Mobile Phone Screen Research Articles

Sustainable passive radiation cooling transparent film for mobile phone protective screens

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a promising approach to address energy, environmental, and safety issues caused by global warming, with high emissivity in a transparent atmospheric window and high reflectivity in the solar spectrum. However, most demonstrations of PDRC rely mainly on complex and expensive spectral selective nanophotonic structures, requiring specialized photonic structures that are both expensive and difficult to obtain. The superiorities of low-cost, abundant resources, renewability, and high value-added biomass resources prompt Gleditsia sinensis polysaccharides (GSP) to be used in thermal emission materials to explore further the characteristics of regulating object temperature within a specific range without any external energy consumption. The three-layer thermal emission film (PDMS3PG3/t4) obtained by the scalable scraping method has high transparency, hydrophobicity (114.2°), and super flexibility. The spectral variations of non-selective PDMS3PG3/t4 (1.0 wt% GSP, 800 μm thickness) in the 3–5 μm and 8–13 μm waveband ranges were discussed in detail, and high emissivities of 69.1 % and 92.2 % were obtained, respectively. PDMS3PG3/t4 was appointed a mobile phone screen film and experimented with a 4.9 °C average temperature difference below ambient temperature, materializing prime PDRC and desiring to broaden the passive cooling technology and reduce the global energy burden.

Sunlight‐Activated Eu2+‐Doped Red Persistent Luminescence Material for Night‐Vision Signage, Anti‐Counterfeiting and Location Detection

AbstractPersistent luminescence materials have been widely studied due to their excellent optical properties. However, they can only be activated by UV light; in other words, the charging method for these phosphors is limited. In fact, materials that can continuously emit light when exposed to sunlight are highly sought after for their potential to reduce energy consumption. Warm‐colored persistent luminescence materials are particularly useful for information storage, security marking, and preventing counterfeiting. Nevertheless, creating effective warm‐color persistent luminescence materials that are activated by sunlight remains a challenging task. To address this issue, novel daylight‐activated red persistent luminescence materials, Gd3‐xCax‐0.02GaO6:0.02Eu2+ (x = 0.3 ‐ 0.7) are explored. The material can be effectively activated by sunlight under all weather conditions, as well as by bright light from indoor lamps, mobile phone screens, and any form of visible light. Moreover, it possesses excellent water resistance. The process of electron trapping and release within the material is investigated through thermoluminescence experiments, photoluminescence spectra, and persistent luminescence spectra. Importantly, this phosphor has been demonstrated for various applications, including night vision marking, anti‐counterfeiting, optical information storage, and positioning, among others.

Seeking materials from nature for interrupting eye damage: Ultraviolet to blue light blocking clear cellulose films enabled by curcumin

The harms caused by ultraviolet (UV) and blue light to eyes are attracting momentous concern due to growing exposure to artificial illumination and modern IT devices. Herein, a simple and eco-friendly adsorption approach was employed to integrate curcumin, a natural bioactive compound, into the cellulose substrate for the development of flexible and biodegradable filters capable of blocking harmful light. The curcumin/cellulose films demonstrate excellent UV-screening competence and photostability, with UV-A and UV-B screening ratios ranging from 92.8 % to 100 % and 89.2 % to 100 %, respectively. The films could block >96 % of blue light in the wavelength range of 400–500 nm. Meanwhile, the films maintain high transmittance (85.2–89.4 %) and low haze (2.0–2.7 %). The films can efficiently block blue light emanated from sunlight, light-emitting diodes, lighting systems, computer and mobile phone screens. Encouragingly, the incorporation of curcumin led to a substantial increase in the water contact angle, elevating it from 41.6 to 81.3°. Furthermore, the films exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties, biodegradability, and tensile strength in excess of 72 MPa. Therefore, these films fabricated entirely from natural resources have the potential to achieve practical applications such as food packaging and spectacle lens, especially suitable for electronic screen protectors.

Designing high performance hydrogel sensor for real-time sensing applications

Achieving high performance conductive hydrogel sensor which is capable of combining as many advantages as possible in one is highly desired to satisfy real-world tasks. To this end, novel hydrogel sensors PVA/NaDa (polyvinyl alcohol/D-Gluconic acid sodium salt) and PVA/NaLa (polyvinyl alcohol/L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt) have been successfully constructed via a facile and effective strategy. The hydrogels realize the combination of robust mechanical properties (stress, strain, elastic modulus, toughness, fatigue resistance, anti-breakage ability and recovery performance), excellent conductivity, sensitive sensitivity, rapid response capacity and high cytocompatibility. The increasing hydrogen bond cross-linking density and hydrogen bond interactions of NaDa (NaLa) with PVA are mainly responsible for significantly intensified mechanical properties of PVA/NaDa and PVA/NaLa hydrogels. Benefiting from the prominent performances, the hydrogels can be processed into flexible membrane sensors to not only effectively detect the human joint motions but also sensitively simulate manual control of the mobile phone screen for writing text, demonstrating a promising application in multifunctional intelligent robots, electronic skins, artificial intelligence and among others.

18‐1: A Super‐fast and Precise Moiré Pattern Simulation Algorithm for Improving Antenna‐on‐Display Moiré Effect

This study introduces a super‐fast and precise simulation algorithm capable of generating human‐visible moiré patterns, taking into account real structures with diverse patterns. The simulation of entire area of a mobile phone screen can be completed in less than 10 minutes, demonstrating a remarkable efficiency improvement of approximately 1200‐fold compared to traditional ray tracing method. The improvement comes from that we use a simplified method of calculating geometric areas instead of the first‐principles approach used in ray tracing. Based on the proposed algorithm, the moiré patterns ofAoD are optimized and the display quality is guaranteed.

Use of Digital Technologies: Family Perspectives on Children's Health

The increasing use of digital technologies among children and adolescents prompts concerns about their impact on development and necessitates family mediation. This study explored primary caregivers’ views on the effects of screen exposure on child health through a focus group with 20 caregivers (17 mothers and 3 grandmothers, aged 20 to 40) from an elementary school in Irecê, Bahia. Findings indicate that children’s screen time, including TV and mobile phones, often lacks proper time and content control due to caregivers’ extensive responsibilities such as remote work and household chores. Major concerns were exposure to violent games, deceptive online profiles, and potential interactions with abusers. Notable behavioral issues in children included irritability, aggression, and sleep problems. Caregivers implemented mediation strategies like setting rules, time restrictions, content filters, and discussing digital self-care. The discussion also addressed addiction mechanisms, family screen habits, gender differences in electronic device usage, and their health impacts on children. An agreement was made to limit screen use across the family, especially an hour before bedtime, aiming to enhance children’s sleep quality and thereby improve their mood and academic performance. This condensed study underscores the challenges caregivers face with children’s digital access and stresses the importance of effective mediation strategies. Enhanced parental engagement and school collaboration are crucial for fostering healthier digital habits that benefit children’s health and family well-being.

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Teknologi Ultrafiltrasi Dengan Sistem Monitoring Berbasis Internet of Things

Waste from the tofu industry is a byproduct of the tofu production process that can have negative environmental impacts if not managed properly. CV. Dapur Tahu still discharges liquid waste directly into the river, posing a potential threat of river water pollution. Although a new reservoir and waste disposal channel are under construction, there is currently no effective waste treatment facility in place. To address this issue, a tofu wastewater treatment facility utilizing filtration technology is proposed due to its simplicity of operation, durability, and high efficiency in removing organic contaminants. The technology comprises a multi-stage filtration process involving sand filters (pumice, zeolite, and activated charcoal) combined with ultrafiltration membrane technology, complemented by a monitoring system consisting of TDS, pH, and temperature sensors. The multi-stage filtration process is capable of reducing TDS levels to 160 ppm, resulting in visibly clearer wastewater compared to the initial turbid white condition. The installation of IoT-based monitoring devices in the wastewater treatment process significantly aids in real-time water quality monitoring, accessible via mobile phone screens.

Computer-generated holography with ordinary display.

We propose a method of computer-generated holography (CGH) using incoherent light emitted from a mobile phone screen. In this method, we suppose a cascade of holograms in which the first hologram is a color image displayed on the mobile phone screen. The hologram cascade is synthesized by solving an inverse problem with respect to the propagation of incoherent light. We demonstrate a three-dimensional color image reproduction using a two-layered hologram cascade composed of an iPhone and a spatial light modulator.

IJCM_355A: Sleep Hygiene Among Higher Secondary School Students in Mandya City – A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Sleep is a basic biological process and is essential for good physical well-being. Cognitive development and emotional functioning of a child also depend on good sleep quality. Adolescents tend to have poor sleep quality because of high academic pressure, excessive mobile phone screen time, interpersonal relationship etc. Adolescents with poor sleep are prone for depression, anxiety, inattention, substance abuse, impaired academic performance and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Sleep hygiene is an essential component of sleep, encompassing behavioural and environmental factors intended to promote healthy sleep. Good sleep hygiene is a predictor of sleep quality. There is a scanty knowledge and there are few studies done regarding sleep hygiene which would help to understand the factors responsible for poor sleep quality. So this study is done with the following objectives Objectives: 1) To assess quality of sleep among higher secondary school going students in Mandya city 2) To assess and correlate sleep hygiene practice with sleep quality. 3) To correlate the effect of internet addiction and sleep quality 4) To correlate the effect of Academic performance and sleep quality. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among school going students in two higher secondary schools in Mandya city between Oct 2023 to December 2023 using SQS scale, ASHS questionnaire, IAT score, APS score. Descriptive statistics like frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation has been used. Results: Mean SQS score, ASHS score, IAT total score, APS score were calculated. Correlation between SQS score and ASHS score and IAT score, APS score were done. Conclusion: More health education should be provided for the students regarding sleep hygiene, the screen time use reduction and its effects on sleep, academic performance also should be explained.

Robust hydrogel sensor with good mechanical properties, conductivity, anti-swelling ability, water tolerance and biocompatibility

Versatile PVA/SG conductive hydrogel with robust mechanical properties, high conductivity, excellent anti-swelling ability, water tolerance, biocompatibility and sensitivity can monitor human joint motions and simulate human skin for writing text on a mobile phone screen.

Detección de <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>en teléfonos móviles de estudiantes de último año de odontología

Objective: The purpose of this study was to detect the incidence of S. aureus on mobile phone screens of last-year dental students using microbiological techniques. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. 92 samples were taken from mobile phone screens, S. aureus was identified by microbiological tests: mannitol fermentation, positive reactions to deoxyribonuclease, catalase and coagulase tests. Results: 16 strains of S. aureus 16/92 (17.4%) were isolated on mobile phone screens. 100% of the strains emerged positive reactions to deoxyribonuclease, catalase and coagulase tests. Conclusions: The presence of S. aureus is evidenced in cell phone screens of senior students’ mobile phones, which represents a risk for the spread of this pathogen.

Soil moisture forecasting for precision irrigation management using real-time electricity consumption records

The installation of the smart electricity meters (SEMs) to the high-density pumping wells in the North China Plain (NCP) provided a method to control the groundwater withdraw. The record in real-time electricity consumption from SEMs also provided an alternative method to forecast soil moisture to make irrigation decisions to improve irrigation efficiency. The irrigation timing and the irrigation amount could be obtained on-line from the SEMs based on the coefficients obtained for electricity-to-water conversion (E-Wc). The real-time recordings in the irrigation timing and amounts were further used to forecast the next irrigation timing and amount based on the water rights per area of land, the lower limit of soil water contents for different crops at their different growing stages and online meteorological data. A smartphone app was developed based on this framework. The running of the app to simulate soil water contents based on the soil water balance equation was supported by databases on soil texture, crop coefficients, water rights, E-Wc and threshold soil water content values as well as the real-time collection of electricity consumption and meteorological data. The simulated real-time soil water contents were shown on the mobile phone screen and could be compared with the threshold values for making irrigation decisions for users. The accuracy in forecasting the soil water contents using the methods developed in this framework was tested under different irrigation schedules for winter wheat and summer maize during 2018–2019 and 2021–2022, and the app was tested for three locations starting from sowing winter wheat in October 2022 to April in 2023. The results showed that the app could be easily run, and precise real-time soil water contents were simulated. With the application of the pumping well renovation project in the NCP, most of the pumping wells were installed with the SEMs, and using SEMs for groundwater pumping control and irrigation decisions should be possible.

Maternal mobile phone screen time during pregnancy and children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems

The behavioral problems of children and adolescents are becoming more and more serious, and the prevalence rate is increasing year by year. The overall trend is increasing, which has become one of the important public health issues of global concern. There are many influencing factors for behavioral problems in children and adolescents, including genetic, psychosocial, family and early life environment. Among them, maternal screen exposure during pregnancy is a contributing factor that deserves attention and has practical intervention significance. This study systematically evaluated the association between maternal mobile phone screen time during pregnancy and children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, its potential biological mechanisms and relevant intervention measures, in order to create a good intrauterine environment for fetal neurodevelopment and further reduce the occurrence of children's behavioral problems.

A Mindful Alternative to Screen Time: The Short-Term Effects of a Breath-Focused Mindfulness Exercise vs. Unstructured Smartphone Screen Time on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation

Introduction: Many smartphone users spend hours daily on unstructured screen time leisure activities including social media, games, and videos. Given that many users express a desire to cut back on this habit, it is important to test the relative physiological and emotional benefits of alternative activities, such as mindfulness meditation, as daily practices for relaxation and restoration. Methods: This study tests the immediate effects of unstructured mobile phone screen time vs. practice of a brief mindful breathing meditation exercise on heart rate variability (HRV, a common measure of healthy resting physiological activity) and self-reported states of relaxation. Participants (171 female university students) were randomly assigned to 15 minutes of unstructured screen time (i.e., use phones in a manner consistent with typical daily use) or a mindfulness induction (i.e., a guided meditation recording focused on mindfulness of breathing). Results: Consistent with hypotheses, HRV showed greater increases relative to baseline in the mindfulness condition than the screen time condition (High-frequency HRV, partial η2 = .14, p < .001; Root Mean Square of Successive Differences, partial η2 = .053, p = .002). Subjective relaxation increased in both conditions (partial η2 = .47, p < .001); however, mindfulness produced greater increases in relaxation over time than unstructured screen time (partial η2 = .089, p < .001). Conclusions: Mindfulness was superior to unstructured screen time at increasing physiological and subjective markers of relaxation. Results suggest that repurposing smartphones to facilitate mindfulness practice though guided meditation apps may be a more effective method of promoting physiological and emotional well-being than more ubiquitous unstructured smartphone use.

The Home as an Infinite Screen

AbstractThe continuing digital tsunami is offering enhanced spatial opportunities for architects. The interaction of real space and virtual space can be choreographed along a spectrum that ranges from our mobile phone screens to full bodily immersion in digital reality. Architect Lucia Tahan exploits these possibilities in her design work using various methods of spatial computing. Here she takes us through some of her recent experiments and thoughts.

Simple Method Laryngoscope on Rat Intubation

Background: In research using rats as experimental animalsthat involve surgery and anesthetic procedures, it is often necessary to administer inhalation anesthetics and patency of the airway. In this condition, intubation in rats is required. Endotracheal intubation in rats is quite difficult because the size and structure of the airway is very small and smooth and there is no specific instrument designed for intubation in rats. Methods: The experimental animal used in this study was adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-350grams. The intubation equipment used is a commercially available otoscopy which has a light source and a camera that can be displayed on a mobile phone screen. The end of the otoscopy is a modified blunt-tipped plastic blade. The endotracheal tube that is used was a intravenous catheter size 16 G which was directed using an introducer made of blunt-tipped wire. The rat is positioned on its back dorsally with its head upward. Results: In this study, 32 rats were intubated. Fourteen of the 32 intubated rats were alive, awakened from anesthesia and extubation. There were no complications such as stridor or voice disturbances after this intubation procedure. The other eighteen rats were not extubated alive because this was part of the treatment in another study. Of the 32 rats that were subjected to intubation, 2 rats failed to intubate due to spasm and bradycardia. Conclusion: Methods that were given in this paper can be alternatives for rat intubation.

Multi-view stitching phase measuring deflectometry for freeform specular surface metrology.

Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) offers notable advantages for precision inspection of specular elements. Nevertheless, if confronts challenges when measuring freeform specular surfaces due to the dispersion of reflection rays from surfaces with high local slopes. Here, we propose a multi-view stitching PMD. It utilizes distinct sensors combining with a screen to capture the appearance of each region. After precisely calibrating the entire system to correct the absolute depth of each region, the appearances of all regions are precisely stitched together, reconstructing the comprehensive appearance of the surface. Through experimental setup, we measured the 3D morphology of a spherical lens with a curvature radius of 155.04 mm and a peak-to-valley (PV) value of 2.9 mm, which yielded a measurement accuracy of 5.3 µm (relative error: 0.18 %). Furthermore, we successfully measured the appearance of a curved mobile phone screen with local slopes ranging from -46.1° to 51.3°, and freeform acrylic sheet with local slopes ranging from -6.7° to 7.7° and a PV value of 5.3 mm.

Evaluating interventions for phone distracted pedestrians in a virtual reality environment

Pedestrian safety is a significant concern for transportation professionals, especially the risky behaviour of pedestrians using mobile phones, such as entering a road crossing illegally or entering the crossing with a delay. While several investigations have highlighted the significance of mobile phone distraction while walking and interventions developed to mitigate this risk, the effectiveness of such interventions remains unaddressed. This research, therefore, investigated the effects of two distraction warning strategies, in-ground flashing lights and phone app, in a simulator-based virtual reality environment (N = 26). The study was conducted with a repeated measure design where participants participated in three scenarios (two with interventions and one without) while conducting a visually distractive task on a mobile phone. Twelve road intersections in the Brisbane CBD (Australia) were replicated and equipped with in-ground flashing lights or a phone app where the mobile phone screen edge colour changes based on traffic light signalling. A control condition of no intervention was also used. Each intervention was assessed to be beneficial based on reaction time and behaviour. Results showed the reaction time while using in-ground flashing lights as an intervention to be shorter compared to the mobile phone app and the control condition. The impact of in-ground flashing lights is greater in reducing the number of intersections where pedestrians do not comply with traffic signals and undetected green cycles compared to the mobile app. However, in considering traffic lights status checks and gaze toward traffic before crossing, in the mobile phone app condition participants checked traffic lights and road traffic before crossing in more intersections than with in-ground flashing lights. This study has shown that both intervention techniques can be suitable to improve pedestrian awareness at intersections when distracted by a mobile phone. In an environment where reducing the use of mobiles is unlikely, these interventions could be implemented to decrease risky behaviours and should therefore improve pedestrians’ safety. Finally, this research highlighted that in-ground flashing lights could be an effective option to implement in the real-world and inform policymakers of the most effective intervention to implement and contribute to the development of evidence-based policies.

21st Century Language Learners' Perceptions and Expectations of Self-Directed Language Learning Apps to Enhance their Listening Skills

It is now very impressive how technology has transformed the way 21st-century learners learn and acquire new language skills through listening lessons. It was from listening to the audio that teachers played using a CD player during language lessons, to using headphones and getting the chance to listen to audio or even videos available on various online language learning platforms or mobile applications. It was from the traditional method that used pen and paper to answer listening comprehension questions to only clicking their choice of answers on the mobile phone screen. In today's world, where students' lives cannot be separated from technology, students not only have the chance to get access to millions of authentic audio and videos online from all over the world but also have the freedom and flexibility to pause, stop or replay the video according to their needs which gives the learners the freedom to control and self-direct their own learning. Self-directed learning refers to a teaching approach where students take more responsibility for their own learning and take an active role in setting their own goals, seeking out resources and materials, and evaluating their own progress. Keywords: self-directed learning, mobile applications, teaching listening skills

Visualized Analysis of Research Publications on Physical Activity among Higher Education Students

ABSTRACT Background Unhealthy lifestyle habits developed during university years could continue into adulthood. Purpose To analyze and map worldwide publications on physical activity among university students. Method A pre-validated search strategy was used to find relevant articles in the Scopus database. The study period represented three decades (1993–2022). Results The method retrieved 919 articles. More than half of the articles (n = 491; 53.4%) were published between 2019 and 2022. The International Journal of Environmental and Public Health was the most prolific, but articles published in the PLOS ONE journal were the most influential. Research on the impact of physical activity on mental health (n = 236; 25.7%) was the largest research theme, followed by that on body weight (n = 144; 15.7%). Articles on the effect of screen time and mobile phone use on physical activity received the highest number of citations, while those on physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic received the highest number of citations per year. Discussion The current study provided baseline information on the research activity on physical activity among a category of assumingly healthy individuals. Translation to Health Education Practice: University students need to be targeted to increase their engagement in physical activity.