Second Half Of XIX Research Articles

UKRAINIAN EUROCENTRISM: THE FIRST ATTEMPT OF CIVILIZED APPROACH IN JUSTIFICATION OF THE IDEAS OF NATIONHOOD (MID XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES)

The features of the formation of the national socio-political and legal thought as the idea of Eurocentrism of the Ukrainian people belonging to the European civilization are traced. The thesis of the idea of forming of the Ukrainian Eurocentrism during the second half of XIX ‑ early XX century is proved, as a form of civilizational approach to explain the identity of the Ukrainian nation and the European direction of development, as natural in comparison with others. From this perspective, the author believes, the Ukrainian Eurocentrism is inherently Ukrainiancentrism. The French Revolution (1789–1799) is assumed to be the starting point of visual appeal to Ukrainian and European eternal compatibility with pseudo-Europeans projected Ukrainians. This event is considered to be a turning point in the history of Western democracy as the era of transition from the old absolutism and aristocracy, to the age of democracy and participation of the general public in life of the country. The evolution of the idea of Ukrainian Eurocentrism from its pioneers M. Kostomarov and V. Antonovych to fundamental researchers Dragomanov and Hrushevsky is noted. In M. Kostomarov’s opinion, democratism of Ukrainian people was the main «European» Ukrainian virtue, that was the main cause of their dislike of the king or the master, commitment to the idea of equality, and their propensity guided by Christ’s commandments of love and brotherhood. Mr. Antonovich pointed out Ukrainian «European» features such as inner awareness of the values of freedom, justice and truth. According to his theory, Ukrainian people have always strived for the order in which they could best reveal their «secular democracy» – desire for equality, the creation of elected bodies, the freedom of a man. For M. Dragomanov, the creator of the concept of Europeanism of Ukrainian nation, Ukrainian people are definitely – European nation with European history and mainly perspective. He urged Ukrainian people straight to back to the European world, the necessity for understanding of Ukraine in the European context and implementation of national socio-political practice of «Western» values of human rights, which means to introduce constitutionalism. Hrushevsky linked the development of Ukraine with the European perspective, but as a nation state. However, his Ukrainian Eurocentrism – is not blind copying even the best of European experience, but search for their own path of Ukrainian prerogatives for the future. However, from the viewpoint of the author, the essence of Ukrainian Eurocentrism should be the words of another large Ukrainian imprinted on his monument in Lviv: «... We must stand on our feet on the land, having a head in Europe, and enfolding widely the matters of great concern of the Ukrainian nation by hands».

Стан процесу підготовки науково-педагогічних кадрів в університетах України (друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ століття)

У статті здійснено історико-педагогічний аналіз актуальних проблем підготовки науково-педагогічних кадрів в університетах України другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. Указано, що аналіз механізмів комплектування професорсько-викладацького складу в Університеті Св. Володимира, Новоросійському та Харківському університетах не міг відбуватися без оцінки ролі приват-доцентури як надзвичайно важливого чинника в підвищенні якості науково-педагогічного процесу. Зазначено, що приват-доцентство, як і система доцентури, розглядалися як резерв для комплектування майбутнього професорсько-викладацького складу. Зосереджено увагу на тому, що приват-доценти, які діяли в університетах України в означений період, надавали неабиякий інформаційно-науковий імпульс навчальному процесу. Вони стали авторами та ініціаторами нових курсів і спецкурсів, тим самим унеможлививши застійні явища тривалого характеру в консервативному значною мірою професорському середовищі.

Aesthetic Principles of Training Future Teachers in Podillia Women's Religious School (the Second Half of XIX – Beginning of XX Century)

An important issue of the school remained a training of the teacher staff in Podillia in the second half of XIX – beg. of XX century. A significant part in the formation of an elementary school teacher played women religious school: The article deals with Podolsk religious women's college and spiritual Tulchynsk women's college where much attention was paid to the study of the subjects of aesthetic direction. In the research the author defined the features of content of educational programs of the aesthetic subjects such as church singing, music, crafts, drawing. The meaning and the importance of literary readings, literary vocal and musical events, which have been putting into the educational process of female religious schools were determined in the context of future teachers' personality. Educational activities of N. Leontovich in Tulchyn eparchial women's college were considered. It was also proved that N. Leontovich in his work with pupils followed the progressive teaching methods and principles using the achievements in traditional musical pedagogy both Western European and Ukrainian authors who are still relevant today. It was proved that the first teaching of the subjects in the female religious schools of Podillia in the second half of XIX – beg. of XX century had a positive influence on the formation of personality, taste, elegance – qualities that are necessary for future teaching pupils of schools. It was proved that the aesthetic elements in the educational system in the female religious schools of Podillia in the second half of XIX – beg. of XX century were focused on making future teachers have their own arsenal of means of the self-realization with the help of which they will convey to the students their beliefs.

The role of the special classes of Lazarev Institute in the development of “practical Oriental studies” in Russia in second half of 19th – beginning of 20th centuries

The article describes a complex path of development of domestic «practical Oriental studies» in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries by the example of special classes Lazarev Institute. Passing during this time through several major transformations of special classes became a leading Russian educational institutions specializing in the preparation of the «Orientalists practitioners», future diplomats and officials, called to serve in the Middle East, and Eastern and southern outskirts of the Russian Empire. Hallmark special classes was the use in the educational process achievements as «academic» and «practical Oriental studies».

К вопросу о захватном землепользовании в европейской части Российской империи во второй половине XIX - начале XX в.

К вопросу о захватном землепользовании в европейской части Российской империи во второй половине XIX - начале XX в.

Historical cut of natural geographical research formation in Kharkiv society of naturalists in the second half of XIX – early XX century

Problem Statement and Purpose. The aim of the article is, in the historical screening cut of scientific and social activities in the field of natural geography in the society of scientists in the first university on the territory of Ukraine (the second half of XIX – early XX century).Data & Methods. Research data were collected from libraries of I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National university and P.Tychyna UGPU, and these were the main sources of information. Scientific works (monographs, encyclopedias, articles and electronic resources at various levels) by the famous Russian scientists, scientists from the former Soviet Union and Ukraine (1906–2014) were alo widely used. In writing this research, we used methods of retrospective studies, historical, geographical and scientific methods of analysis to summarize the processed materials.Results. A retrospective analysis of a large number of materials, has led us to the main results of our research.It was found out that the formation of natural geography of Ukraine was attended by experts from different fields of knowledge.As a result, the research has confirmed that:1. Naturalists of Kharkiv Society have played a leading role in the formation and development of the natural geographical area of expertise in Slobozhanschyna at Kharkiv University, where geography as an academic discipline was introduced in 1889 thanks to the activity of members of the public association.2. Science in the process of its development is based on its respective fields. At their intersection there are new research areas and «young» science, like bio-geographical areas of natural geography and ecology, which are now being intensively developed and enrich researchers with new knowledge about the nature of the Earth.

Сущность раскола (старообрядчества) в трудах и очерках священнослужителей и светских деятелей второй половины XIX — XX веков

This article is devoted to the study and analysis of one of the most significant movements in the religious and social life of the population of the Russian Empire in the second quarter of the XVII century - old belief taking into account opinions and views of the clergy and secular figures of the second half of the XIX - XX centuries, presented in their works. The aim of the work is based on the analysis of sources and literature containing information about the wing of the old believers in the specified chronological framework in the country’s history, to present the most objective form that represented the split in the second half of XIX - early XX centuries, and to identify a number of characteristic features that distinguish the believers from the whips, the skoptsy, Molokans and other sects. For the writing of this article the author used the following methods: typological (analysis of estimates of the old believers in the writings of the clergy and the secular leaders of that era and the modern period), analytical (the desire to identify a number of factors, of differences, which allow you to make a more clear distinction between the old believers and sectarians), structural (an attempt to identify specific features of the activities performed by the canons and rites, common to all old believers pushing, allowing to present them as a single current of religious thought in the country). The result is identification as a characteristic that separates the believers from heretical teachings, and a number of factors, which conservatives referred to the sects in the modern period of time. The results of this work give a totally new direction in the study of a specified religious movements in Russia’s history when the need for a more detailed account and analysis of negative and positive evaluations of the researchers.

Проблемы классификации и типологии сект (по материалам Тобольской губернии второй половины XIX — начала XX вв.)

The article is devoted to the typology of religious sectarianism, which spread in the territory of the Tobolsk governorate in the second half of XIX - early XX century. Material is the complex of management and statistical sources, that are stored by the State archive in Tobolsk. It is demonstrated that the documents show a steady growth the followers of the sects of Skoptsy , Khlysty , Doukhobory , Shtundists, nemolyaki , subbotniki , Baptists, Adventists, Molokans, Mennonites in the governorate during the considered chronological period. The authors point to the lack of a common terminology in the sources, to many self-designations in the followers of sects, note the difficulty of accounting the sectarians for the local Church and the administrative-police apparatus of control. The need to study these aspects at the present stage is emphasized. The definitions of sectarianism are given. Its distinctive features and characteristics are presented. The comparative-critical analysis (in terms of chosen territorial and chronological boundaries) of classifications of sectarianism available in science, contained in the works of Russian pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern researchers, is made. For further study of the history of sectarianism, the authors took as a basis the idea of dividing the sects in the rationalistic and the mystical. The appeal to the historical periodization of the development of sectarianism allowed to justify the religious nature of the sects operating in the territory of the Tobolsk governorate.

Крупный агробизнес Уфимской губернии (вторая половина XIX — начало ХХ века)

Крупный агробизнес Уфимской губернии (вторая половина XIX — начало ХХ века)

Переселение и захват: практики захватного землепользования на российском Дальнем Востоке во второй половине XIX – начале XX вв.

Переселение и захват: практики захватного землепользования на российском Дальнем Востоке во второй половине XIX – начале XX вв.

Southern Ukraine in the fate of the Greek historians of the second half of XIX - early XX century.

Southern Ukraine in the fate of the Greek historians of the second half of XIX - early XX century.

Political-philosophical Analysis of Power in Russian Political Thought of the Second Half of XIX - First Third of XX Centuries

The paper does research of political-philosophical analysis of the problem of power in Russian public thought of the second half XIX - the first third XX centuries. The analysis of the problem of power in this period was realized in channel of three directions: conservatism, liberalism and radicalism. Conservatism considers monarchy as the most acceptable form of power for Russia, liberalism - parliamentary republic, radicalism - peoples’ dictatorship. The relation to democracy of the first and third direction was negative, but the second direction had positive relation to democracy.

PROBLEM OF REGULATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS IN CITY ADMINISTRATION STRUCTURE (SECOND HALF OF XIX - BEGINNING OF XX CENTURIES)

In the article the reforms of city administration in the fi eld of regulation of architecture and construction process in the second half of XIX - early XX centuries are discussed. In general course of reforms are determinative legislative materials, which became the base for the formation of new principles of territorial, sectorial and local control. During this period, the city becomes the focus of social problems, housing, transport, etc., requiring immediate measure solutions. For rapid response of the situation in the cities Central government transfers their powers at the local level.

Национальные обычаи и нравы как предмет туристских репрезентаций в российских регионах второй половины XIX – начала ХХ веков

With the development of mass tourism in Russian province the process of compiling a list of regional attractions was started. From the beginning, this list comprised not only historical and cultural monuments, natural sites and museums, but also everyday life, mentality, customs and traditions of the nations and ethnic groups that lived in the region. The methods that were used to describe them in provincial guides of the second half of XIX – early XX centuries also had historical and cultural features.
 Taking as an example three Russian regions, Volga region, Crimea and Siberia, this article analyzes the ways, methods, forms and contradictions of transforming national specificity into tourist attractions. Particular attention is di- rected to the ratio of information and advertising, objective and subjective, tolerance and bigotry in these descriptions. A regional guide is regarded as the most important historical source able not only to transmit the empirical information about a specific area, but also act as a form of representation of ideas, norms, and stereotypes prevailing in the regional society.

Dynamics of socio-demographic processes in the Tobolsk province in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries

Dynamics of socio-demographic processes in the Tobolsk province in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries

Реальное образование в контексте исторического развития России во второй половине XIX - начале XX века

Реальное образование в контексте исторического развития России во второй половине XIX - начале XX века

"Положение ее довольно сносно...": Взгляды отечественных исследователей второй половины XIX - начала ХХ в. на положение женщины в традиционном обществе (на примере башкир)

"Положение ее довольно сносно...": Взгляды отечественных исследователей второй половины XIX - начала ХХ в. на положение женщины в традиционном обществе (на примере башкир)

Constitutional issues of russian federalism

This article addresses a problem of the form of government of Russia as a constitutional state. Even in the Russian political and legal thought in the second half of XIX - early XX century, the main debate was between supporters of federalization and the so-called autonomy of certain territories of Russia. The first thought that the Federation allows us to give a legal response to the challenges of nationalism and proletarian internationalism in the Bolshevik version. The latter believed that in the Russian Empire at that time there were no territory of equal size that could exist independently, and therefore to act as full-fledged subjects of the federation. Modern Russia, according to the 1993 Constitution, is a federal state. The concretization of the principles of Russian federalism performed in Chapter 3 of the Constitution in Art. 71, which sets out the objects of the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation; Art. 72, which lists the subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation, as well as in art. 73, which establishes that outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the RF power to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the RF subjects of the Russian Federation shall possess full state power. However, the economic, social and political differentiation of regions that differ significantly from each other on the living conditions of citizens and labor rise to doubts aboutthe fairness of the existing system. Endowment of most subjects of the federation, and, consequently, their dependence on subsidies of the federal government, leaving no place for the realization of the interests of territorial public collectives living in the Federation. The current system of federal relations in modern Russia is more consistent with the concept of Russian jurists of the early twentieth century of autonomy than with federalism. And accordingly, it generates the same antinomy in the theory and the negative effects in practice. To overcome them must apply to the basic principles of constitutionalism as a form of legal: freedom and justice based on the recognition of equal human dignity. Federalism in a constitutional state is based on the totality of territorial public collectives having legal capacity. Therefore, no joint terms of jurisdiction of the center and subjects of federation in the federal constitutional state under Art. 72 of our Constitution cannot exist, since thereby seriously limit legal capacity of members of the federation.

Basic forms of the stewardship councils’ activity in secondary schools (second half of the 19TH - early 20TH century)

Material and domestic status of parents and their children obviously influences the pupils of the primary school and their studies. The understanding of historical experience of the help to the needy pupils can be not only interesting but also practically useful for today. This kind of knowledge can result in the creation of the new forms of social, material and spiritual help in our difficult time. There were considered and analyzed the main forms of activity of the stewardship councils in the secondary educational institutions. At the analysis of the historical-pedagogical literature we revealed the main forms of activity of the stewardship councils of the secondary educational institutions of the second half of XIX – early XX century directed on the social protection of the pupils of the secondary educational institutions: creation of pensions; giving the state grants; exemption from payment for the study of the poor pupils; giving the one-off money help to the poor pupils from the special means of the secondary educational institutions; creation of the stewardship councils as the communities for the help to the poor pupils. In general, the materials of the given research can be used in the work of the modern stewardship councils and institutions of social protection

Рецензия : Литягина А.В. Светское просвещение и повседневная жизнь горожан Западной Сибири во второй половине XIX - начале XX в. Бийск : Алтайская государственная академия образования им. В.М. Шукшина, 2014. 180 с.

Рецензия : Литягина А.В. Светское просвещение и повседневная жизнь горожан Западной Сибири во второй половине XIX - начале XX в. Бийск : Алтайская государственная академия образования им. В.М. Шукшина, 2014. 180 с.