Interview Script Research Articles

Churning de recursos humanos: Proposta de um modelo teórico-metodológico

Abstract Purpose: This article presents the results of qualitative research performed through the semi-structured interviews to elaborate a theoretical-methodological human resources churning model that will allow to statistically describe the relations of interdependence between the selected variables, to analyze their impact, and to test hypotheses in future studies. Originality/value: The relevance of this study lies in the opportunity to contribute to the development of such an intricate, unexplored topic, with scarcely available literature and empirical studies, providing the elaboration of an interview script as an instrument for data collection that facilitates future studies. Churning of human resources (excess of turnover) is solely related to the replacement of workers who voluntarily choose to leave organizations (Burgess et al., 2000). Design/methodology/approach: This study follows a qualitative approach. The process of data collection consisted of developing a semi-structured interview guide to gather information through the performance of 20 interviews. Findings: Through the analysis of the results, it was possible to ascertain that the more favorable churning dimensions are, the greater the retention of workers in organizations. Thus, the elaboration and application of strategic measures by organizations become relevant for the retention of the most experienced and qualified workers in order to avoid high costs with new hiring, which are a direct result of such replacements (churning).

User experiences of older adults navigating an online database of community-based physical activity programs.

This study aimed to (1) explore older adult user experiences navigating an online health database of local physical activity programs; (2) compare navigational feedback with age-friendly website design guidelines; (3) assess online database completeness. Focus groups, including guided tasks and a semi-structured interview script, gathered navigational user experiences of fifteen older adults. A review of the literature sought age-friendly best practice website design guidelines and a website search for local physical activity programs was completed. The design of the online database website was challenging for older adult participants to navigate and was not 'intuitive'. Based on focus group feedback, there were multiple discrepancies between the evaluated online database and the established guidelines for designing age-friendly websites. A total of 187 physical activity programs were missing from the database. Findings provide novel insight into user experiences of older adults navigating online health and physical activity program sites. Redesigning the following age-friendly website recommendations would empower older adults in the use of online databases and promote awareness of local physical activity programs. Health care providers need reliable and age-friendly online resources to link their patients with local physical activity programs to promote healthy aging.

Atuação da terapia ocupacional com puérperas nas ações do núcleo de apoio à saúde da família

Abstract Introduction Occupational Therapy works in Primary Care through the Family Health Support Center, collaborating to promote comprehensive health monitoring for the population served by SUS. Among the people assisted are women in the puerperium, the period between childbirth until the next six and eight weeks is marked by several changes for those who experience it. Objective To investigate the role of occupational therapists with postpartum women in Primary Care actions at Family Health Support Center in Recife-PE. Method A qualitative exploratory study, carried out between April and May 2022, with eight occupational therapists working in Recife-PE. As a research instrument, a semi-structured interview script was produced. For analysis, the Collective Subject Discourse technique was used. Results The professionals report difficulties to work as a team with postpartum women due to the lack of knowledge of the possibilities of assistance on the part of the Family Health Teams. Despite this, they carry out several actions aimed at the field of action and the core of knowledge of Occupational Therapy. Among the actions carried out are home visits, individual and shared care, group care, breastfeeding support, guidance to postpartum women and support network, mental health care, guidance and resumption of occupational roles, routine structuring and guidance or support for daily activities. Conclusion Based on the understanding of occupation and occupational performance, the practice of occupational therapists at team represents benefits to the health of women assisted during the puerperium.

MENGEMBANGKAN KONSEP DIRI MELALUI KEGIATAN BERMAIN PERAN (PENELITIAN TINDAKAN DI TK B LABSCHOOL STAI BANI SALEH, BEKASI)

AbstrackThe objective of study was to analyze and describe about the application of role play activity for developing of children self concept. This research was carried out at TK Labschool STAI Bani Saleh for student 5-6 years old in group B. This self concept is needed for early chilhood in order to have understanding about them self.The method employed in this research was Action Research which developed by Kemmis and Taggart. This research action consist of two cycles, every cycle has 4 time action. For every cycle consist of planning, action, monitoring and reflection. The subject of this research were the kindergarten students of group B strawberry class were eleven students. at TK Labschool STAI Bani Saleh. The analysis of data in this research employed by quantitative data and qualitative data. The quantitative data analysis obtained there was a development enhanchment of self concept student from pra intervensi up to second cycle, about 25.5 %. This result was exceeded of the agreement between researcher and collaborator as big as 20%. Depend on that enhancment percentage, the action hypotheses can be accepted. For the analysis qualitative data was employed by analysts interactik model of Miles and Hiberman by the steps: 1. reduction, 2. display. 3. verification by data analyzing from the observasion script, documentation script and interview script during the research. Result of this research show that role play activity was succeeded to develop self concept/br student in group B at T K Labschool STAI Bani Saleh. Keyword: selfconcept, role play activity, and action research.

Designing and Explaining the Model of Job Enrichment with the Emphasis on Employee's Behavioral Dimension in Social Security Organization

Background: As a job design technique, job enrichment emphasizes intra-job motivation in job duties and responsibilities to achieve appropriate behavioral outcomes. The present study aims to design and explain a job enrichment model considering the behavioral dimension of employees in Social Security Organization.
 Methods: The research method was conducted based on qualitative content analysis and testing structural equations from quantitative perspective. Qualitative data were collected by semi-structured interviews with a purposive judgmental sampling. It was conducted on 14 people (academic experts, managers and deputies of Tehran's Social Security Organization). Researchers collected quantitative data by a 66-item questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale distributed among 327 employees of Tehran's Social Security Organization. It was done through Cochran's formula and convenience sampling method. Coding approach was used to analyze qualitative data, and the interview scripts and the SEM test in the Smart PLS 2 package were used to test the hypotheses.
 Results: Qualitative findings focused on components such as job policymaking (developing job resource, recruitment structure, and job brand; and job responsibilities' management); trends in job enrichment (enriching the core job characteristics, job knowledge characteristics, and job social characteristics); employee's job psychological perceptions; environmental factors (working environment conditions, organization and team's climate, organizational culture, leadership style); behavioral responses (attitudes, performance, motivation; behavioral, cognitive, psychological well-beings) in the structure of job enrichment. Quantitative findings also indicated that the components of job policymaking and environmental factors have a significant effect on the dynamics of trends in job enrichment. Trends in job enrichment, in turn, have direct and indirect impacts on the components of behavioral responses through employees' psychological perceptions.
 Conclusion: This study's paradigm emphasizes the importance of a holistic view with a dynamic capability for job enrichment. Accordingly, 2 factors of job policymaking and intra- organizational environmental factors should be considered by insurance organizations to increase the opportunities for self-realization of job enrichment.

Developing evidence-based resources for evaluating postgraduate trainees in the biomedical sciences.

Postgraduate trainees elevate the academic strength of institutions by conducting research, promoting innovation, securing grant funding, training undergraduate students, and building alliances. Rigorous and systematic program evaluation can help ensure that postgraduate training programs are achieving the program's intended outcomes. The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based evaluation tools that could be shared across federally funded biomedical training programs to enhance program evaluation capacity. This manuscript describes the evidence-based process used to determine program evaluation needs of these programs at a research-intensive university. Using a multi-phased sequential exploratory mixed methods approach, data were collected from trainees, employers, leaders, and program directors. Data analyses included document analysis of program plans, inductive coding of focus groups and interviews, and descriptive analysis of surveys. Two overarching categories-Trainee Skills and Program Characteristics-were identified including six themes each. Program directors prioritized communication, social and behavioral skills, and collaboration as the trainee skills that they needed the most help evaluating. Furthermore, program directors prioritized the following program characteristics as those that they needed the most help evaluating: training environment, trainee outcomes, and opportunities offered. Surveys, interview scripts, and related resources for the categories and themes were developed and curated on a publicly available website for program directors to use in their program evaluations.

교수자의 현장 전문가 인터뷰 경험에 관한 사례연구

This study set out to examine cases that instructors had while conducting an interview with field experts. The investigator conducted an interview with 18 field experts to produce an online content video on the topic of personality education. In the present study, the investigator met with interviewees in the field, had talks with them, and videotaped their interviews from January to April 2022. The analysis results of their interviews show that instructors had an opportunity to grow out of theoretical philosophy and convert it into life philosophy through interview experiences. Based on its findings, the study argues that the process of instructors preparing for their lectures can take into account the diverse aspects of life instead of being restricted only to the academic and theoretical ones and that the unique form of an interview can help instructors try new teaching methods based on talks beyond the old instructor-centered lectures. Furthermore, instructors and field experts expanded their relationship to philia mentioned by Aristotle based on their common topic of personality education through their talks on the processes of casting, interview script revision, and field work.

“That's the routine”: A qualitative exploration of mealtime screen use in lower educated Australian families with young children

BackgroundFamily meals are an opportune context for initiating healthy eating habits in young children. However, using screens at family mealtimes may negate some of the associated nutritional and social benefits. In High Income countries, frequent mealtime screen use is common, particularly in families of low socioeconomic position (SEP). This study aimed to explore experiences and acceptability of mealtime screen use in families of low SEP with young children. MethodsQualitative interviews with 25 mothers of low SEP were conducted via telephone or Zoom™ using Photo Interviewing and a semi-structured interview script. Transcripts were analysed thematically using a Constructivist paradigm. ResultsMany parents reported an eagerness for reducing family mealtime screen use. Three major themes were identified in explaining the reasons behind levels of engagement in family mealtime screen use. These included parental self-efficacy, such as parental confidence in saying no to screens at mealtimes, physical resources such as having enough space in the home for a functioning dining table without view of a television, and temporal priorities such as prioritising screen use for managing children's difficult behaviour at mealtimes over long-term health considerations. ConclusionsThis study highlights that although family mealtime screen use is likely linked with a range of child behaviours and parenting practices that may negatively influence children's dietary intake and social engagement, parents often considered screens acceptable at mealtimes. Nonetheless, parents' desire to reduce family mealtime screen use provides an important opportunity to determine how best to support parents to achieve this.

Evaluation on Prior Learning Assessment of the Expanded Tertiary Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP): Its Implications for Tertiary Education Policy

This study investigated the prior learning assessment process of Expanded Tertiary Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP) in terms of achievement of its goals including evaluation procedure, contents of assessment tools, and outputs of assessment including the suggested courses to qualified applicants. This paper argued that the prior learning assessment process of adult learners toward an entry to tertiary education inadequately measures competencies based on the existing practice of the university. Anchored on micro-analytic approach, two sets of participants namely assessors and directors of the program comprised the fourteen interviewees. Using the qualitative research design, data were obtained through a researcher-made semi-structured interview script and analysis of program assessment forms. Results revealed three emerging themes: initial assessment, document evaluation, and interview or oral presentation. Further, no written competencies were measured and the assessment tools insufficiently capture any competencies in any assessment process. Thus, the suggested courses mismatched with the needed competencies by the applicants. Policy recommendations on the assessment process were made to further enhance the holistic nature of the program.

Pain Attitudes in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects over 100,000 people in the United States and about 20 million people worldwide. It is complicated by a spectrum of micro- and macrovascular complications, most commonly pain or a vaso-occlusive crisis. The episodic pain can be unpredictable and debilitating, affecting quality of life. In both pediatric and adult patients with SCD, those with more frequent chronic pain report more frequent depressive symptoms, more frequent hospital admission, and more significant functional disability. A crucial factor that affects quality of life is self-efficacy defined as one's ability to engage in behaviors resulting in improve health outcomes and quality of life (Al Raqaishi, et.al.; 2022). Prior research has shown poor self-efficacy was negatively correlated with the number of sickle cell crises per year. A major influencer of self-efficacy among SCD patients is stigma, a social concept that leaves a person with SCD vulnerable to negative evaluation from others. Studies have suggested that stigma might cause a delay in health seeking behavior resulting in lower self-efficacy and poorer quality of life in patients with SCD. This mixed methods pilot study sought to further explore attitudes and beliefs about the relationship between pain, discrimination, and stigma in adults with sickle cell disease. Additionally, participants were asked to evaluate a group intervention curriculum currently used for adults with chronic pain. After adapting this curriculum to be SCD specific, we plan to test its efficacy for chronic pain in adults with SCD. Methods: Thirteen adult participants with SCD were recruited from the Center for the Special Health Care Needs at ChristianaCare Wilmington, DE during a routine clinic visit. After informed consent was obtained, participants were interviewed by the research assistant over Zoom, using a standardized interview script. Interviews were recorded and stored securely. Surveys were completed via a secure RedCap link. Survey responses were analyzed, and descriptive statistics were performed. Interviews were transcribed using Microsoft Word transcription tool and reviewed for accuracy. Analysis was done using the Rapid and Rigorous qualitative Data Analysis (RADAR) technique; three coders were involved in the process to assure intercoder-reliability. Results: After analysis with RADAR, five themes and twenty-six codes were developed; thematic saturation was reached (Table 1). Representative quotes from the key informant interviews were identified for each theme and code. Survey responses were tabulated (Table 2- in progress). Discussion: Review of the codes identified in the Key Informant interviews revealed most participants endorsed a connection between their emotions and pain. Most described at least one experience of racism or discrimination in the health care setting and identified perceived lack of clinician knowledge about SCD as a barrier to appropriate care. These data and participant evaluation of the current chronic pain curriculum will be used to develop a SCD-specific curriculum that will be piloted in future work. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Teacher Actions: The Influence on Entrepreneurial Behavioral Characteristics of Students

Aims. This study aimed to identify the activities teachers from a Brazilian public higher education institution developed to analyze how these activities influenced undergraduate students’ entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics (EBCs). Method. The study applied a mixed method; the quantitative approach used the EBCs measurement instrument (Mansfield et al., 1987), analyzed with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), prioritizing the most important EBCs in the perception of 792 students. The qualitative approach implemented a semi-structured interview script and content analysis. This approach identified the activities teachers developed and characterized as distinct according to students’ perception and their relationship with the EBCs. Discussion. Thus, it was possible to identify that practical activities and those aimed at student autonomy, directed towards reality, with correlations between disciplines, and with interactive participation, dialogue, favorable environment and learning through experience, converge to developing the entrepreneurial characteristics of the students and are being carried out in the classroom. It was also found that commitment was the most evident characteristic. Conclusions. It can be concluded that the institution presents a promising scenario to develop entrepreneurial education. However, the activities currently carried out in the establishment are not efficient or sufficient since, at the same time, as the existence of entrepreneurial activities was proved, the students presented some unsatisfactory EBCs. Therefore, a longitudinal cut is suggested to analyze the EBCs and better understand the students’ evolution with the insertion of these practices in the classroom.

Analysis of the challenges of a private cardboard recycling company to fulfill its mission in the city of Manaus, Amazonas

The trade in materials of cellulosic origin, such as paper, cardboard and others, has shown significant growth in many countries, mainly because they are used as packaging coatings and other forms of reuse, fundamentals of reverse logistics. In this sense, this work aimed to analyze the challenges that a private cardboard recycling company faces to fulfill its organizational mission in the city of Manaus, capital of the state of Amazonas. For this, it followed the steps foreseen in the scientific-technological method. Data were collected through a script of interviews and an observation protocol, organized and analyzed with the help of semantic analysis techniques, identifying central terms of the responses collected by interviews and compared with the observed data; the results were generated with triangulation techniques of the answers obtained with the two instruments and interpreted in a comparative way with the theoretical framework of reference. The results showed that a) the company contributes to environmental preservation through the correct destination of materials and cleaning of public places, b) these contributions are made through obedience to legal procedures, c) its challenges are to have access to all customers industrial and residential areas and make the population aware of the importance of environmental preservation; d) population and governments are the agents that can help overcome these challenges through e) awareness of the importance of sustainability (population) empowering and making the population put sustainability into practice (government). The conclusion shows that, albeit slowly, there is a tendency to increase this desired awareness.

Military Medical Provider Perspectives During the New York COVID-19 Response.

The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in New York City (NYC) included unprecedented support from the DoD-a response limited primarily to medical and public health response on domestic soil with intact infrastructure. This study seeks to identify the common perspectives, experiences, and challenges of DoD personnel participating in this historic response. This is a phenomenological qualitative study of 16 military health care providers who deployed to NYC in March 2020. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the USU (No. DBS.2020.123). All participants served on either the United States Naval Ship Comfort or at the Javits Center. We conducted semi-structured interviews exploring the participants' experiences while deployed to NYC. These interview scripts were then independently coded by five research team members. We identified four common themes and 12 subthemes from the participants' responses. The themes (subthemes) were lack of preparation (unfamiliar mission and inadequate resources); confusion about integration with civilian health care (widespread, dynamic situation, and NYC overwhelmed), communication challenges (overall, misunderstanding and miscommunication resulting in tension, and patient handoffs); and adaptation and success (general, military-civilian liaison service, positive experience, and military support necessity). This study provides unique insight into the DoD's initial response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in NYC. Using this experiential feedback from the DoD's pandemic responders could aid planners in improving the rapidity, effectiveness, and safety of military and civilian health care system integrations that may arise in the future.

Spiritual Care during Care Process – From Former Family Caregiver Perspectives

<p>從擔任起家庭照顧者開始，即面臨生命中重大衝擊、改變及抉擇。許多家庭照顧者彷彿按下生命的暫停鍵，自己角色逐漸消失在照顧路上。本研究探討畢業照顧者從照顧歷程到責任終了後，靈性關懷介入對其照顧歷程的影響。以質性研究半結構式深度訪談進行資料蒐集，研究對象為曾擔任家庭主要照顧者至少1年以上，且結束照顧責任1～3年者。共訪問6位畢業照顧者，性別各半，年齡在23～61歲之間，5位基督徒及1位一般民間信仰者。訪談大綱經專家效度確認，訪談逐字稿以紮根理論分析。結果顯示家庭照顧者的照顧價值觀及生命反思隨著照顧歷程不斷變化，照顧歷程的靈性挑戰與悲傷歷程相似。提供靈性關懷可參考3R原則。家庭照顧者內在的自我靈性照顧深深連結於個人的信仰信念或社會規範中，是重要的復原因子。建議家庭照顧者本身要能主動向外與他人連結，向內接納自我，向人與至高者敞開心靈的通道；親友對家庭照顧者的靈性關懷，需持續至其結束照顧責任後。日常主動陪伴、連結與提供必要的支援，能預防其因失落而放棄生存意志。專業助人者在提供靈性關懷時，應視家庭照顧者為獨立需被關懷的個體；本研究並提出未來研究建議。</p> <p> </p><p>Being the main family caregiver means their lives are facing major impacts, changes, and choices throughout the entire caring process. Many family caregivers seem to press the pause button of their lives, and part-take in a completely different way of life. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of spiritual care intervention on the care process of former primary family caregivers from the care process to the end of their responsibilities. Data collection was used semi-structured in-depth interviews. The subjects had taken the role as a primary family caregiver at least one year and had subsequently ended their responsibility for a minimum of one to a maximum of three years. Six former primary family caregivers were interviewed, among whose gender was equally distributed. Ages ranged from 23 to 61 years old. Five cases come from Christian background and one from traditional folk belief. The validity of the interview outline was agreed upon by experts. The interview scripts are analysed with grounded theory. The results show how care values and life reflections are constantly changing along with the care process. The spiritual challenge during of the care process is similar to the five stages of the grieving process. To provide spiritual care, one can refer to the 3R principles. The inner self-spiritual care of the family caregivers is deeply connected to the individual’s beliefs or social norms, and is an important resiliency factor. The family caregivers are encouraged to actively build connections outwardly, make peace with themselves inwardly, and open up their spirit to receive help from people and God. The spiritual care of relatives and friends for family caregivers are suggested to last beyond the end of the care. Daily active companionship, connection and provision of necessary support can prevent the caregivers from giving up their will to survive due to loss. When professional helpers provide spiritual care, they should treat family caregivers as independent individuals who need to be cared for. This research also proposes future research recommendations.</p> <p> </p>

Healthcare decision-making capacity in old age: A qualitative study.

Research about decision-making capacity has been growing in the last decades. That relates to more concerns regarding patients' autonomy, and an increase in diseases that can negatively impact capacity. This research aims to: explore perceptions, legal aspects, and assessment procedures related to healthcare decision-making capacity in older adults with cognitive impairment; and study the first version of a new assessment instrument of this capacity. Nine focus groups were conducted, including healthcare, law and justice, nursing home professionals, institutionalized older adults, and dwelling older adults. Focus group discussions followed semi-structured interview scripts, specifically developed for each group. After group discussions, the assessment instrument was presented, and participants were asked to evaluate each item relevance and comprehensibility. Qualitative coding of the transcriptions was performed with resource to MAXQDA, using direct content analysis. Six primary themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: Decision-making capacity features; Abilities implied in decision-making; Factors influencing decision-making; Obstacles to decision-making; Legal aspects; and Assessment procedures. Results corroborate previous theoretical formulations of capacity. Generally, research results have implications for clinical and assessment practices, as well as preventive strategies that can improve older adult's decision-making capacity. Assessment procedures of capacity should include a thorough protocol for the assessment of cognition, functionality, depressive symptoms, and decision-making abilities. In this respect, the need for an assessment tool that can provide valid information during evaluation processes is highlighted. Concerning the strategies to promote decision-making capacity, these rely on improving older adult's health literacy and healthcare providers communication skills, as well as conduct actions to reduce stigma toward people with dementia.

Brexit, Covid and Bulgarian migrants in the UK: stay or return?

ABSTRACT Much has been written about Brexit and migration, but little from the perspective of Bulgarians in the UK. Through an online questionnaire followed by in-depth interviews, we study Bulgarians’ ‘stay’ or ‘leave’ intentions in light of Brexit and then Covid-19. Combining cross-tabulation and regression analysis of survey data and narrative analysis of interview scripts, we show how migrants’ plans are dependent on their position in the labour market and document the experiences of those who have returned. We find that stayers are more likely to be highly skilled and longer-resident in the UK. Most returns are only partially related to Brexit and are often finalized following the impact of Covid-19; family considerations are the main trigger to return. Many returnees are dissatisfied with life in Bulgaria. The article demonstrates that EU migrants’ mobility decisions post-Brexit need to be examined in relation to other contingent factors operating at various scales.

Fluoride hesitancy: A mixed methods study on decision-making about forms of fluoride.

To investigate whether professionally applied topical fluoride-hesitant caregivers are also hesitant about other forms of fluoride for their child. This was a mixed methods study of 56 caregivers hesitant about professionally applied topical fluoride for their child recruited from the University of Washington Center for Paediatric Dentistry and Seattle Children's Hospital's Odessa Brown Children's Dental Clinic. A 32-item semi-structured interview script was piloted and finalized. One-time interviews with caregivers were conducted by phone in 2019. Associations between hesitancy of topical fluoride, fluoridated water and toothpaste were assessed quantitatively via two-tailed chi-squared tests. Qualitative data were coded using an inductive approach and content analytic methods to investigate reasons for hesitancy. There were significant associations between hesitancy in all three pairwise comparisons of fluoride form (p < .01). Similar proportions of caregivers strongly or somewhat opposed fluoridated water compared with toothpaste (75% and 65%, respectively), but four times as many caregivers strongly or somewhat favoured fluoridated toothpaste compared to water for their child (25% and 7%, respectively). Concerns about harm were the most common reason caregivers opposed both fluoridated water and toothpaste. However, fluoride-hesitant caregivers reported being more comfortable with fluoridated toothpaste because amount and frequency can be controlled, and ingestion can be prevented. Professionally applied topical fluoride hesitancy is significantly associated with fluoridated water and toothpaste hesitancy, but caregivers who were hesitant about topical fluoride was more comfortable with fluoridated toothpaste than fluoridated water for their child.

Labor Use Dynamics from Family Coffee Farms of Zona Da Mata–Region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Labour is an important factor for the viability of coffee farming and other family-owned agricultural activities in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Labour shortages reflect on decision-making and the logic of agricultural management, which influences regional agricultural diversity. The objective of this work was to identify the dynamics of the labour adopted by family farmers, as well as to analyze the panorama of labour use of pluriactivity that favours agrobiodiversity. For data collection, it was applied a semi-structured interview script and visited all properties studied. The methodologies of the activity matrix and labour allocation in 25 properties were applied. The labour allocation matrices provided information and structural scenario of labour distribution for the main activities (coffee, maize, livestock, and horticulture) that occur in the properties throughout the year. The results indicate that coffee crops demand more labour from April to July, according to the harvesting and drying of fruits. Maize cultivation requires more labour from October to December, time of tillage, planting, and initial crop treatment. Activities such as livestock and vegetable production tend to require less labour; however, such demands are more constant throughout the year. Assuming that the dynamics of labour allocation follow a seasonal pattern of activities and tasks, farmers can maintain high diversification through the availability of family labour across different agricultural systems.

Adolescent Patient, Parent, and Clinician Perceptions of Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Qualitative Study.

Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is challenging for adolescent patients concurrently experiencing growth and development, changes in attitudes and social interactions, and a gradual shift toward independence. To examine the perceptions of information sharing and interpersonal communication among adolescent patients going through ACLR, their parents, and physical therapists (PTs) treating adolescent patients with ACLR. Cross-sectional study. University-affiliated sports medicine clinic. Nine adolescent patients who had recently completed physical rehabilitation after ACLR, one of their parents, and PTs who treated adolescent patients with ACLR were recruited and enrolled. Participants completed semistructured interviews. The interview scripts for patients, parents, and PTs intentionally addressed the same topics, with only minor modifications in wording as appropriate for each role. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a hybrid of deductive and inductive coding by trained members of the study team. Patients, parents, and PTs perceived that interpersonal dynamics (eg, communication, external motivation) and stakeholder knowledge (eg, understanding of the psychological consequences of injury) influenced intrapersonal experiences (eg, emotional response, intrinsic motivation) during rehabilitation after ACLR. Additionally, patients and parents indicated that a lack of information about the rehabilitation process hindered their ability to obtain additional information from the PT and surgeon. Participants from all stakeholder groups reported that orthopaedic surgeons and other members of the health care team may consider being more consistent when setting expectations, physical restrictions, and recovery timelines.

Analisis dampak sektor pariwisata bagi perekonomian warga sekitar kawasan wisata Siblarak Polanharjo Kabupaten Klaten

Tourism is one of the potential sectors that the regions can develop to establish an area with the help of the government, the community, and the private sector. Apart from impacting regional development, tourism is also expected to bring changes to the community around the tourist area. The Umbul Siblarak Tourism Area is one of the tourist areas built in Klaten Regency. This paper aims to find out the profile of the Umbul Siblarak Tourism Area and the impact of the construction of the Umbul Siblarak Tourism Area on the community, especially in the economic sector. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collected came from interview scripts, field notes, observations, and other documents. The results of this study show a positive impact arising from Siblarak tourism. The effect is the existence of business or business opportunities, increased employment or job opportunities for the surrounding community, and improve people's income due to the tourism sector. However, the emergence of the Umbul Siblarak Tourism Area also had a negative impact, namely, damage to the surrounding environment and the existence of promiscuity.