implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. An intervention focused on building a sense of community and introducing the element of professionalism for the pump manufacturers was developed, consisting of personalized one-on-one outreach to raise awareness of the health topic, followed by skill building trainings on how to make the switch to non-leaded components. This was coupled with tangible products that created a new professional network, documentation of work, and backing of work by trusted government entities. Evaluation Methods and Results Using the theory of planned behavior, a pre/post-test summative evaluation was developed. Preliminary results indicate that pump technicians no longer use lead in pumps unless specifically requested by the pump owners. These results indicate a positive shift towards the use of lead-free components with project follow-up and analysis ongoing. Recommendations for Social Marketing Practice Use of social marketing within the WASH sector is lacking. This paper demonstrates the integration of social marketing in an ongoing WASH project. Through a description of each step of the process, our experiences in implementing it and the lessons learned, we hope to guide future integration. Additionally, this paper demonstrates the convergence of engineers and social marketers working collaboratively on an interdisciplinary team and how this served to enhance project understanding, aid in building local partnerships and help with long-term sustainability.

Ticking off the (pink) diversity box? Production views on LGBT+ in children’s fiction

This article provides insight on the perceived importance Flemish producers attach to including sexual and gender diversity in their productions targeting children. Drawing on the frameworks of the ‘production ecology’, ‘cultures of production’ and ‘queer production studies’, this article considers the different internal and external influences that might impact why and how producers depict these LGBT+ narratives. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with different involved parties of these production processes, this article first and foremost demonstrates a unanimous, strong advocacy for diversified representations by all the participants. The formative role of television in informing and evoking empathy among children, as well as parents as an implicit secondary audience, are primary objectives when creating these narratives. However, the approach to this didactic premise differs for the public broadcaster compared with the commercial channels and is further nuanced in relation to the perceived cognitive abilities of children as an audience. In particular, sexual diversity is approached differently compared with non-normative gender expressions (e.g. transgender characters), the latter being perceived as (too) complex within a child’s frame of reference. The current production ecology has thus facilitated the recurrence of certain storylines and characters, while others remain underrepresented.

Forms of address and (im)politeness: a corpus-assisted study of Polish professional and non-professional subtitles

The aim of the study is to analyse how the English form of address you is translated into Polish in subtitles. The investigation is embedded in the framework of (im)politeness theory. The data used for the study comprise two types of non-professional renderings: amateur subtitles (fansubbing) and subtitles written by sophomore students of English Philology. The study proves that fansubbers’ subtitles have a tendency to foreignise translation by ignoring the Polish sociocultural norms of terms of address, thus making it sound less polite and marked, while students’ translations show a tendency to make the original dialogue more familiar to the target (secondary) audience, and make it more acceptable and polite.

The Impact of the Tips from Former Smokers® Campaign on Reducing Cigarette Smoking Relapse.

Evidence-based mass-reach health communication campaigns can increase tobacco cessation, use of cessation resources such as quitlines, and change tobacco-related social norms. These interventions have been associated with a lower likelihood of cigarette smoking relapse in studies conducted internationally; however, no studies have assessed this outcome for a national campaign in the United States. This study examined the relationship between Tips from Former Smokers® (Tips®) campaign exposure and the odds of cigarette smoking relapse among adults who formerly smoked. Using data from the 2014 to 2019 Tips longitudinal campaign surveys, we estimated first episode of relapse (versus remaining a former smoker) as a function of Tips gross rating points (GRPs, a measure of media exposure). Higher levels of Tips GRPs were associated with lower odds of relapse (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.78). These results suggest that the Tips campaign may reduce smoking relapse, in addition to the established effect of increasing smoking cessation. Former smokers can be considered a secondary target audience for smoking cessation mass media campaigns, and mass media campaigns could be considered a component of smoking relapse prevention efforts.

EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE POLONIA PAVILION AT THE VENICE BIENNALE OF ART: HALKA/HAITI AND LITTLE REVIEW

Poland has been actively participating for almost a century in one of the largest and most important artistic events in the world, the international exhibition of the Venice Art Biennale. This artistic event is visited by over a half a million people every two years, so it is worth considering its educational impact on the audience. The article presents two projects which were shown in the Polish Pavilion during the 56th and 57th Venice Art Biennale in 2015 and 2017: Halka/Haiti 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W, created by C. T. Jasper and Joanna Malinowska and Sharon Lockhart’s Little Review. The author of the article describes, interprets and analyses the projects from a pedagogical perspective. The idea of art as an important tool for the transformation of man and the world can be found in pedagogy, in the area of knowledge about art, as well as in artistic activities. In the 21st century contemporary art is perceived as an important partner for pedagogy, but today pedagogy also becomes an inspiration for artists who more and more often use typically educational forms of activity in their artistic processes and appreciate the democratic, inclusive and emancipatory nature of educational practices. The aim of the article is to indicate the educational aspects of two art projects, which were presented in the Polish Pavilion in 2015 and 2017, taking into account their educational potential and the possibility of influencing both participants of the implemented activities and the secondary audience. The pedagogical perspective used by the author ranges from the theory of aesthetic education, through critical pedagogy, to the educational turn in contemporary art observed in the 21st century.

ВИБІР ЦІЛЬОВИХ СЕГМЕНТІВ ДЛЯ НАДАННЯ ПОСЛУГ З РОЗВИТКУ ПАМ’ЯТІ, КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЇ УВАГИ І МИСЛЕННЯ ЛЮДИНИ

In the article the target segments for the provision of services for the development of memory, concentration and thinking of a person are analyzed. For the analysis and modeling of the target audience, such segmentation features are taken: age, occupation, education, attitude towards a product (service) (age psychology), and belonging to a generation (generation theory). It has been established that during the transition from the industrial era to the information era or the digital age, the digitalization of all social processes of human life support is extremely necessary. And this is the reality that already exists. Processing information 24/7 in such conditions has a significant impact on a human brain, which does not evolve as fast as the world. And for a person capable of intellectual work, thinking, expressing feelings, there is a need to protect their natural abilities. Investing in development of memory, concentration and thinking will lead to success tomorrow and in the future. It has been proven that in the era of digitalization, humanity should constantly carry out neurotraining of its own capabilities and abilities to develop memory, concentration, etc. To satisfy these services, a new profession of brain trainer has appeared on the labor market, which teaches the brain to work with information, develops memory, concentration and so on. Various target audiences have been analyzed from the point of view of developmental psychology and the theory of generations. We propose to divide the target audiences into primary (those who will receive services) and secondary (those who will pay for the services provided). The assumption that for Generation Z, as the primary target audience, it will be interesting to pass all kinds of exams that they will have to take during this period of their life, the opportunity to prepare for them in a short time is expressed. During analyzing generations X and Y, as a secondary target audience, it was found that this target audience may be interested in the issue of enhancing their own abilities, revealing the potential of the individual, “singling out” among others. To build a business model for the provision of services for the development of memory, concentration and thinking of a person, a target audience format was proposed, which was developed using the “5W method”. The works of Western and Ukrainian scientists, which contain a modern view on the problem of the intellectual potential of students and the psychology of perception and processing of information, the theory of generations and an attempt to interconnect the theory of generations with consulting the staff of the organization are used in the article. We see prospects for further research in the detailed development of programs for the provision of services for the development of memory, concentration and thinking of a person and, on this basis, building business models within the framework of the Ukrainian sociocultural space.

Interaction (Election Campaigning Communication)

Interaction (Election Campaigning Communication)

‘Sticky Blood’: A Partnership Approach to Amplifying an Advertising Campaign on the Effects of Smoking on Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Quit Victoria (a program of Cancer Council Victoria) developed, in partnership with the Heart Foundation and VicHealth, a multichannel advertising campaign to raise awareness of platelet aggregation (‘sticky blood’) caused by smoking. The primary audiences were English-speaking people who smoke (aged 29-54 years) and Chinese-Victorians who smoke. The secondary audience was general practitioners, cardiac specialists, and nurses.

Translanguaging and multimodality in workplace texts and writing

ABSTRACT Professionals working in international companies in Sweden are expected to speak, read, and write in Swedish and English in their daily work. This article discusses professional writing in different languages. Through the use of methods from linguistic ethnography, we aim to enrich the understanding of workplace literacy by studying writing and texts in multilingual business contexts. Our results show that professionals are expected to navigate between a translanguaging mode and a more monolingual mode in everyday communication. Also, when they opt for producing monolingual texts, literacy practices that surround those texts are often multilingual. Moreover, they imagine a future, secondary audience for their texts, often resulting in the choice of English for reaching out, or in the choice of Swedish as a way of keeping matters local. Knowing when to choose a translanguaging mode or a more monolingual mode is a necessary skill or competence in this type of workplace. Our results also show that the use of multimodal resources includes the material placement of texts, and that old materialities such as pen and paper are still essential. Different linguistic and semiotic resources are used, including resources from academic, business and personal discourse.

Alien reality in source text and its reflection in translation

The present paper considers and analyzes one of the most controversial problems of theory and practice of literary translation. This problem is associated with the use and representation in a target text of lexical and phraseological units designating concepts or phenomena that are alien to a particular language and/or culture, within the framework of which the text is composed. Special attention is payed to the issue of the so-called foreignness of a concept for a primary and secondary audience, which stems from the difference in background knowledge of members of each audience in regard to the reality described in a book. The material for the study were fiction works of British writers of the 19th – the first half of the 20th centuries, as well as of Indian authors who either initially wrote in English or translated their own works into English, which was conditioned by the following aspects: 1. The existence of a plethora of colonies, people’s life in which attracted the attention of a significant number of English writers; 2. The diverse nature of the lexical and phraseological layer loaned from other languages; 3. The existence of author's translations into English of those pieces of writing that were initially written in languages of colonized peoples, as well as of original books initially written in English by local authors. 4. A long-term practice of translating such texts into Russian that increases the relevance of the research into means and methods applied for conveying such culture specific concepts. The paper uses methods of philological analysis of an original text and its translation, as well as methods of their comparative study. These methods allow estimating the appropriateness and equivalence of cross-lingual communication.

Agency of Autistic Children in Technology Research—A Critical Literature Review

Autistic children are increasingly a focus of technology research within the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community. We provide a critical review of the purposes of these technologies and how they discursively conceptualise the agency of autistic children. Through our analysis, we establish six categories of these purposes: behaviour analysis, assistive technologies, education, social skills, therapy and well-being. Further, our discussion of these purposes shows how the technologies embody normative expectations of a neurotypical society, which predominantly views autism as a medical deficit in need of ‘correction’. Autistic children—purportedly the beneficiaries of these technologies—thus become a secondary audience to the largely externally defined purposes. We identify a lack of design for technologies that are geared towards the interests, needs and desires of autistic children. To move HCI’s research into autism beyond this, we provide guidance on how to consider agency in use and explicitly allow for appropriation beyond externally driven goals.

A Secondary Audience's Reactions to “The Real Cost” Advertisements: Results From a Study of U.S. Young Adult Smokers and Susceptible Nonsmokers

Exposure to "The Real Cost" campaign has prevented smoking initiation among its target audience (U.S. youth aged 12-17 years). This study examines reactions to "The Real Cost" advertisements among a potential secondary audience: U.S. young adults. An online convenience sample of young adult (ages 18-29 years) smokers (n=225) and susceptible nonsmokers (n=339) participated in a within-subjects experiment in 2017. Participants viewed three TV ads from "The Real Cost" campaign and reported their past exposure to, conversations about, and reactions to the ads. In 2017, analyses examined message-level and person-level predictors of perceived message effectiveness using multilevel modeling. About half of smokers (47%) and susceptible nonsmokers (51%) had seen at least one of the three ads in the past 3 months. About one in four smokers (23%) and susceptible nonsmokers (24%) had at least one conversation about the ads in the past 3 months. Susceptible nonsmokers rated the ads higher on perceived message effectiveness than smokers (p<0.01), but lower on message relevance and negative affective reactions to the ads (both p<0.05). In both samples, ads that elicited higher negative affective reactions and message relevance, and lower message reactance (i.e., resistance) received higher perceived message effectiveness ratings (all p<0.05). "The Real Cost" ads have reached and generated conversations among a convenience sample of young adult smokers and susceptible nonsmokers. Increasing the perceived relevance and emotional reactions of campaigns may increase their impact. Future studies should examine reactions to "The Real Cost" campaign and effects on smoking behavior using nationally representative samples of young adults. This article is part of a supplement entitled Fifth Anniversary Retrospective of "The Real Cost," the Food and Drug Administration's Historic Youth Smoking Prevention Media Campaign, which is sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

'Florida Brilliance' Strawberry

‘Florida Brilliance’ (PPAF) is a new short-day strawberry cultivar released by the University of Florida and commercialized in 2018. This cultivar was originally evaluated as breeding selection FL 13.26-134. It originated from a 2013 cross between breeding selection FL 11.31-14 (female parent) and selection FL 10-153 (male parent). ‘Florida Brilliance’ has been tested over several years at the University of Florida Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC) in Wimauma, FL, at the Florida Strawberry Growers Association (FSGA) headquarters in Dover, FL, and on several commercial farms.&#x0D; The target audience of this publication is strawberry growers in West-Central Florida, with nursery growers as a secondary audience. Its main purpose is to describe important attributes of ‘Florida Brilliance’ and make management recommendations that will help growers obtain optimum performance from this cultivar. Comparisons are made to ‘Florida Radiance’ (Chandler et al. 2009) (marketed as ‘Florida Fortuna’ outside the U.S. and Canada), Sweet Sensation® ‘Florida127’ (Whitaker et al. 2015) (hereafter referred to as ‘Florida127’) and ‘Florida Beauty’ (Whitaker et al. 2017).

Infiltrating the Art World through Photography

The reception of 1970s Czech performance art was influenced by a unique set of conditions. Typically, only a handful of friends attended live events in Prague, while the art piece had to cross the state borders through photographic documentation in order to find a broader secondary audience. The missing institutional footing was therefore partially substituted by reproductions in foreign magazines and photographs distributed for exhibitions abroad. Petr Štembera was one of the few figures to draw attention to Czech art outside of the country. He would send photographic documentation to artists and curators who orchestrated his representation at many foreign exhibitions. As I demonstrate with concrete examples, he helped create a network which gave his activities the status of art. However, when performance art became an established part of the international art scene and institutionalised itself late in the 1970s, he concluded that it was best to quit the practice altogether.

A Service-Learning Chemistry Course as a Model To Improve Undergraduate Scientific Communication Skills

Improving communication between people in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and the public is critical to the future of STEM. Partnerships between institutions of higher education with K–12 schools are identified as one effective strategy to support community engagement. We have employed a service-learning model to develop a chemistry course (Chemistry 010) that engages undergraduate students in developing and teaching chemistry experiments for a secondary school audience. This service-learning course design provided us with the consistency and flexibility to sustain substantive learning experiences for both the undergraduates and secondary students. In addition to describing the model of this course in detail, we evaluate this course’s impact on undergraduate scientific communication skills. Analysis of reflections written by the undergraduates reveals that Chemistry 010 is an effective course structure for them to explore and assess their competencies to teach and communicate scientific concepts. The course’s influence on the secondary students, teacher partners, and university instructors will be the focus of future studies to ensure the mutual benefit of all involved parties.

Strategic maneuvering by personal attacks in spokespersons’ argumentative replies at diplomatic press conferences

Abstract Within the framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this article analyzes personal attacks in the spokespersons’ replies at the press conferences held by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs between 2012 and 2015. The research results show that, to cut down the credibility of their opponents in attempting to dismiss them, spokespersons adopt three subtypes of personal attack: the direct, the indirect, and the You too subtypes. Each of them can be further divided into several variants. Taking account of the institutional preconditions for making argumentative replies at governmental press conferences, this article analyzes how spokespersons maneuver strategically in attacking a secondary audience by means of the various subtypes and variants of personal attack. It then explains how these strategic maneuvers assist the spokespersons in convincing their primary audience.

Research to Advance Undergraduate HRD Education: “Please Sir, I Want Some More”

The Problem There is a dearth of research focusing on undergraduate human resource development (HRD) education. As a result, programs offering undergraduate degrees in HRD or degrees related to HRD may be making program decisions without the benefit of empirical research. Alternatively, programs may be conducting their own action research projects where the results may not be generalizable to other institutions. The Solution The present issue takes one small step forward related to filling the gap in undergraduate HRD education. The empirical articles in this issue are reviewed and synthesized to identify five opportunities for research that can inform education and practice. The Stakeholders The primary audience includes HRD scholars and scholar-practitioners, including master and doctorate students, interested in conducting research relevant to undergraduate HRD education. The secondary audience includes leaders of the field, including board members of the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD), the AHRD Foundation, the University Council for Workforce and Human Resource Education (UCWHRE), program administrators, department chairs, associate deans, and deans.

Cinderella and the Big Monster: Mail Art and the Museum

SummaryTaking the difficulties involved in presenting Mail Art in a museum context as its point of departure, this article explores the conditions that Mail Art imposes on its own display. After a short introduction to the art form as a genre, two theoretical positions vis-à-vis Mail Art are analysed and shown to leave the matter of its communication with a secondary audience undiscussed. In order to arrive at a preliminary idea of the considerations involved, the discourse surrounding the new “relational” art of the 1990s (Nicolas Bourriaud, Claire Bishop, Jacques Rancière) is drawn upon to explore the question of whether a Mail Art display can be seen as an illustration of a specific form of communication, as a suggestion to a secondary audience to communicate differently or as a model of communication. Each step is accompanied by an analysis of one or more works: Ken Friedman’s Omaha Flow Systems (1973), Niels Lomholt and Tom Elling’s Mr. Klein-project (1978–1981), Rod Summers’ VEC Secret Exchange and Operation Wipe Out (1976–1977) and Pierre Huyghe’s and Philippe Parreno’s No Ghost Just a Shell (1999–2002). The latter example, and especially the project’s acquisition by the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven (NL) in 2002), is used to identify the distribution of tasks and functions within the museum as a central issue.