Seamless Operation Research Articles

Does Prosocial Automation Increase Driver’s Well-being?

As societies transition to hybrid mobility systems, interactions between automated vehicles (AVs) and human users in public spaces become more complex, highlighting the critical role of prosocial behaviors. These behaviors are essential for the seamless operation of interdependent transportation networks, helping to address integration challenges of AVs with human-operated vehicles and enhancing well-being by creating more efficient, less stressful, and inclusive environments. This study explores the impact of receiving prosocial behaviors on the cognition, riding performance, and well-being of micromobility users in simulated urban traffic scenarios. Using a mixed-method design, the research contrasts two types of social interactions—prosocial and asocial—across three temporal conditions: relaxed, neutral, and urgent. The Structural Equation Modeling underscored the intricate relationships between prosocial behaviors, satisfaction, cognition, riding performance, and well-being. Incorporating social factors into driving systems could enhance safety and improve urban mobility solutions.

Linear Regression Analysis in Predicting the Amount of Stock of HP Sparepart Goods in GMT

The rapid advancement of the digital era has made smartphones an essential part of daily life, making the availability of high-quality spare parts crucial for their seamless operation. GMT, a store specializing in smartphone spare parts, faces challenges in predicting fluctuating consumer demand, often leading to either stock shortages or excesses. To address this issue, this research develops a stock prediction system based on linear regression, which analyzes sales data to accurately forecast stock needs. The implementation of this method has resulted in improved accuracy in stock management, enabling GMT to optimize inventory, minimize potential losses, and enhance both customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.

A Hybrid Method for Identifying Critical Failure Modes in a Ball Mill

The reliability of a ball mill is crucial for the seamless operation of ore processing and other industrial plants, where unexpected equipment failure or downtime can result in significant financial losses and reduced production efficiency. Thus, this paper examined a hybrid method for identifying critical failure modes in a ball mill using the Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis combined with the Complex Proportional Assessment with Grey Numbers (COPRAS-G). The COPRAS-G method was employed to assess the criticality of various failure modes by determining the weights of significant failure modes in the bearing, gearbox, motor, and shaft components of a ball mill. It was observed that gear seal failure is the most critical failure with percentage contribution (Ni) of 100%, while bearing wear is the least critical failure with percentage contribution (Ni) of 62%. The result suggests that failure modes of gear seal failure, gear pitting, motor bearing fatigue, and shaft fracture are regarded as the main contributors to failure with percentage contribution (Ni) of 100%, 97%, 87% and 83% respectively. Current ball mill maintenance includes corrective, preventive and predictive maintenance. For failure modes with high criticality, predictive maintenance was advised, while for moderate and low criticality, corrective and preventive maintenance were advised.

Job satisfaction and career plans among Irish radiography services managers and clinical specialist radiographers

IntroductionRadiography Service Managers (RSMs) and Clinical Specialist Radiographers (CSRs) play a pivotal role in the overall provision and seamless operation of the diagnostic imaging services provided to patients. The essential role played by these professionals makes it important to consider both job satisfaction and career plans amongst this cohort as both these variables are inextricably linked with the quality of care provided to patients and the occupational performance of staff. This study explored the job satisfaction and career plans of RSMs and CSRs. MethodA well-established, validated, questionnaire-based job satisfaction assessment tool, the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), was used to provide data relating to 36 statements across nine subscales related to job satisfaction in healthcare. Additionally, there were four open-ended questions which provided participants the opportunity to provide input related to career plans. An email link with access to the electronic survey was circulated to the National RSMs Group who further distributed the survey to other RSMs and all CSRs at their respective clinical sites. The collected data was analysed in Excel with the data analysis add-in to assess statistical significance. ResultsThe findings of this study demonstrated predominately ‘ambivalent’ opinions among CSRs and RSMs, with regard to job satisfaction. Areas of highest satisfaction amongst both cohorts included ‘Nature of work’, ‘Co-workers’, and ‘Supervision’, while areas of dissatisfaction included ‘Pay’, unclear systems of ‘Contingent Rewards’, and ‘Operating Conditions’. ConclusionThis study highlighted areas where measures could be explored to increase job satisfaction and encourage the retention of both RSMs and CSRs in diagnostic imaging departments. Implications for practiceThe enhancement of job satisfaction at management levels should translate through to other grades of radiographers, impacting the overall quality of patient care and professional well-being in the department.

Efficient Integration of PV Panels and Electrolysis through a High-Performance Converter for Clean Hydrogen Generation

Green power generation revolves around producing clean hydrogen. This is achieved through a process of generating hydrogen by electrolysis, which draws power from renewable energy sources. In this manuscript, a high performance step-down isolated dc-dc converter is proposed to interface the Photovoltaic (PV) panels and the electrolysis. This converter is highly efficient and capable of toggling on and off with minimal power consumption. The primary function of the electrolyser is to generate hydrogen, and the quantity of hydrogen produced correlates with the amount of electricity (current) it receives. To ensure seamless operation, a control system is employed. This system monitors the current and voltage of the electrolyser, ensuring it remains within optimal levels. To assess the efficacy of the proposed configuration, the system is simulated in MATLAB platform and a complete hardware in the loop test is performed using OPAL-RT OP4510.

Empirical Analysis of Paddy Value Chains in Nepal: Evidence from Logistic Regression Modeling

Background: In the South Asian region, rice is one of the most significant staple food crops. The value chain provides a lot of support for a seamless operation from growth to reaching clients' hands. It not only aids farmers, but it also creates opportunities at every stage. As a result, the goal of this research is to determine the value chain analysis of paddy products in Nepal. Objective: The objectives of the study were to analyse value chain analysis of paddy product, and to identify the constraints and opportunities of rice value chain in Parsa, Siraha and Saptari districts of Nepal. Method: The thesis followed the design of explanatory research and collected data using structured questionnaires. Binary logistic Model was used for inferential analysis. Siraha, Saptari and Birgunj (Parsa) districts are chosen purposely. 260 respondents were conveniently sampled from farmers and traders. Result: The study shows the cooperatives play role in accessing credit, accessing inputs, and training with the help of government and non-government organization. The study tells us the fact that paddy value chain functions in a traditional way, there is no innovative way of integrating the chain actors. The cooperatives are involved in both input supply and credit service. Ages, off-farm income, access to information, access to input are the factors that add value in paddy value chain. Conclusion: This research is based on value chain analysis of paddy product in Parsa, Siraha and Saptari districts. Generally, the price of rice/paddy goes down in the post-harvest period due to heavy arrivals in the market and later shoots up, which results in unstable price. Providing better access to credit to farmers to reduce dependence on money lenders can solve the existing problem. Paper Types: Research Paper Keywords: Value Chain Analysis, Framers, Traders, Value addition, Logistic Model, Kobo toolbox. JEL Classification: N55, C8, Q18, Q24, Q25

Control of Grid-Tied Inverter During Unbalanced Transient Fault

With increasing use of renewable and clean form of energy, PV systems have become popular due to its versatility and easy implementation. The overall performance of grid-connected PV systems is directly influenced by the performance of grid-tied inverter. Hence, control of grid-tied PV inverter has become a temptation. This project explores the development of grid-connected PV system and optimization of control strategies for grid-tied inverter to ensure its seamless operation and grid stability during transient faults. The transient faults occurring at the inverter side disrupts the normal operation of inverter and even lead to shut down of inverter during faults.Therefore, a control strategy is suggested and developed to control the overvoltage of DC-link capacitor and deliberately functioning and output of grid-tied inverter is improved. This is simply possible by introducing ELC so that the inverter needs not be shut down.

Optimal utilization of frequency ancillary services in modern power systems

The widespread global adoption of wind energy sources has established a significant presence in the existing power grid. However, the massive integration of intermittent wind energy poses forecasting errors, prompting the need for supplementary reserves from conventional energy sources with increased operational expenses and carbon emissions. Hence, to facilitate the seamless operation of large-scale wind-integrated power grids, it is imperative to harness the potential of renewable energy sources and leverage flexible loads to deliver power-balancing services. In this research, dynamic real-time power dispatch strategies have been developed for the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system to integrate the reserve capacities of conventional generation units and wind power plants and utilize the demand response capabilities of flexible loads for power balancing services. A comprehensive power system grid model was developed in DigSilent PowerFactory software, consisting of coal-based energy systems, wind energy systems, gas turbines, and cold storage units as flexible loads. The study is divided into different case studies to assess the impact of each scenario on system operation in mitigating the forecasting errors of wind power plants. Further, a comparative analysis was performed to illustrate the effectiveness of each case study. The analysis showed that Case Study III, where reserves are provided by coal energy systems and cold storage units, yielded the highest reduction in Positive Regulation (PR) and Negative Regulation (NR) errors, at 89.0% and 94.15%, respectively. Conversely, Case Study IV demonstrated the least reduction in errors, with 67.82% in PR and 78.41% in NR. However, it indicates that reserves can be supplied from wind energy systems and flexible loads without the support of conventional power plants.

Design of Microcontroller Based Power Supply Unit with Multiple Input and Output

This innovative project showcases a versatile power supply module, capable of delivering both AC and DC outputs, regardless of the input power source. This user-friendly device offers multiple output options from a single unit, catering to diverse power requirements. At its core, a microcontroller (8051) expertly manages the switch and relay configuration, ensuring seamless operation. Through rigorous simulation (Matlab/Simulink) and practical testing (prototype device), our results demonstrate the module's effectiveness in providing a reliable, multi-output power supply solution, enhancing convenience and efficiency.

Proactive self‐healing techniques for cloud computing: A systematic review

SummaryEnsuring the seamless operation of cloud computing services is paramount for meeting user demands and ensuring business continuity. Fault‐tolerant self‐healing techniques play a crucial role in enhancing the reliability and availability of cloud platforms, minimizing downtime and ensuring uninterrupted service delivery. This article systematically categorizes and analyzes existing research on fault‐tolerant self‐healing techniques published between 2005 and 2024. We provide a comprehensive technical taxonomy organizing self‐healing techniques based on fault tolerance processes, encompassing considerations for both reliability and availability. Additionally, we evaluate applications of proactive self‐healing techniques, highlighting their achievements, and limitations in enhancing service continuity. Strategies to address identified weaknesses are discussed, alongside future research challenges and open issues in the domain of cloud resilience. Through this analysis, the article contributes to understanding self‐healing techniques in cloud computing, offering insights into their effectiveness in ensuring service continuity. The findings aim to guide future research efforts in developing more robust and resilient cloud infrastructures, ultimately enhancing overall service reliability and availability. By emphasizing the importance of fault tolerance and self‐healing techniques, this article lays the foundation for advancing the state‐of‐the‐art in cloud computing.

English Translation of New Vocabulary for Text Analysis of New Energy Industry and International Evaluation of Power Quality

With the advancement of global energy transformation, the rapid rise of the new energy industry has become a strategic highland that countries are eager to seize. The inherent instability and unpredictability of renewable energy production pose significant obstacles to the seamless operation of the power system. To address these challenges, this article employs text analysis, data-driven methods, and artificial intelligence technology in neologisms to conduct an in-depth international evaluation and comparative research on the power quality of the new energy industry. Using text mining techniques to conduct an in-depth analysis of new energy policy texts in various countries, revealing their policy characteristics and trends. At the same time, the combination of data-driven and artificial intelligence technology enables more accurate prediction and decision analysis. Based on the findings of this study, the United States has achieved a significant 35% enhancement in the quality of new energy electricity over the past decade, attributed to its consistent monitoring and improvement initiatives. Meanwhile, Germany, owing to its robust monitoring system, has witnessed a 25% improvement in electricity quality in the last five years. However, in developing nations like India and Brazil, approximately 60% of new energy projects encounter challenges related to grid connectivity and scheduling, resulting in a deterioration of electricity quality. In contrast, only 20% of developed countries have issues with grid access and scheduling. This phenomenon reflects that developing countries still need to increase investment and improve the layout of new energy industries and the construction of power grid infrastructure. Developing countries should actively learn from the successful experiences of developed countries in the new energy industry and power grid construction, formulate appropriate policy measures based on their national conditions, improve the quality of new energy electricity, and promote energy transformation and sustainable development.

Anomaly detection technique for securing microgrid against false data attacks

The development of microgrid automation depends on information and communication technologies, which are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Recent advancements in MGs enhance power systems' efficacy and reliability, but cybersecurity remains a significant concern, especially with false data injection attacks (FDIAs) posing serious threats. FDIAs can compromise measurement devices and tamper with State Estimation (SE), risking the seamless operation of MGs. To address this, this paper proposes an efficient Iterative Free Detection of False Data (IFDFD) scheme for detecting FDIAs in microgrid state estimation. The IFDFD scheme uses complex Micro Phasor Measurement Unit (μPMU) measurements and computes nodal power injections to detect FDIAs. Furthermore, the proposed scheme integrates an S-Estimator to eliminate noise errors caused by environmental factors and the component lifespan, making IFDFD robust against sophisticated attackers. The proposed IFDFD scheme has been tested and validated on the modified IEEE 14 bus test system, integrating Distributed Generations (DGs). False data was injected into the measurements to test the scheme's effectiveness. The efficacy of proposed IFDFD scheme has been validated by comparing it to existing method of FDIAs. The obtained result clearly validates the efficacy of the proposed IFDFD scheme.

Experimental Validation of a Modular All-Electric Power Take-Off Topology for Wave Energy Converter Enabling Marine Renewable Energy Interconnection

Power electronic converters are an enabling technology for the emerging marine energy applications, such as using ocean waves to produce electricity. This paper outlines the power take-off system and its key components used in a wave energy converter offering modularity and scalability to generate power efficiently. The proposed power take-off system was implemented based on a modular multilevel converter and could be deployed to convert any alternating current electrical energy to a different alternating current for interconnection to grid or non-grid applications. Examples of widespread deployment are supplying electricity to coastal communities or producing clean drinking water. The analysis using both the simulation tests and laboratory experiments verified the design objectives and basic functionality of the developed power take-off system. An acceptable response using a field programmable gate array-based controlled laboratory testbench was achieved, complying with guidelines specified in the prevalent industry standards. Seamless operation during steady-state and transients for the studied wave energy converter was achieved as supported by the obtained results. The key findings of this work were experimentally examined under different load conditions, direct current bus voltage fluctuations, and generator speed–torque regulation. The ability of the power take-off system to generate high-power quality of the waveforms, e.g., against adhering to the IEEE 519-2022 standard for total harmonic distortion limits, is also confirmed.

Inkjet-Printed, High-Performance MoS2 Transistors and Unipolar Logic Electronics.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor field-effect film transistors combine large carrier mobility with mechanical flexibility and therefore can be ideally suitable for wearable electronics or at the sensor interfaces of smart sensor systems. However, such applications require large-area solution processing as opposed to single-flake devices, where the critical challenge to overcome is the high interflake resistance values. In this report, using a narrow-channel, near-vertical transport device architecture, we have fabricated inkjet-printed sub-20 nm channel electrolyte-gated transistors with predominantly intraflake carrier transport. Therefore, the electronics transport in these transistors is not dominated by the high interflake resistance, and the intraflake material properties including doping density, defect concentration, contact resistance, and threshold voltage modulation can be examined and optimized independently to achieve a current density as high as 280 μA·μm-1. In addition, through the passivation of the sulfur vacancies with a tailored surface treatment, we demonstrate an impressive On-Off current ratio exceeding 1 × 107, complemented by a low subthreshold swing of 100 mV·decade-1. Next, exploiting these high-performance transistors, unipolar depletion-load-type inverters have been fabricated that show a maximum gain of 31. Furthermore, we have realized NAND, NOR, and OR gates, demonstrating their seamless operation at a frequency of 1 kHz. Therefore, this work represents an important step forward to realize electronic circuits based on printed 2D thin film transistors.

Advancements in Research on Cichlid: Reproductive Biology, Social Structure, and Communication

The social behavior of cichlid fish emerged as a captivating subject within the realm of ichthyological research. The sociality of these aquatic organisms often encompasses a wealth of intricate elements. Within this complexity, the reproductive biology of cichlids was observed to mirror the characteristics pivotal for progeny propagation and population development. Their social structures were characterized by stringent hierarchies and occupational specialization among individuals. Communication mechanisms were found to be instrumental in ensuring the timely exchange of information across members of the species. Furthermore, population behaviors served as vital conduits, maintaining the cohesion of the aforementioned elements and securing the seamless operation of this organic system. Given these aspects, this study chose these topics as entry points for inquiry, synthesizing recent scholarly work on cichlid sociality to retrace the trajectory of research in this field. This retrospective analysis was conducted to distill clear future directions based on the examined data. The research undertaken provided a scientific reference poised to enhance further inquiry into the enigmatic subject of cichlid sociality, laying a robust foundation for both advancing the study of these fishes and fostering their conservation.

Fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pumps using pre-trained deep learning models and scalogram images

The monoblock centrifugal pump (MCP) is widely utilized in a diverse range of applications encompassing residential and industrial usage. Sectors such as agriculture, civil projects, mine dewatering, and numerous other industrial applications have employed centrifugal pumps. Despite their extensive usage, these pumps are susceptible to faults and failures due to the presence of critical components that are prone to issues such as bearing faults, sealing problems, cavitation and impeller faults. Therefore, conducting timely fault diagnosis becomes crucial to ensure uninterrupted operation. To address this, the technique of transfer learning, a form of deep learning, is employed. This method entails utilizing prior knowledge from previous operations to improve fault diagnostic performance in monoblock centrifugal pumps. Specifically, scalogram images derived from vibration signals collected during experimental setups were used in fault diagnosis. The study classified faults in monoblock centrifugal pumps using fifteen pre-trained networks including DenseNet-201, GoogLeNet, VGG-19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, ShuffleNet, VGG-16, InceptionV3, ResNet101, ResNet-50, EfficientNetb0, NasNetmobile, ResNet-18, AlexNet and MobileNet-v2. The highest classification accuracy was obtained by carefully adjusting the hyperparameters which were subsequently employed in the fault classification process. AlexNet, one of the pre-trained network models, showcased remarkable capabilities by achieving a perfect classification accuracy of 100% within a relatively fast computation time of 18 s. This approach employs a reliable and effective process for discovering defects from the start, lowering the risk of possible damage and ensuring the seamless operation of the system.

Influence of Communication Strategy on Performance of Project within Non-Governmental Organizations in Mogadishu, Somalia

The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of communication on performance of project within Non-Governmental Organizations in Mogadishu, Somalia. In this research, descriptive research design was used, and the target population was 78 managers and 390 senior employees in the 78 NGOs in Mogadishu. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique, where a sample size of 216 respondents was selected using Yamane’s (1967) formula. Data was collected using questionnaire, and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in the data analysis. The findings showed that managers and other higher-level staff are aware of the communication process. There was a written and well-articulated communication process. The managers can communicate effectively with employees. Communication within the NGO has an influence on organizational performance. The intercept between communication and performance of project becomes better by β = 0.821, p<0.01. This meant that when a single unit improves Communication, the project performance also significantly improves by 82.1%. Lastly, the study concluded that communication is very key for any seamless operations within the project deliverables. Further, communication is the key ingredient in effective project management as everything revolves around it from planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation which requires proper feedback mechanisms for a seamless operation. Finally, the study recommends adoption of a communication channel that facilitates proper feedback mechanism in order to prevent information loss on any item, whether it is a big or small ticket item.

Transformer Differential Protection Method for Recognition between Power Transformer Internal Defects and Inrush Current: A Comprehensive Review of Detection Techniques

The cornerstone of any electric power system lies in its power transformers, as their seamless operation is crucial for network reliability. Instant disconnection from the grid is imperative upon detecting any faults to prevent cascading issues. However, distinguishing between fault conditions, like inrush current, which necessitates caution rather than immediate action, poses a challenge for effective protection schemes. This dilemma can lead to relay malfunctions, further jeopardizing system integrity. This paper delves into a thorough analysis and comparison of various methods employed in differential protection to discern between internal faults and inrush currents, aiming to enhance system resilience. This comprehensive review explores the efficacy of intelligent techniques, hybrid approaches, and traditional methods in fault detection. By shedding light on the strengths and limitations of each method, researchers in this domain can glean insights to innovate and address the deficiencies of existing strategies in tackling internal faults and inrush currents detection. Ultimately, this endeavor seeks to fortify the reliability and stability of power systems in the face of dynamic operational challenges.

P-143 Comparison of clinical outcomes between overnight warmed and embryo transfer day warmed blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer cycles

Abstract Study question Is there any difference between clinical outcomes of overnight warmed (ONW) and embryo transfer day warmed (ETDW) blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles? Summary answer ETDW blastocysts had better clinical outcomes compared to ONW blastocysts in FET cycles. What is known already Some studies reported that the resumption of mitosis in thawed cleavage-stage embryos resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes in FET cycles. Unnecessary transfer of non-functioning embryos can be avoided by incubating thawed embryos overnight to deselect embryos that developed abnormally or failed to undergo additional cleavage. The synchronisation between a viable embryo and a receptive endometrium is vital for successful implantation to take place. The optimal implantation rates occur with embryo-endometrial developmental asynchrony of ± 1.5 days or less. The implantation rates are progressively reduced when embryo-endometrial development asynchrony is greater than 3 days. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective study involving 2368 FET cycles in KKIVF Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore from Jan 2021 to Dec 2022. The transfer of embryos or blastocysts derived from thawed oocytes, cleavage-stage embryos, double blastocysts and cultured blastocysts from thawed cleavage-stage embryos were excluded. Only single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers (n = 1445) were included in this study. Participants/materials, setting, methods Cryopreserved blastocysts were routinely warmed one day before embryo transfer (ET) using Vit Kit - Warm (FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific®) and incubated overnight (ONW group). However, when ETs fell on Monday or post public holiday, vitrified blastocysts were warmed on ET day (ETDW group). Regardless of blastocyst age, surviving blastocysts were transferred into day 5 endometrium. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test or Chi-square test. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered as significant. Main results and the role of chance No statistical significant difference was observed in terms of maternal age distribution at the time of oocyte retrieval between ONW and ETDW groups (34.26 ± 3.29 vs. 34.49 ± 3.22, P = 0.221). Overall, clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) and live birth rates (LBR) were significantly higher in the ETDW group (CPR: 47.47% vs. 40.47%, P < 0.01; LBR: 34.99% vs. 28.78%, P < 0.05). Clinical outcomes were comparable in both ONW and ETDW groups for vitrified-warmed day 5 blastocyst transfers (CPR: 51.27% vs. 58.44%, P = 0.11; LBR: 37.06% vs. 44.81%, P = 0.07). CPR (45.02% vs. 25.71%, P < 0.0001) and LBR (32.03% vs. 17.45%, P < 0.0001) were significantly increased when vitrified day 6 blastocysts were warmed and transferred on the actual day of ET. 18.42% CPR and 13.16% LBR were achieved when vitrified-warmed day 7 blastocysts were transferred on the ET day itself. However, transfer of vitrified-warmed day 7 blastocysts in the ONW group did not result in any pregnancy. Limitations, reasons for caution Study subjects were not stratified according to patient’s age band and blastocyst quality. Age itself is an independent determinant of blastocyst quality which can affect clinical outcomes. Wider implications of the findings Warming of a vitrified blastocyst on ET day is preferred regardless of blastocyst age. However, to facilitate seamless operation in laboratory, overnight warming for vitrified day 5 blastocysts is feasible without compromising clinical outcomes. Trial registration number Not applicable

Resource-Efficient Deep Learning: Fast Hand Gestures on Microcontrollers

Hand gesture recognition using a camera provides an intuitive and promising means of human-computer interaction and allows operators to execute commands and control machines with simple gestures. Research in hand gesture recognition-based control systems has garnered significant attention, yet the deploying of microcontrollers into this domain remains relatively insignificant. In this study, we propose a novel approach utilizing micro-hand gesture recognition built on micro-bottleneck Residual and micro-bottleneck Conv blocks. Our proposed model, comprises only 42K parameters, is optimized for size to facilitate seamless operation on resource-constrained hardware. Benchmarking conducted on STM32 microcontrollers showcases remarkable efficiency, with the model achieving an average prediction time of just 269ms, marking a 7× faster over the state-of-art model. Notably, despite its compact size and enhanced speed, our model maintains competitive performance result, achieving an accuracy of 99.6% on the ASL dataset and 92% on OUHANDS dataset. These findings underscore the potential for deploying advanced control methods on compact, cost-effective devices, presenting promising avenues for future research and industrial applications.