Harvest Season Research Articles

Factors affecting the quantity and quality of honey bee venom collected from entrance and inside the beehive under Egyptian conditions

Modern medicine has rediscovered the therapeutic properties of honey bee venom (HBV), a crucial byproduct of beehives. Since HBV has the potential to treat several diseases, a thorough evaluation of its quality and production practices is necessary through the measurement of chemical composition. The aim of this work is to comprehend how the season and beehive harvesting location (inside or entrance) impact the quality and production. The changes in the components, when HBV is collected from the entrance or within the hives and during different seasons, were studied using each set of 20 colonies. Since samples were measured every month from April to September 2021. The findings revealed that the collection site on the beehives, and season affect insignificantly on the amounts of the components that had been evaluated. While, seasons were found to differ significantly in the amounts of collected bee venom between inside and outside beehives which scored 0.030 ± 0.003 and 0.072 ± 0.002g in spring with outside and inside bee hives, respectively, while reached 0.107 ± 0.001 and 0.194 ± 0.011g in summer with outside and inside bee hives, respectively. However, the most important factors that affect the quality of HBV may be the incorrect harvesting and storage methods used by beekeepers.

Developing multifruit global near‐infrared model to predict dry matter based on just‐in‐time modeling

AbstractModeling near‐infrared (NIR) spectral data to predict fresh fruit properties is a challenging task. The difficulty lies in creating generalized models that can work on fruits of different cultivars, seasons, and even multiple commodities of fruit. Due to intrinsic differences in spectral properties, NIR models often fail in testing, resulting in high bias and prediction errors. One current solution for achieving generalized models is to use large calibration sets measured over multiple cultivars and harvest seasons. However, current practice primarily focuses on calibration sets for single fruit commodities, disregarding the rich information available from other fruit commodities. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of locally weighted partial least‐squares an example of just‐in‐time (JIT) modeling to develop real‐time models based on calibration sets consisting of multiple fruit commodities. The study also explores JIT modeling for leveraging relevant information from other fruit commodities or adapting the model based on new samples. The application demonstrated here predicts the dry matter in fresh fruit using portable NIR spectroscopy. The results show that JIT modeling is particularly effective for multiple fruit commodities in a single calibration set. The JIT models achieved a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.69% fresh weight (FW), while the traditional partial least squares (PLS) modeling RMSEP was 0.93% FW. JIT modeling can be particularly beneficial when the user has multiple fruit datasets and wants to combine them into a single dataset to utilize all the relevant information available.

Feasibility of Using Pulse Drip Irrigation for Increasing Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Red Raspberry

Pulse irrigation, the practice of applying water in small doses over time, is known to reduce deep percolation and runoff and, relative to irrigating in single continuous applications, can increase plant growth and production by supplying water and nutrients at an optimal rate. The objective of the present study was to determine whether pulse irrigation was beneficial in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ‘Wakefield’). Treatments included continuous or pulse drip irrigation and were evaluated for three growing seasons (2018–20) in a commercial field with silt loam soil. Continuous irrigation was applied up to 4 hours/day, whereas pulse irrigation was programmed to run for 30 minutes every 2 hours, up to eight times/day, using the same amount of water as the continuous treatment. Pulsing improved soil water availability relative to continuous irrigation and, by the second and third year, increased fruit production by 1210 to 1230 kg·ha−1, which, based on recent market prices, was equivalent to $2420 to $2460/ha per year. Much of this yield increase occurred during the latter 3 to 4 weeks of the harvest season and was primarily due to larger fruit size during the second year and more berries per plant during the third year. In 1 or both years, pulse irrigation also produced more canopy cover, larger cane diameters, and higher concentrations of Mg and S in the leaves than continuous irrigation, but it reduced K and B in the soil and had variable effects on sugar-to-acid ratio in the berries. On the basis of these results, pulsing appears to be an effective means of irrigating raspberry plants in sandy or silty loam soils, but more research is needed to determine whether it is useful technique in heavier soil types.

Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Triantoro RGN, Manurung R, Setiawan RA, Kim N. 2024. Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 522-532. The pig-nosed turtle has been harvested in the Papuan region, including Merauke area in South Papua province, Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the harvesting characteristics of pig-nosed turtles around the Kao River in Boven Digoel district, South Papua. We interviewed harvesters, collectors, and village officials and participated in harvesting during harvest season, coinciding with the nesting season in August to early November 2022. The use of the pig-nosed turtle on the Kao River is primarily for eggs, not for meat. The collected eggs were incubated in an ex-situ hatchery until the juvenile form was sold to the collectors. All egg harvesters are local Papuans, while collectors or buyers are generally of non-Papuan descent. Harvesting is carried out by local people in land-owned nesting habitats as part of their inheritance-based customary rights. At least 23 clans from two tribes in the Kao River have the customary rights to harvest pig-nosed turtle eggs. Since harvesting has been carried out for more than 10 years, there is a need to ensure that harvesting will be sustainable without sacrificing the local communities' economic benefit.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion for Olive Oil Industry Effluents in Greece

Olive mill wastes are some of the most important waste streams in Mediterranean countries, such as Greece, and their uncontrolled disposal without treatment imposes serious environmental impacts. In the last few decades, the European Union has defined the framework for a sustainable circular economy, aiming for viable waste treatment solutions. Under this scope, anaerobic digestion could be a remarkable solution for efficiently reducing waste organic matter and producing green energy, at the same time. In this study, the economic sustainability of an anaerobic digestion unit for olive mill effluents was assessed. It was found that a centralized treatment plant that can process liquid olive mill effluents during the olive harvesting season and other agro-industrial by-products (such as fruit and vegetable waste) for the rest of the year could be a viable solution, with waste capacities of 780 m3OMW d−1 and 245 kgFVW d−1. The internal rate of return was estimated at 6%, the net present value was estimated to be EUR 2 million, while the payback period was calculated to be 12 years. Furthermore, through the sensitivity analysis, the selling price of the electricity produced and the productivity of the waste processed in the plant alongside the olive mill wastewater were identified as the main factors affecting the viability of the process. The findings of this study can be applied in the development of a biomass-processing facility, taking into consideration the economic feasibility and the processing of challenging-to-treat wastes to generate green energy.

The frequency and phenological stage of foliar application of nutrients and biostimulant can increase sugarcane yield and biomass and bioenergy productions

AbstractThe impacts of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production include an extensive area of cultivation, high use of technology, and the generation of by‐products that must be utilized. Achieving higher productivity while reducing the expansion of cultivation is challenging. A potential strategy for increasing sugarcane yields and productivity is the foliar application of nutrients and biostimulants at different stages of sugarcane growth. The present study assessed the impact of the foliar application of nutrients (N, B, Cu, and Zn) and a growth regulator as biostimulant (indole butyric acid, gibberellic acid, and kinetin) on sugarcane metabolism, stalk and sugar production, and quality. Field experiments were performed at 17 sites during four growing seasons (2017–2018, 2018–2019, 2019–2020, and 2020–2021) using sugarcane with three harvest times (early, mid‐late, and late harvests). The treatments were as follows: (i) no foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients (control), (ii) foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients at the vegetative stage (VS) of sugarcane, (iii) foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients at the maturation stage (MS) of sugarcane, and (iv) foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients at both the vegetative and maturation stages (VMS). Foliar application did not increase ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase activity but increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Peroxidase and catalase activities were higher, >100% and 45%, respectively, in VMS, whereas superoxide dismutase activity increased by 54% in MS compared with control. Consistent with these results, sugarcane had low hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents in VMS. In addition, the plant biometric parameters were highest in VMS, which sugarcane produced 105, 92, and 86 Mg stalk h−1 in early, mid‐late, and late harvest seasons, respectively. In summary, the foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients efficiently promoted the growth, productivity, and quality of early, mid‐late, and late harvest seasons. The positive effects of foliar application on the enzymatic and physiological responses of sugarcane can be achieved when applications are performed in both the VMS in all harvest seasons.

Impact of heat and a rest-shade-hydration intervention program on productivity of piece-paid industrial agricultural workers at risk of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin.

Assess the impact of environmental heat and a rest-shade-hydration (RSH) intervention against heat stress on productivity of piece-paid Mesoamerican sugarcane cutters. These workers are at a high risk of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), from the severe heat stress they experience due to heavy work under hot conditions. RSH interventions in these populations improve kidney health outcomes, but their impact on productivity has yet to be examined. We accessed routine productivity data from seed (SC, N = 749) and burned (BCC, N = 535) sugarcane cutters observed over five harvest seasons with increasing RSH intervention at a large Nicaraguan sugarcane mill. Hourly field-site wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was recorded by mill staff and summarized as a daily mean. Mixed linear regression was used to model daily productivity, adjusting for age (18-29, 30-44, and >45 years), sex, WBGT (<28, 28-29, 29-30, 30-31, and >31 °C) on the same and preceding day, harvest season (2017-18 to 2021-22), month, and acclimatization status (<1, 1-2, and >2 weeks). There was an inverse dose-response relationship between SC productivity and WBGT on the same and preceding days, decreasing by approximately 3%/°C WBGT. Productivity increased during the study period, i.e. coinciding with RSH scale-up, by approximately 19% in SC and 9% in BCC. Agricultural worker productivity was expected lower on hotter days, strengthening the interest in all stakeholders to mitigate increasing global temperatures and their impact. Despite decreasing the total time allocated for work each day, an RSH intervention appears to result in increased productivity and no apparent loss in productivity.

Analysis of Farmers' Knowledge Level of Off Season Cultivation Technology, Harvesting Techniques, Post Harvest Handling and Quality of Gedong Gincu Mango Fruits for the Export Market

Gedong gincu mango is a food commodity that has good added value with relatively high demand in various markets. Thus, production availability and quality standards can be realized by implementing off season gedong gincu mango cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest techniques that can minimize the level of losses due to improper handling. This research aims to determine the level of farmers' knowledge regarding off season cultivation, harvest techniques, post-harvest handling and fruit quality for the export market. The research was conducted in Sedong District with the consideration that this area is the highest mango production center in Cirebon Regency. The research is planned to be carried out in January 2024. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with survey research techniques. The sample in this study was 54 gedong gincu mango farmers. The data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive statistics with score weighting between 1 and 5. The results of the analysis showed that the level of knowledge of farmers in off season cultivation was 84.86%, harvest techniques were 82.90% and post-harvest handling was 82.04%. so it is classified as very knowledgeable, while farmers' knowledge of the quality of export fruit is 79.77%, so it is classified as knowledgeable.

Automatic fruit picking technology: a comprehensive review of research advances

In recent years, the fruit industry has become an important part of agricultural development, and fruit harvesting is a key stage in the production process. However, picking fruits during the harvest season is always a major challenge. In order to solve the challenges of time-consuming, costly, and inefficient fruit picking, researchers have conducted a lot of studies on automatic fruit picking equipment. Existing picking technologies still require further research and development to improve efficiency and reduce fruit damage. Aiming at the efficient and non-destructive picking of fruits, this paper reviews machine vision and mechanical fruit picking technology and the current research status, including the current application status, equipment structure, working principle, picking process, and experimental results. As a promising tool, machine vision technology has been widely researched and applied due to its low hardware cost and rich visual information. With the development of science and technology, automated fruit picking technology integrates information technology, integrates automatic perception, transmission, control, and operation, etc., saves manpower costs, and continuously promotes the development of modern agriculture in the direction of refinement of equipment technology, automation, and intelligence. Finally, the challenges faced by automated fruit picking are discussed, and future development is looked forward to with a view to contributing to its sustainable development.

Biological and phytochemical variation with pre- and post-harvest conditions for the Acanthus mollis L. leaf

This study investigated for the first time the temporal variation of compounds and biological activities in Acanthus mollis leaves harvested during different seasons. Variables like the harvest date, edaphic-climatic conditions, storage, drying process, and extraction methods can potentially affect phytochemicals content, potentially influencing its safety and efficacy. The study was conducted over two consecutive years, and leaves were harvested at three different vegetative stages: early vegetation, pre-flowering, and flowering. The main non-volatile compounds in the harvested leaves' ethanol extracts were quantified using HPLC-PDA (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) was studied. Phytochemical analysis revealed different compounds crucial for identifying the most favorable harvesting season for Acanthus mollis. These compounds included DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), HBOA (2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), and verbascoside. The concentration of these compounds varied depending on the vegetative state, with lower levels observed during the flowering season. During the initial vegetation stage, DIBOA emerged as the primary compound, gradually diminishing as the plant advanced through its vegetative state. Notably, the concentrations of both DIBOA and verbascoside exhibited a reverse correlation with temperature, rising as temperatures declined. Under elevated temperatures, humidity, and sun exposure, DIBOA is prone to degradation, while verbascoside, a phenylpropanoid, remains relatively stable in these conditions. It was found that the antioxidant activity of the leaves depends mainly on the amount of verbascoside, while the anti-inflammatory potential is primarily attributed to DIBOA. Verbascoside also showed a protective function against the cytotoxicity of the extracts in this study. Tyrosinase activity was affected by the levels of total benzoxazinoids and phenylpropanoids. Overall, this study elucidates the temporal variation of compounds in Acanthus mollis leaves harvested during different seasons, highlighting the importance of the quantification of specific compounds, such as DIBOA, HBOA, and verbascoside, for the selection of the most favorable harvesting season, and providing insights into the effects of temperature and environmental factors on the concentration of these compounds as well as their biological activities.

Exposome and Metabolome Analysis of Sugarcane Workers Reveals Predictors of Kidney Injury

IntroductionSugarcane workers are exposed to potentially hazardous agrochemicals including pesticides, heavy metals, and silica. Such occupational exposures present health risks and have been implicated in a high rate of kidney disease seen in these workers. MethodsTo investigate potential biomarkers and mechanisms that could explain chronic kidney disease (CKD) among this worker population, paired urine samples were collected from sugarcane cutters at the beginning and end of a harvest season in Guatemala. Workers were then separated into two groups: those with or without kidney function decline (KFD) across the harvest season. Urine samples from these two groups underwent elemental analysis and untargeted metabolomics. ResultsUrine profiles demonstrated increases in silicon, certain pesticides, and phosphorus levels in all workers while heavy metals remained low. While the KFD group had a reduction in eGFR across the harvest season, kidney injury marker 1 (KIM-1) did not significantly change. Cross-harvest metabolomic analysis found trends of fatty acid accumulation, perturbed amino acid metabolism, presence of pesticides and other known signs of impaired kidney function. ConclusionSilica and certain pesticides were significantly elevated in the urine of sugarcane workers with or without KFD. Future work should determine whether long-term occupational exposure to silica and pesticides across multiple seasons contributes CKD in these workers. Overall, these results confirmed multiple exposures are occurring in sugarcane workers and may provide insight into early warning signs of kidney injury and may help explain the increased incidence of CKD among agricultural workers.

AgriVoltaics: Economic Viability of a Synergistic System in the Sugarcane Bioenergy Sector in Brazil

This study presents an analysis of the economic viability of AgriVoltaics (AV) applied in the sugarcane-bioenergy sector in a hypothetical plant in the central region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, using modal values and performance parameters typical of the 2019/2020 harvest season. The objective is to verify the economic viability, considering the technical aspects of the project, and agronomic, operational, and systemic requirements. The obtained results show a substantial increase in the combined economic margin, at 33,5%, a land use efficiency ratio (LER) of 108,6%, and a payback of investments around 9 years. The approach proved feasible for energy prices above US$ 49.21 MWh-1 . The greater operational gain was due to the optimization of land use, and the sharing of costs with the existing thermoelectric generation that uses residual sugarcane biomass, which allowed centralized management and a substantial increase in electrical generation. The higher relative incremental cost was resulting from the AgriVoltaics installation, adapted appropriately to the specific agronomic management practices required by sugarcane crops. The cost of the adapted AgriVoltaics installation found was US$ 0.96 per Watt peak. The approach proved economically viable, respecting the agronomic conditions of the crop and the optimized use of biomass-driven electrical thermalgeneration infrastructure.

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of differences in quality of ripe Lycium barbarum L. fruits harvested at different periods

BackgroundWolfberry is well-known for its high nutritional value and medicinal benefits. Due to the continuous ripening nature of Goji berries and the fact that they can be commercially harvested within a few weeks, their phytochemical composition may change during the harvesting process at different periods.ResultThe involved molecular mechanisms of difference in fruit quality of ripe Lycium barbarum L. harvested at four different periods were investigated by transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses for the first time. According to the results we obtained, it was found that the appearance quality of L. barbarum fruits picked at the beginning of the harvesting season was superior, while the accumulation of sugar substances in L. barbarum fruits picked at the end of the harvesting season was better. At the same time the vitamin C and carotenoids content of wolfberry fruits picked during the summer harvesting season were richer. Ascorbic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, and phenolic acids have significant changes in transcription and metabolism levels. Through the network metabolic map, we found that ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and related enzyme genes were differentially accumulated and expressed in wolfberry fruits at different harvesting periods. Nevertheless, these metabolites played important roles in the ascorbate–glutathione recycling system. Ascorbic acid, phenolic substances and the ascorbate–glutathione recycling system have antioxidant effects, which makes the L. barbarum fruits harvested in the summer more in line with market demand and health care concepts.ConclusionThis study laid the foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of quality differences of ripe wolfberry fruits harvested at different periods, and provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the quality of L. barbarum fruits.

Arabica coffee yields at various harvest seasons and altitudes in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh

Arabica coffee yields in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh, are limited by altitude. Areas suitable for coffee are an altitude of 1000-1600 m asl. Climate changes, especially rising temperatures, result in vulnerability to Arabica coffee yields. This study aims to study coffee yields at various locations based on altitudes and harvest seasons. This study used a split-plot design, with 3 replications. The main plot is two season harvests (S) (March-June Harvest and September-December Harvest), and the sub-plot is six locations based on altitudes in Bener Meriah (BM) and in Aceh Tengah (AT), i.e.: BM>1000-1200 m asl, BM>1200-1400 m asl, BM >1400-1600 m asl, AT>1000-1200 m asl, AT>1200-1400 m asl, and AT >1400-1600 m asl. The season harvests did not affect all coffee yield parameters. Altitudes significantly affected the average number of coffee cherries/plant, the average weight of 100 dry coffee beans, and the average weight of dry coffee beans/plant but did not affect the average weight of coffee cherries/plant. The combination of harvest seasons and altitudes (locations) shows that in the March-June harvest season, location BM>1200-1400 m asl results in a better average weight of 100 dry coffee beans than September-December harvest season, while in AT>1200-1400 m asl is the other way around.

Prediction of the Harvest Time of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Harvest time assessment during the grape-ripening process can provide meaningful information for vineyard harvest scheduling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification of the harvest time of grape clusters using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. During the harvest season from September to October 2019, bunches of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were examined. Before establishing two classification models, namely partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) models, raw spectra were processed by different pre-processing methods, including multiplicative signal correction (MSC), mean-centering, the standard normal variable (SNV), and the Savitzky-Golay method. Competitive adaptive weighted sampling (CARS) and the successive projections algorithm (SPA) were employed to select the optimal wavenumbers. The results indicate that NIR spectroscopy is a potentially promising approach for the rapid identification of different harvest times of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, and the proposed technique is helpful for the prediction of ripened and over-ripened Cabernet Sauvignon grapes during the harvest time.

Phytochemical profile of Capsicum spp. fruits related to ripeness level, shading and harvest season in the Southeast of Mexico

Phytochemical profile of Capsicum spp. fruits related to ripeness level, shading and harvest season in the Southeast of Mexico

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Quality of Corn and the Supply Chain as An Animal Feed Ingredient in Karo District, North Sumatra

This study aims determine the quality of corn, analyze the factors that influence corn quality and analyze differences in corn prices at the farmer and marketing level in Karo Regency. This research was carried out in Karo Regency in May - July 2023 with a total of 98 respondents. It used multiple linear analysis. The results of the research show that the quality of corn available to farmers and marketing meets SNI requirements as raw material for animal feed. The results of multiple regression analysis show that water content, supply chain and harvest season have a significant effect on corn quality in Karo Regency. The marketing margin for farmers is as high as IDR 523/kg, while at marketing level it is IDR 1,012/kg. The farmer share obtained at farmer level was 89.24%, while at marketing level it was 82.71%.

Penyuluhan dan Praktek Pembuatan Briket Limbah Kulit Kopi di Desa Pace Kecamatan Silo

Pace is one of nine coffee production villages from Silo District, Jember. Most of the villager occupation is coffee farmers, the harvest season comes once a year and the quality of the harvest really depends on the number of heavy rains throughout the year, besides the heavy rain, the farmers also need some sunlight during the dry season to dry the coffee and prevent it from rotting. Bricket is a mix of coffee peel and wood powder that has calor level at 4923,9 kkal/ kg, The procedure of making a high quality Bricket from coffee peel required some specific steps. Bricket has several benefits, such as reducing the bio toxic waste by compressing the plant or woods leftovers and turning it into a solid and efficient fuel. The sale price of coffee waste usually has a low number, so in order to gain the profit up to 15% with the sale price up to Rp. 12,500/ kg, the coffee waste needs to be turned into bricket. This Bricket processing would attract huge benefits than selling the unprocessed Coffee waste that only gives the farmer around Rp. 8,000 for each sack.

Intimate liminality in Spain's berry industry

AbstractSpain's berry industry relies on the agricultural labour of both local and seasonal migrant workers. A significant part of this migrant workforce comprises Moroccan mothers who leave their children with relatives in order to perform this wage labour. The bilateral recruitment regime favours the employment of Moroccan women with children for this labour to ensure that workers return home at the end of the harvesting season. Drawing on multi‐site ethnographic research in Spain and Morocco, this study revealed the effects of this bilateral labour regime on the intimate lives of migrant workers. We argue that the geopolitical prescriptions of this labour migration regime, along with the working and living conditions of migrant workers in Huelva, result in experiences of intimate liminality. We examined these experiences by exploring: (1) how the role of female workers as mothers becomes liminal as transnational labour agreements marginalise and outsource care obligations, (2) how governmental neglect of migrant workers' occupational health exposes them to reproductive health risks and (3) how this neglect places them in a liminal space in terms of access to healthcare, and (4) how, despite their liminality, migrant workers contest precarious conditions through everyday solidarity practices. We advance a feminist approach to liminality, emphasising the importance of an embodied, intersectional, and multiscalar perspective.

Impact of harvesting seasons on physicochemical properties and volatile compound profiles of Malaysian stingless bee honey analysed using chemometrics and support vector machine

Stingless bee honey's nutritional value is gaining attention, but the impact of harvesting seasons, specifically the rainy (September 2018) and dry (February 2019) seasons in Malaysia on the honey’s physicochemical properties and volatile compounds remains insufficiently explored. This research revealed marginal differences in the physicochemical properties between seasons. However, through individual bee species and cumulative data analysis, honey samples were effectively differentiated based on harvesting seasons. A set of seventeen volatile compounds were identified as potential chemical markers for distinguishing H. bakeri, G. thoracica, and T. binghami honey between rainy and dry seasons. For cumulative data, four significant markers were proposed. These discrimination methods and chemical markers can serve as valuable references in distinguishing stingless bee honey, whether its entomological origin is specified or not between rainy and dry seasons.