Seaweed Liquid Research Articles

Effect of Kappaphyscus alvarezii seaweed liquid extract on growth, yield and chemical constituents of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens l’ Herit. ex Aiton)

The application of seaweed-based fertilizers is an important renewable resource and gaining considerable attention in the present scenario of agriculture and horticulture as organic nutrient input and growth promoters. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of seaweed liquid extract on growth, yield, and chemical constituents of the important aromatic plant geranium. The experiments were conducted in the CSIR-CIMAP, Research Center, Bengaluru (Karnataka, India) during the Rabi season of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. The results of pooled data over two years revealed that application of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed liquid extract (KSWE) along with RDF at a concentration of 15% significantly improved the plant height (71.37 ± 0.69 cm), plant canopy (68.24 ± 1.60 cm), herb yield (42.71 ± 2.45 t ha−1year−1) and oil recovery (0.36 ± 0.02%) as compared over RDF. An account of 23.14% and 23.87% increase in herbage and essential oil yield was recorded over RDF. The functional relationship between herb and oil yield of geranium with different concentrations of seaweed extract applied at different crop stages was strongly correlated (r 2=0.97 and r 2=0.91, respectively). The chemical profile of essential oil reveals that higher amounts of linalool (7.5%) isomenthone (6.65%), geranial (1.29%), geranyl formate (3.81%), and the highest citronellol to geraniol (C:G ratio) ratio of 2.14 was noticed in the treatment which receives 15% KSWE along with RDF. The study clearly exhibits the notable benefits in the performance of geranium with the application of 15% of aqueous seaweed extract from Kappaphyscus alvarezii both in quantitative and qualitative terms.

Effects of Seaweed Applications on Phenological Development Stages and Total Effective Temperature in Yuvarlak Çekirdeksiz Grape Variety Grown in Siirt Conditions

This study was carried out on the Yuvarlak Çekirdeksiz grape variety grown in the Siirt University application vineyard. Three different times and four different doses [control (0 ppm), 1st application (1000 ppm before flowering), 2nd application (1000 ppm before flowering + 1000 ppm after flowering), 3rd application (1000 ppm before flowering + after flowering) 1000 ppm + veraison 1000 ppm)] applied liquid seaweed on phenological stages and its effects on Total Effective temperature (TET) were compared. When the phenological periods were compared with the control; It was determined that the first application took the full flowering phase three days earlier and the veraison phase six days earlier. The Total Effective Temperature value between full bloom and veraison was determined to be between 659.78-819.98 gd, and it was determined that the first application shortened the vegetation period compared to the control, while the other two applications extended the vegetation period.

A Study of Effects of Different Organic Origin Liquid Seaweed Doses on Germination Radicle and Plumule Growth in Winter Cereal Species

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of liquid seaweed on seed germination and radicle and plumule growth in some winter cereal species (Triticale (T), Barley (B) and Wheat (W)) were investigated. In the study, 6 different doses (Control (D0), 1000 ppm L-1 (D1), 2000 ppm L-1 (D2), 4000 ppm L-1 (D3), 8000 ppm L-1 (D4) and 16000 ppm L-1 (D5)) of seaweed were used. Germination index (number day-1), radicle and plumule fresh weight (g), radicle and plumule dry weight (g) and germinated seed number (number) were measured during the 14-day development period of cereal species at all seaweed doses. According to the study findings, apart from "number of germinated seeds in cereal species" and "germination index in species x dose interaction"; significant differences were found between the average values of all the properties examined in the grain types, fertilizer doses and species x dose interactions. Wheat among cereals had the highest values with regard to radicle dry weight and radicle fresh weight. D2 dose from the doses of seaweed fertilizer form has the highest values in germinated seed number, radicle dry weight, plumule dry weight, and radicle fresh weight, while D5 dose was the lowest. In terms of species x dose interaction, radicle fresh weight was found to be high in T x D1 interaction. Germinated seed number and plumule fresh weight were found to be high in H x D0 interaction. Germinated seed number and radicle dry weight were found to be high in W x D2 interaction. As a result, in the germination study with liquid seaweed, D2 dose for wheat, D1 and D2 doses for triticale, D0, D1 and D2 doses for barley were found as encouraging.

Design of Seaweed Liquid Waste Processing Installation in the Alkali Treatment Process as Recycled Water Based on Physics and Chemistry

Produksi rumput laut dunia tahun 2020 yang dipublikasikan oleh Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (FAO), Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua sebagai produsen rumput laut terbesar dengan produksi sebesar 11,8 juta ton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk menganalisis karakteristik limbah cair rumput laut di PT. Bantimurung Indah. 2) Untuk merancang proses pengolahan limbah cair rumput laut di PT. Bantimurung Indah berbasis fisika-kimia sebagai air daur ulang Metode berupa analisis dan eksprimen. Metode ini digunakan untuk menganalisis karakteristik limbah cair dan menentukan desain proses pengolahan limbah cair rumput laut di PT. Bantimurung Indah. Hasil penelitian 1) Karakteristik limbah cair rumput laut yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi standar baku mutu dalam Kep.08/Men.LH/2009 tentang Limbah Industri. 2) Proses pengolahan limbah cair berbasis fisika kimia dengan penetralan, filterisasi dan aerasi dapat digunakan sebagai air daur ulang dalam proses alkali treatment

The Revolutionary Applications of Seaweed Liquid Extract (TAM®): A Multi-Purpose Solution for Antimicrobial Activity and Phytoremediation

The Revolutionary Applications of Seaweed Liquid Extract (TAM®): A Multi-Purpose Solution for Antimicrobial Activity and Phytoremediation

Efficacy of Seaweed Liquid Extract from Ulva spp. in Improving Growth and Chlorophyll-a Content of Eucheuma denticulatum in Tissue Culture

Efficacy of Seaweed Liquid Extract from Ulva spp. in Improving Growth and Chlorophyll-a Content of Eucheuma denticulatum in Tissue Culture

The Effect of Liquid Seaweed of Organic Origin on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Some Winter Cereal Species

In this study, the effects of liquid seaweed on seed germination and seedling growth in some winter cereal species (triticale, barley, and wheat) were investigated. In the study, 6 different doses (D0: tap water D1:1000 ppm L-1, D2:2000 ppm L-1, D3:4000 ppm L-1, D4:8000 ppm L-1, D5:16000 ppm L-1) of seaweed were used. The experiment was conducted according to the split-plot trial design in random plots with 3 replications. Germination rate (%), radicle plumule and seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weight (g), and seedling vigor index were measured during the 14-day development period of cereal species at all seaweed doses. According to the study findings, except for germination rate in the cereal species; significant differences were found between the mean values of all the properties examined in the cereal types, fertilizer doses, and species x dose interactions. Wheat among cereals had the highest values regarding radicula length, seedling vigor index, seedling dry weight, plumule length, and seedling length. D2 dose from the doses of seaweed fertilizer form; germination rate, seedling vigor index, seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, plumule length, and seedling length were found to have the highest values, while D5 dose was the lowest. In terms of species x dose interaction, Germination rate, radicle length, seedling vigor index, and seedling length were found to be high in TxD1 interaction. Germination rate was found to be high in HxD0 interaction. Germination rate, radicle length, seedling vigor index, and seedling dry weight were found to be high in WxD2 interaction. As a result, in the germination study with liquid seaweed, D2 doses for wheat, D1 and D2 doses for triticale, D0, D1, and D2 doses for barley were found as encouraging.

A commercial seaweed extract increases growth performance, immune responses, and related gene expressions in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Seaweed liquid extracts are an attractive source of phytochemicals with high potential applicability in the aquafeed-additive industry. A commercial seaweed liquid extract (True Algae Max, TAM®), which has a marine seaweed odor, also dislplays significant levels of polysaccharides, phytochemicals, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds showing antioxidant activities and DPPH inhibition. This study investigates the impact of diets supplemented with TAM® as a functional additive on the growth, nutrient utilization, immune responses, and immune-related gene expressions of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A total of 750 postlarvae (PL, with an average initial weight of 0.053±0.001 g) were divided into five experimental groups, comprising three replicates per dietary treatment. For an eight-week experimental period, all groups were fed identical diets except for the variation in TAM® inclusion levels. The basal diet (control diet) had no inclusion level of TAM® (TAM0%). Groups 2–5 each contain TAM® inclusion at levels of 1% (10 mL gk−1 diet TAM1%), 2% (20 mL gk−1 diet TAM2%), 3% (30 mL gk−1 diet TAM3%), and 4% (40 mL gk−1 diet TAM4%), respectively. The results concluded that TAM® has great potential as a feed additive for whiteleg shrimp, compared to the control group. The group TAM2% significantly achieved final weight (4.337 g), weight gain (4.287 g) specific growth rate (3.423% / day), feed conversion ratio (1.970), feed efficiency ratio (0.507), and protein efficiency ratio (1.407), compared to the control group (3.900 g, 3.850 g, 3.347%/day, 2.183, 0.458, and 1.270, respectively). Whole-body composition of protein and lipid contents were significantly improved by all TAM group including TAM2% (51.18% and 4.49%, respectively), compared to the control group (49.38% and 4.15%, respectively). As well as, shrimp in group TAM2% achieved the highest values of lysozyme (3.92 µg mL−1), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 11.92 IU mL−1), catalase (CAT, 13.04 IU g−1), lipase (31.24 IU L−1), and amylase (31.24 IU L−1), compared to the control group (3.19 µg mL−1, 8.80 IU mL−1, 10.84 IU g−1, 17.35 IU L−1, 21.65 IU L−1, respectively). For gene expressions experiment, four immune-related were performed in this study; Peroxiredoxin (Prx), Prophenoloxidase (PPO1), P53-like protein isoform delta (p53), and Hemocyanin subunit L5 (L5H). The results showed that shrimp in group TAM2% achieved the highest significant P53 gene transcription compared to the control group or the other TAM groups. Compared to other groups, the TAM1% group considerably increased PPO1 gene transcription, while TAM3% displayed the greatest Prx gene transcription. On the other hand, compared to control group, all TAM groups significantly improved L5H gene transcription. In conclusion, the current study revealed that TAM® diet supplementation (20 mL of TAM® per kg diet) represents a promising, eco-friendly, and sustainable feed additive in the shrimp aquadiet industry.

Effect of tillage practices and liquid seaweed as foliar spray on growth and yield of Sweet corn (Zea mays, saccharata, L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif -2021 and 2022, at Agronomy farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema on sandy clay loam soil to evaluate the response of different tillage practices and liquid seaweed on sweet corn (Zea mays, saccharata, L.). The result of the study revealed that among different tillage methods conventional tillage recorded significantly higher growth characteristics viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation, green cob yield, green fodder yield and protein yield. Foliar applications of liquid seaweed significantly enhanced the growth, yield attributes, yield and quality parameters. The highest growth and yield was recorded with applications of 10% Sargassum-sap followed by 10% Kappaphycus-sap over control. The highest green cob yield (18.49 t ha-1), green fodder yield (25.54 t ha-1) and protein content (11.10%) was also observed under conventional tillage among different tillage methods. Among seaweeds, application of 10% Sargassum-sap recorded maximum green cob yield (19.37 t ha-1) and green fodder yield (27.50 t ha-1) while highest protein content (11.35%) was noted with application of 15% Sargassum-sap among two species and three concentrations of liquid seaweed used.

Investigation of The Alleviating Effect of Liquid Seaweed Fertilizer on Lavandula officinalis under Salt Stress.

Sustainable practices in plant production involve various environmental methods that improve the urban ecosystem by preserving both natural resources and biological diversity. Organic material application against salt stress is one of the most important sustainable practices. The purpose of this study was to explore how various traits of Lavandula officinalis under salt stress were affected by seaweed liquid. To this end, the experiment was performed as a completely randomized experimental design with two factors including four replications under greenhouse conditions. In the experiments, salt concentrations were prepared as control (distilled water), 40mM and 80mM NaCl, and seaweed liquid levels were applied as control (0%) - 0.5%-1%-2% and 4%. L. officinalis was considerably negatively affected by salt stress in terms of its quality, growth, photosynthetic and biochemical traits. According to the results of this empirical research, seaweed liquid application was the alleviating factor in negative effects in all traits resulting from the increase in NaCl concentrations. Seaweed liquid also revealed the highest values of all traits in the absence of salt stress. Photosynthetic and biochemical traits without proline, Relative water content, and chlorophyll a/b declined more than other quality and growth traits with a rise in salt content from 0 to 40mM. Further research will be needed to test the beneficial effects of seaweed liquid on traits of L. officinalis seedlings in outdoor landscaping that includes salty spaces.

Effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer on Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum

Millets are small-seeded grasses belonging to the family Poaceae that help in human and animal nourishment. They are mostly grown by using chemical fertilizers which are depleting soil fertility. Organic fertilizers are eco-friendly and help to enhance the growth and development of plants thereby maintaining soil health. Seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) are organic fertilizers that can be used to control the side effects caused by harmful chemical fertilizers. The present study was carried out to check the effects of seaweed liquid fertilizer on the growth and development of millets. Different concentrations of seaweed liquid fertilizer (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) were prepared from Sargassum cinerum, Ulva intestinalis, and Padina tetrastromatica, which were tested on Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum. Growth parameters like root length, shoot height, flowering-fruiting, and biochemical analysis like proteins were analyzed by using seaweed liquid fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Plants treated with 0.50% concentration of seaweed liquid fertilizer showed higher protein content. Total chlorophyll was found to be higher in treated plants than in control plants. Flowering and fruiting were observed earlier in seaweed liquid fertilizer treated plants. This concludes that seaweed extracts can be used as a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers, which plays a significant role in the holistic growth enhancement of plants.

Role of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) in Controlling Fungal Growth Associated with Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Seeds

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds are easily attacked by a variety of fungi resulting in seed loss. This study was to determine the effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) obtained from Sargassum tenerrimum on the growth of fungi on okra seeds. Agar Plate, Blotter paper, and Deep Freezing methods were used to study the fungi related to okra seeds. The effects of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% concentrations of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) on fungal growth were studied. Results showed that the majority of the seeds appeared to be physically healthy. SLF reduced the attack of fungi on seeds, although certain unidentified bacterial growth was still present on seeds after treatment. The study concludes that SLFs can be used for the protection of okra seeds against fungi, although their specific ratios are yet to be determined.

Effects of Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus seaweed liquid extract on plant growth, photosynthetic performance and water status of two hydroponically grown Lamiaceae species: Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens Benth.)

Seaweed extracts are considered as marine biostimulants and have been successfully used in agriculture to improve the growth and tolerance to different environmental stress conditions of many crops. Therefore, the present study was carried out for the first time and aimed to determine the effects of a seaweed liquid extract on growth and photosynthetic performance as well as the water status of hydroponically-grown peppermint and purple basil plants. For this purpose, the experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and plants were cultivated in hydroponic systems according to the nutrient film technique. A seaweed liquid extract at 10% was prepared from the green marine macroalgae Ulva intestinalis and then added to the nutrient solution of the hydroponic system. Based on our experimental data, the main results have proven that Ulva intestinalis seaweed liquid extract could be successfully used as a biostimulant in the hydroponic cultivation of peppermint for its enhancing effect on some plant growth and photosynthetic as well as water status parameters. However, it is not recommended to add the seaweed liquid extract of Ulva intestinalis to the hydroponic culture of purple basil since most of the parameters analyzed were shown to be negatively affected by the seaweed liquid extract treatment. Furthermore, the results of this study could be practical for enhancing the production of medicinal and aromatic plants by adding the Ulva intestinalis seaweed liquid extract to the nutrient solution of the hydroponic system.

Combinations of waste seaweed liquid fertilizer and biochar on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling growth in an acid-affected soil of Jiaodong Peninsula, China

Biochar application is an effective strategy for improving soil degradation and productivity. However, the effects of the combination of biochar and other fertilizers to improve seedling growth in abiotic stress-affected soils remains unknown. We investigate the effect of biochar derived from reed straw (RBC) and waste seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling growth in an acid-affected soil of Jiaodong Peninsula, China. The results revealed RBC, SLF, and the combination of RBC with SLF (RBC+SLF) significantly elevated the dry weight of tomatoes by 23.33 %, 29.93 %, and 63.66 %, respectively. The malondialdehyde content in the tomato seedling roots, stems, and leaves was significantly lower in the RBC+SLF treatment, which might be related to the enhanced contents of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein. The synthesis and accumulation of zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellic acid 3 in tomato under RBC+SLF amendment may be attributed to the enhanced plant growth. Moreover, RBC, SLF, and RBC+SLF improved the soil status (including ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, laccase, and urease) in the acid-affected soil. Biochar and waste seaweed liquid fertilizer significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Azospira (beneficial bacteria) in tomato rhizosphere. The microbial amino acid metabolism was associated with changes in soil properties and enzyme activities. Consequently, biochar and waste seaweed liquid fertilizer are viable soil conditioners for acid-affected soil.

The Effect of Fermentation Duration on Nutrition Composition of Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Liquid Organic Fertilizer

This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation duration on the nutrient composition of seaweed liquid organic fertilizer (Sargassum sp). This research was conducted from May to June 2017 at The University of Muhammadiyah Parepare. Test materials used in the form of seaweed and lactobacillus. The container used in the implementation of this research is 6 bottles of 1000 ml size, before the bottles are used first the bottles are washed clean. Then each bottle is filled with extracts of Sargassum sp. as much as 800 ml and 40 ml of probiotics. Two bottles of treatment A (without fermentation), 2 bottles for treatment B (7 days fermentation), 2 bottles for treatment C (14 days fermentation). The design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 types of each treatment. The results showed that micro nutrients that the iron (Fe) were obtained highest in treatment C (concentration 162 ppm), Silica (Si) in treatment A (100 ppm), manganese (Mn) in treatment B (29 ppm). For the highest macro nutrients potassium (K) obtained in treatment C (concentration 0.52%), Calcium (Ca) in treatment B (0.33%), Sulfur (S) in treatment C (0.31%) , Chlorine (Cl) in treatment C (concentration 0.27%). The research concludes that the length of time of fermentation affects the nutrient content of liquid organic fertilizer seaweed.

Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut Kendal sebagai POC untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

There have not been many studies using inedible seaweed as a liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), although it contains nutritional components that have benefits for growth and production of plants. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer application made from inedible seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) on the productivity of spinach plant (Amaranthus tricolor L.). This study analysis used Randomized Block Design (RBD) having 4 treatments (control, LOF 150 mL/L water, LOF 250 mL/L water, and LOF 150 mL/L water) and replicated 4 times, resulting 16 experimental plots. The result showed that the treatment by providing 250 mL/L inedible seaweed liquid organic fertilizer effectively gave the highest yield of spinach than all treatments with height 40.5 cm, leaves number of 32, wet weight of 15.08 g, and the productivity of green spinach plants reaching 4.31 tons/ha. By this study, conclution is the application of inedible seaweed liquid fertilizer 250 mL/L water giving significant effect for spinach growth and production.

Growth enhancement of agricultural crops using seaweed liquid fertilizer

Extensive use of chemical fertilizer is leading to infertility of soil and various hazardous effect on the ecosystem. Using biofertilizer reduces these harmful effects. Many are commercially available, being a poor match to chemical fertilizer they are not used on a large scale. Near coastal regions seaweeds are used as biofertilizers. Recent studies show seaweeds have multiple growth regulators, macro and micronutrients, polysaccharides which are necessary for plant growth. The study is carried out to check the bioactivity of Seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) as a growth stimulant. Sargassum cinereum, Ulva rigida and Ahnfeltia plicata found on the Indian coastline were used. SLFs were prepared from each of three species in varying concentration (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1% v/v) with water and Urea as control. The test plant selected was Vigna radiata. Agronomic characters like germination rate, shoot length, flowering and fruiting period of test plants were studied. Phyto-hormones from SLF were detected by thin-layer chromatography. Elemental analysis of micronutrients in SLF was carried by ICP-AES. Along with Chlorophyll and Protein estimation of grown plants were checked. SLF shelf life was studied using chemical and biological preservatives. The effect of 0.06% concentration of all SLFs showed enhancement in growth and phytochemicals in plants. Plants treated with SLF showed flowering earlier than control plants. Thus, using SLF bio-fertilizer can become an alternative method to reduce the use of harmful chemical fertilizers.

Use of Seaweed Liquid Extract and Cow Urine for Lettuce Growth in Hydroponic System

Lettuce cultivated by millennial farmers using a hydroponic system in urban areas. Seaweed extracts and cow urine contain nutrients and plant growth regulators. This study aims to determine the effect of a formulation containing inorganic nutrient solution, seaweed liquid extract, and mixed cow urine on lettuce growth, as well as the volume of commercial nutrient mixture that can be substituted by these additives in a hydroponic system. The treatment used contains a combination of inorganic fertilizer solution (CF), seaweed liquid extract (SLE), and cow urine (CU). Every repeated three times in a randomized block design. Results, the nutrient mixture had a significant effect on the height, leaves number as well as wet and dry weight of the plants. Lettuce planted on 50% CF+ 25% SLE+ 25% CU was the tallest when observed on days 7, 14, and 42 after planting. The highest fresh and dry weight was also obtained from this nutrient formulation. On day 35, the highest leaves number was recorded from plants on the 100% CF+ 0% SLE+0% CU medium. Concluded, a mixture of seaweed liquid extract and cow urine has the potential to reduce the inorganic fertilizers use as a nutrient solution in a hydroponic system.

Effect of seaweed-based liquid extracts on biomass production and lipid accumulation in Nannochloropsis oculata and Dunaliella salina

Seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLFs) contain macronutrients, micronutrients and trace nutrients essential for microalgal growth. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of SLFs on the biomass production, biochemical and physiological processes; and the study was carried out at different SLF concentrations of selected seaweeds i.e. Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gelidiella acerosa and Turbinaria ornata. The comparative analysis of the growth performance of two unicellular green alga on three different organic media suggest that the liquid fertilizer from red seaweed was highly efficient than the SLF prepared from brown seaweed. The growth rate of N. oculata and D. salina in K. alvarezii SLF as culture media resulted in 1.25 and 1.21 times higher growth than the control whereas in G. acerosa SLF it was 1.17 and 1.1 times higher than the control, respectively. In contrast, in T. ornata SLF treated groups, the growth rate of N. oculata and D. salina was 0.59 and 0.68 times lower than the control, respectively. The maximum biomass concentration values recorded for N. oculata in different SLFs were 0.474, 0.422, and 0.194 g/L whereas the maximum productivity obtained was 0.034, 0.030, and 0.014 g/L/d, respectively. D. salina grown in three different SLFs of K. alvarezii, G. acerosa and T. ornata resulted in biomass concentration of 0.534, 0.497, and 0.305 g/L and the production values obtained were 0.038, 0.035, and 0.021 g/L/d, respectively. The biochemical analysis also suggests that pigments, protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents were significantly higher than the control. Given the growth performance, physiological and biochemical response of the algae in the SLFs, the best concentration of K. alvarezii, G. acerosa and T. ornata for N. oculata growth and biomass and lipid yield were 10%, 8%, and 1%, respectively. However, for D. salina it was 10%, 6%, and 2%, respectively. Overall, the findings suggest that SLFs from red seaweeds were more efficient in enhancing the biomass production, pigment, protein, carbohydrate and lipid yield than the SLF prepared from brown seaweed signifying their potential application as an alternative to the commercial culture media.

Effect of liquid seaweed (Ulva rigida) extract on the growth and rooting of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Effect of liquid seaweed (Ulva rigida) extract on the growth and rooting of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)