Script Text Research Articles

Pengaruh Islam dalam Kebudayaan Lokal di Button: Satu Kajian Berdasarkan Teks Sarana Wolio

This study aimed to describe how far the moslem teaching has given influence<br />to the local culture in Wolio (Buton). This study researched a classic script text,<br />therefore used a filology and Heuristic methode. filology methode was used to<br />purify text and make text be readable by the citizen, whereas heuristic methode<br />was used to find out the substantial of the text. The result of this study showed<br />that Islamic teaching influenced toward local culture in Buton since Sultan<br />Mobolina Pauna administration. When he arranged the constitution of Buton<br />verbally called as “Martabat Tujuh “ or Sarana Wolio is like influenced by<br />his intuition or his sufism perspective. That influence could be seen through<br />the culture which was arranged like Martabat Tujuh, determining of sultan’s<br />number and sapati which was symbolized by sifat dua puluh, determining of<br />minister number was symbolized like thirty of juz alqur’an and determining<br />number of points refused by culture were symbolized by “itikad yang tujuh<br />puluh dua kaum”

Design and Implementation for Malicious Links Detection System Based On Security Relevance of Webpage Script Text

With the development of web technology, spreading of Trojan and viruses via website vulnerabilities is becoming increasingly common. To solve this problem, we propose a system for malicious links detection based on security relevance of webpage script text and present the design and implementation of this system. Firstly, according to the current analysis of malicious links, we describe requirements and the general design for detection system. Secondly we describe the security-related algorithm with mathematical language, and give the data structure of this algorithm. Finally, we analyze and summarize the experimental results, and verify the reliability and rationality of system. Index Terms—text analysis; security relevance; malicious links

Combined orientation and skew detection using geometric text-line modeling

In large scale document digitization, orientation detection plays an important role, especially in the scenario of digitizing incoming mail. The heavy use of automatic document feeding scanners and moreover automatic processing of facsimiles results in many documents being scanned in the wrong orientation. These misoriented scans have to be corrected, as most subsequent processing steps assume the document to be scanned in the right orientation. Several existing methods for orientation detection use the fact that in Latin script text, ascenders are more likely to occur than descenders. In this paper, we propose a one-step skew and orientation detection method using a well-established geometric text-line model. The advantage of our method is that it combines accurate skew estimation with robust, resolution-independent orientation detection. An interesting aspect of our method is that it incorporates orientation detection into a previously published skew detection method allowing to perform orientation detection, skew estimation, and, if necessary, text-line extraction in one step. The effectiveness of our orientation detection approach is demonstrated on the UW-I dataset, and on publicly available test images from OCRopus. Our method achieves an accuracy of 99% on the UW-I dataset and 100% on test images from OCRopus.

The Encrypted Sermons of Sabato Morais

In the course of researching the attitudes of nineteenth-century rabbis about American slavery, David Cobin found that the name Sabato Morais featured prominently among rabbis who had publicly expressed strong anti-slavery sentiments. This information sent Cobin to the American Jewish History Library where some of Morais's papers are archived to find original documents on the matter. There he found sermons from 1861 to 1862 with English script title pages and text all written in Pitman Shorthand, presumably by Morais himself. One of these, an undated document entitled The Slavery of the Bible, described as a lecture, seemed to be exactly on point. Cobin's first hurdle, however, was transcribing Morais's lecture. After a significant search he found Dorothy Roberts, who had become an expert on Civil War Pitman Shorthand specifically in order to engage in this kind of scholarly transcription. It was soon clear, however, that transcribing a more than one hundred and forty year-old shorthand written for oneself was not a simple matter. There were obsolete words, partial words, undecipherable words, words left out, references to obscure incidents, incomplete quotations, and words in multiple languages. Cobin enlisted the collaboration of his colleague Earl Schwartz as co-editor, and together they partnered in the transcription process with Dorothy Roberts. Roberts transcribed the shorthand as best she could. Cobin and Schwartz then researched the history, filled in the Judaic references and mined old dictionaries and their own imaginations for language of the times to fit the words Roberts could not fully transcribe. Roberts always made the final decision on the appropriateness of the editors' suggestions in light of the shorthand. This work yielded the transcribed lecture, The Slavery in the Bible that indeed spoke about slavery in the time of the Bible, but not about American slavery. Morais's focus was on a humane form of slavery in contrast to slavery in Sparta and Rome. Unlike Rabbi Morris Raphall's discourse on The Bible View of Slavery January 15, 1861 that was used by Southerners as a defense of slavery, Morais's lecture provided little material to fuel the conflagration then raging. The editors have concluded that Morais's lecture was likely delivered as a response to Raphall's widely publicized discourse. The Slavery of the Bible is included with the four transcribed Sabbath sermons published here.

Self-supervised adaptation for on-line script text recognition

We have recently developed in our lab a text recognizer for on-line texts written on a touch-terminal. We present in this paper several strategies to adapt this recognizer in a self-supervised way to a given writer and compare them to the supervised adaptation scheme. The baseline system is based on the activation-verification cognitive model. We have designed this recognizer to be writer-independent but it may be adapted to be writer-dependent in order to increase the recognition speed and rate. The classification expert can be iteratively modified in order to learn the particularities of a writer. The best self-supervised adaptation strategy is called prototype dynamic management and gets good results, close to those of the supervised methods. The combination of supervised and self-supervised strategies increases accuracy again. Results, presented on a large database of 90 texts (5,400 words) written by 38 different writers are very encouraging with an error rate lower than 10%.

The E2B machine translation

This article describes a new approach to machine translator that translates English text into Bangla text with disambiguation. The translated Bengali text in English scripts is also useful for learning Bengali or Bangla language as a foreign language. At the same time the Bengali rural people who do not know English language well can understand the English matter with the translated output. The proposed approach is a new one that uses both the rule-based and transformation-based machine translation schemes along with three level parsing approaches. This is a significant contribution towards creation of a low-cost Human Language Technology (HLT). About two hundred million people in the West Bengal, Tripura (two states in India) and in Bangladesh (a country), speak and write Bangla as their first language. This English to Bangla (E2B)-ANUBAD or translator system or E2B takes a paragraph of English sentences as input sentences and produces equivalent Bangla sentences. The E2B-ANUBAD system compries of a preprocessor, morphological parser, semantic parser using English word ontology for context disambiguation, an electronic lexicon associated with grammatical information and a discourse processor. It also employs a lexical disambiguation analyzer. This system does not rely on a stochastic approach. Rather, it is based on a special kind of hybrid architecture of transformer and rule-based NLE architectures along with various linguistic knowledge components of both English and Bangla for creation of a low-cost HLT.

A generic method for determining up/down orientation of text in roman and non-roman scripts

This paper presents a method for determining the up/down orientation of text in a scanned document of unknown orientation, so that it can be appropriately rotated and processed by an optical character recognition (OCR) engine. The method analyzes the “open” portions of text blobs to determine the direction in which the open portions face. By determining the respective densities of blobs opening in a pair of opposite directions (e.g., right or left), the method can establish the direction in which the text as a whole is oriented. We first describe a method for determining the up/down orientation of roman text based on the asymmetry in the openness of most roman letters in the horizontal direction. For non-roman text such as Pashto and Hebrew, we provide a method that determines a direction that is the most asymmetric, and therefore the most useful for the determination of text orientation, given a training data set of documents of known orientation. This work can be adapted for use in automated mail processing or to determine the orientation of checks in automated teller machine envelopes, scanned or copied documents, documents sent via facsimile, and digital photographs that include text (e.g., road signs, business cards, driver's licenses), among other applications.

Keynote paper: Visions for fundamental change in libraries and librarianship for Asia Pacific

Libraries and archival institutions are encountering unprecedented pressures for change, arising largely from the emergence of the World Wide Web. Discusses those challenges in the framework of the key imperatives of support for public education, contribution to cultural development, preservation of our heritage for posterity, and information management. As examples, libraries and archival institutions need to support flexible online learning services; support collaborative cross‐sectoral cultural programs; respond to the challenge of digital preservation and encourage a program of research and collaboration; manage traditional and digital collections in an integrated manner; manage text in different scripts in an integrated manner; and ensure persistent access to digital information resources.

RunScript: An extendable object-oriented program for computer-controlled psychology experiments

RunScript is a general-purpose authoring program that allows one to specify, in a script text file, the steps to be undertaken in the execution of an experiment. The script language supports fundamental operations, such as conditional branching to script-defined labels, manipulation of variables, sending the user messages, appending a string to a data file, and executing a subsidiary script file. A second command type allows runtime loading and execution of custom object-oriented software modules. A module’s methods (or routines) are accessed from the script file simply by citing their text names, with optional variables likewise specified via a character string. Module development is simplified by requiring that new modules inherit existing code that implements protocols for passing variables and interacting with the script interpreter. These mechanisms allow the experimenter to add features of arbitrary complexity while maintaining simplicity, clarity, and consistency in the overall architecture of the software and the scripting language.

More magic spells and formulae Plates I-IV

A new text edition usually stimulates further publications and evaluations of similar texts. This situation particularly applies to J. Naveh and S. Shaked, Magic spells and formulae (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1993), since much new material has come to light in recent years. The present article consists of additional texts which have special relevance to the above mentioned volume (see my review of Naveh-Shaked in this issue). Two magic bowls which appeared at Sotheby's (London) in 1985 were copied by me and sent to Naveh and Shaked for study and publication. One bowl in Jewish Aramaic script (Text A) was also copied by the present writer, but the bowl was not easily legible, and Naveh and Shaked chose not to include it within the corpus of bowls, because neither the photographs nor the hand copy were sufficiently reliable. Since the present owner and location of the bowl is unknown, I have included my hand copy of the bowl here, with an attempt to read as much as is reasonably legible, in the hope that eventually the bowl will reappear and corrections to these readings can be made, through collation of the original. A second bowl, in Syriac script, was edited by Naveh and Shaked (Bowl 17), but since they chose not to publish the hand copy of the bowl, it is given below (as Text B).

Indian Script Publishing System

Publishing refers to the act of issuing a printed work to the public. Publishing systems are now available on computers and have proved to be a helpful tool for communicating messages effectively. A publishing system helps to control typography, add design elements, and add or create graphics images. Most publishing systems available in the market provide only Roman Script. In our country, there are a number of potential areas, where a publishing system for Indian languages would be very useful. This paper discusses in detail, a publishing system supporting text in Indian scripts (Hindi and Tamil). The system provides text editing facilities along with graphics editing. The character generation for each language script is discussed in detail. The text editing facilities are described. Graphics images can be created and mixed with text. How this is done and how printed documents of the text and graphics thus created, can be got, are also discussed.

A New Approach to Indian Script Character Generation for CRT

Indian scripts are far more complex as compared to the Roman script. This complexity arises due to the large number of codes required to represent different unique character shapes and also due to the need to account for the large variations in the character width. All the LSI CRT controllers which are used in the CRT display for modern PCs have been designed for Roman script and are unsuited for the display of Indian scripts. Therefore mostly the bit mod graphics for the display of Indian script text on CRT screen has been used for acceptable quality for character display.A novel method for code generation and display of Indian script text on a monochrome CRT is presented. Dedicated hardware using two commercially available CRT controllers in parallel along with a suitable control logic to take care of variable width of character, has been designed. End result is achieved with the help of suitable software to accept the key input, process it for actual code generation and to maintain the integrity of the display to avoid distortion due to variable width Indian script characters. This compromise between hardware and software makes it possible to enter Indian script text as in normal computer.

Using microcomputers to format large and complex manuscripts

Thesis writers at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY have enjoyed a unique computing environment on Cornell's IBM 4381 mainframe computer. After many years of supporting a customized Waterloo SCRIPT text processing environment and intensive, centralized support, we have decided to remove the mainframe thesis formatting software and encourage writers to produce documents on microcomputers. Officially this plan begins in September 1986. This paper discusses the preparations made by User Support Staff at Cornell University to educate and service the new group of users now faced with managing large, complex documents in a microcomputer environment.

Scripts and reading research

The paper describes four writing systems and a few example scripts under each system. Under the heading “Research Common to Different Scripts,” the paper then discusses research on phonetic coding, eye movements in reading, and cortical processing, in English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scripts. Under the heading “Research Unique to Specific Scripts,” it discusses research on word recognition in English orthography, in Japanese Kanji and Kana, and in Korean Hangul. Linguistic, cognitive, and cortical processing seems to be similar for people reading sentences and text in different scripts; processing seems to be dissimilar for people recognizing individual symbols in different scripts.

Multilingual Information and the Computer

The computerized storage and processing of text in non-roman scripts creates problems. Characters which are not available in standard fonts may be created by using a plotter instead of a printer. A pilot project to devise a program for the computerization of classical Tibetan script, initiated at the Polytechnic of North London in 1983, is described. Problems of transliteration and international actions to promote the computerization of non-roman scripts are summarized.

Improving Reading with Script Text

Previous articleNext article No AccessImproving Reading with Script TextGertrude HildrethGertrude Hildreth Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Elementary School Journal Volume 53, Number 7Mar., 1953 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/458510 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1953 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.