Screening Device Research Articles

Screen Time and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Risk, Usage, and Addiction.

The relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and screen time (ST) has been extensively studied; but the evidence remains inconsistent, and a comprehensive quantitative synthesis of this association is lacking. This study aims to provide a robust quantitative assessment of the relationship between ASD and ST by consolidating and analyzing available evidence to offer a more precise understanding of this complex association. This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 statement, and applied a quality assessment tool for quantitative studies to identity best available evidence. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, covering literature published from January 1, 2006 to June 12, 2024. In total, 30 studies involving 356,666 participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed a significant association between screen exposure in preschool children and the development of ASD, with a longer duration of screen exposure correlating with an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with autism. Furthermore, autistic people tend to have longer daily screen use and are at a higher risk of screen addiction compared to non-autistic individuals. These findings emphasize the importance of limiting ST for preschoolers and autistic people. However, the level of evidence supporting these conclusions is very low. Future studies should focus on controlling for confounding factors, using more objective measures, and further investigate the relationship between screen engagement styles (active or passive), screen use patterns (screen devices and content), and ASD.

MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION (PILOT STUDY)

Currently, the prevalence of borderline mental disorders and the factors infl uencing their formation have not been suffi ciently studied. Objective is to study the prevalence of mental health disorders, internet addiction (IA) in students, in the context of digital transformation of general education for the subsequent development of preventive measures. Research methods and sampling.  tenth-graders of an educational organization in Moscow were examined. An anonymous online survey of students was conducted to identify complaints about health disorders and risk factors for the development of IA. A personalized examination of the same students by a psychiatrist followed. The online questionnaire includes the international Chen questionnaire to identify IA and The Social Media Disorder Scale to identify dependence on social networks. Nonparametric statistical methods were used. Results. It has been established that the mental health of tenth-graders is characterized by a high prevalence of neurotic disorders and somato-vegetative disorders due to intensifi cation of training and daily-prolonged use of electronic screen devices, the Internet and social networks. According to Chen’s questionnaire, data was obtained that .% of students have a propensity for Internet and .% have IA. Clinical study showed the absence of students with a set of symptoms reaching the level of addiction. In .% of students, a tendency to IA was revealed, manifested by one or more symptoms. It was found that among tenth-graders with a tendency to IA compared with peers without this tendency (.%), the prevalence of complaints about well-being disorders and certain risk factors is statistically signifi cantly higher. Conclusion. Long-term use of the Internet by students can be largely forced due to digital transformation and the intensifi cation of the educational process. The methodology for identifying Internet addiction requires further improvement, taking into account the peculiarities of teaching different contingents of adolescents.

Screen exposure status and related factors in children with epilepsy

To understand the status of screen exposure in children with epilepsy and analyze the influencing factors for screen exposure time, providing a scientific basis for managing screen exposure in these children. A convenience sampling method was used to select 275 children with epilepsy from outpatient clinics or those undergoing 24-hour electroencephalogram monitoring at two tertiary hospitals in Jinan from March to June 2023. Their parents (fathers or mothers) completed a questionnaire to collect data on screen exposure, parental screen regulation behaviors, and related information about the children and their families. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to conduct a univariate analysis of the average screen exposure time of children on school days and weekends, as well as the daily average screen exposure time. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for children whose screen exposure time exceeded the recommended guidelines (average screen exposure time on school days >1 hour or average on weekends >2 hours). The median screen exposure duration on school days was 40 minutes, while on weekends it was 120 minutes. Among the children studied, 23.1% (63/273) had average screen exposure time exceeding 1 hour on school days, and 42.5% (117/275) had average screen exposure time exceeding 2 hours on weekends. Four children experienced seizures while using screen devices. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that using screen devices shortly before sleep, lower educational levels of parents, caregivers discussing screen content with children, and longer seizure durations in children were risk factors for exceeding recommended guidelines (P<0.05). Some children with epilepsy have a screen exposure time exceeding the recommended guidelines. A longer seizure duration, lower parental education levels, and permissive digital parenting are closely associated with children's screen exposure time exceeding the recommended guidelines. Families and children exhibiting these characteristics should be prioritized for attention and health education.

A closed-loop modular multiorgan-on-chips platform for self-sustaining and tightly controlled oxygenation

To mimic physiological microenvironments in organ-on-a-chip systems, physiologically relevant parameters are required to precisely access drug metabolism. Oxygen level is a critical microenvironmental parameter to maintain cellular or tissue functions and modulate their behaviors. Current organ-on-a-chip setups are oftentimes subjected to the ambient incubator oxygen level at 21%, which is higher than most if not all physiological oxygen concentrations. Additionally, the physiological oxygen level in each tissue is different ranging from 0.5 to 13%. Here, a closed-loop modular multiorgan-on-chips platform is developed to enable not only real-time monitoring of the oxygen levels but, more importantly, tight control of them in the range of 4 to 20% across each connected microtissue-on-a-chip in the circulatory culture medium. This platform, which consists of microfluidic oxygen scavenger(s), an oxygen generator, a monitoring/controller system, and bioreactor(s), allows for independent, precise upregulation and downregulation of dissolved oxygen in the perfused culture medium to meet the physiological oxygen level in each modular microtissue compartment, as needed. Furthermore, drug studies using the platform demonstrate that the oxygen level affects drug metabolism in the parallelly connected liver, kidney, and arterial vessel microtissues without organ-organ interactions factored in. Overall, this platform can promote the performances of organ-on-a-chip devices in drug screening by providing more physiologically relevant and independently adjustable oxygen microenvironments for desired organ types on a single- or a multiorgan-on-chip(s) configuration.

AI‐Enhanced Gait Analysis Insole with Self‐Powered Triboelectric Sensors for Flatfoot Condition Detection

AbstractFlatfoot is an orthopedic malformation where the inner foot arch flattens during motion, potentially leading to chronic musculoskeletal issues. Monitoring foot conditions is essential, as existing screening methods often need more objectivity and cost‐effectiveness. This research develops an insole‐based screening device using self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as tactile sensors and Arduino hardware setup. TENG converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, offering simple fabrication, cost‐effectiveness, longevity, and high‐output power benefits. The device records the electrical output generated by foot movements via Arduino and sends data via Bluetooth to the processing tool. Machine learning algorithms employing the Random Forest Classifier process the data to detect flatfoot conditions accurately after training sessions. For data collection, 100 participants are asked to march and walk for the same duration and distance, ensuring consistent output. Analysis reveals that the insoles' middle sensors produce higher electricity levels in individuals with flatfoot, showing a uniform pressure distribution across the foot and contact in the arch area. In contrast, individuals with normal feet exert more pressure on the toe and heel foot areas. The system achieves an overall accuracy of 82%, demonstrating the insole's potential as a commercial flatfoot detection device.

Health Effects Of Using Visual Display Terminal

Screen devices are widely used office tools around the world. We are also known as Visual Display Terminal (VDTs). The use of VDT causes health hazards due to the need for high levels of attention and concentration and constant sitting work. Musculoskeletal disorders such as back pain, upper extremity disorders, eye problems, fatigue, and stress are common in VDT users. The computer is a frequently used display device, and computer vision syndrome (CVS) has emerged as a leading occupational health problem. Symptoms of CVS include dry eye, eye fatigue, blurred vision, double vision, redness in the eyes, burning and stinging sensation in the eyes, increase or decrease in tears, double vision, delay in changing focus and color perception irregularities, and deterioration in near vision. Risks arising from screened vehicles can be avoided in healthy and safe working conditions where the work center is set up correctly and breaks are taken at regular intervals. Simple measures such as exercising regularly, taking short frequent breaks, and using a screen filter are important simple interventions to prevent work-related diseases in VDT users. Since VDT use is a frequent part of our lives, we wanted to draw attention to VDT-related disorders and provide simple interventions to prevent them.

Prevalence and Correlates of Meeting Physical Activity and Screen Time Guidelines Among Children of English- and Non-English-Speaking Backgrounds in Australia.

Limited evidence suggests inequality in the prevalence of physical activity and screen time for children of non-English-speaking backgrounds (NESB). However, factors associated with these behaviours are understudied. This study identified the prevalence and correlates of meeting guidelines (physical activity, screen time and combined) among children of English-speaking backgrounds (ESB) and NESB. Participants were from the Mothers and their Children's Health Study, a sub-study of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (1973-1978 cohort). Mothers provided information on physical activity and screen time behaviours of up to three children (aged 2-12 years). Age-specific Australian guidelines were used to classify children as meeting or not meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines. Those born in a non-English-speaking country or primarily speaking a non-English language at home were classified as 'NESB'. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses accounting for family-level clustering were used for analysis. Data were from 4143 children (mean age 7.3 ± 2.9 years, 6.7% NESB). Around 17% children of NESB met physical activity guidelines (vs. 25% ESB, p = 0.002), 63% met screen time guidelines (vs. 58% ESB, p = 0.150), and 9% met combined physical activity and screen time guidelines (vs. 15% ESB, p = 0.011). Increasing age was inversely associated with meeting physical activity guidelines among children of both backgrounds (OR [95%CI]: NESB 0.81 [0.69-0.95], ESB 0.85 [0.82-0.87]). Family-level correlates (maternal education and physical activity level) were associated with meeting physical activity, screen time or combined guidelines among children of ESB only. A screen device in the child's bedroom was inversely associated with all outcomes among children of ESB. Children of NESB with a large yard at home had higher odds of meeting physical activity (4.14 [1.72-10.00]) and combined guidelines (4.48 [1.61-12.41]). Children of NESB were less likely to meet physical activity and combined guidelines. Interventions may need to be tailored based on ESB background, with children of NESB (particularly older children and those with limited outdoor space at home) being a higher priority for intervention. Future large-scale studies examining a broader range of potential correlates, including cultural factors, are warranted.

The mimesis of the on-screen interface and the essence of technology: a philosophical analysis

The work is devoted to the philosophical analysis of a number of culturological factors related primarily to visual genres and forms of culture, the subsequent impact of which on the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in the last decades of the XX – first decades of the XXI century directly or indirectly influenced the features of the functioning and appearance of the interface of screen devices in their now familiar form. The historically alternating cultural requirements for transformations of visual images in relation to their perception were investigated in diachrony. Through the analysis of visual culture, the authors consider modern technology as a unity of three components: technological, socio-cultural and anthropological. These components allow us to present the technique as an integral phenomenon for philosophical consideration. The research methodology is based on the use of empirical material from the field of modern technology development, and also includes an analysis of historical, philosophical and cultural sources related to the study of technology. When comparing the mimetic forms of traditional culture with the mimetic ways of reflecting the screen-type interface, a comparative typological approach is applied. The scientific novelty of the research lies in an attempt to compare the mimetic forms of traditional culture with the mimetic ways of reflecting the screen-type interface. By comparing these forms, the authors go out to study a broader phenomenon of modern society and culture – the phenomenon of technology. This research contributes to the development of the philosophy of technology in Russia. One of the tasks of the philosophy of technology is to study the subject of technical activity, which functions today as a new technical environment, in the context of digital and nanotechnology. Technical activity is the basis for the emergence of new knowledge about society. Technology acts as a form of materialization of ideas in practice, affects the development of technical sciences, all branches of knowledge in the modern world. Screen culture acts as a part of technical development based on the digitalization of technologies, but at the same time, it allows us to present technology as a unity of technology, man and society.

Maternal Beliefs about Screen Device Use Predict Preschool Children’s Screen Time

Maternal Beliefs about Screen Device Use Predict Preschool Children’s Screen Time

Laser-induced multi-doped graphene extended-gate field-effect transistor sensor for enhanced detection of cystatin C

In this study, we amplified the capabilities of laser-induced graphene (LIG) by developing a multi-doped LIG extended-gated field-effect transistor (EG-FET) sensor. This sensor integrates a multi-doped LIG EG electrode array as a disposable sensing component with a standard MOSFET for reusable transduction. The multi-doped LIG was synthesized using a dual-approach: initially, by using a MnCl2-doped polyimide (MnCl2-PI) film through precursor compounding, and subsequently, by employing a CO2 laser to respectively in situ generate MnO2 nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) via direct laser conversion. By incorporating the resultant multi-doped LIG (Au NPs/MnO2/LIG) as the EG electrode, we boosted its electrical efficiency and provided ideal sites for the papain immobilization. This facilitated the selective binding of protein complexes with cystatin C (Cys C), allowing for precise measurement. Notably, the sensor exhibited a robust linear correlation across a concentration range from 50 ag/μL to 0.25 ng/μL and achieved a detection limit of 50 ag/μL. These advancements not only address traditional limitations of LIG applications but also highlight the potential of LIG-based EG-FET portable devices for accurate and early screening of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Evaluation of a Self-collected Device for Human Papillomavirus Screening to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening

Evaluation of a Self-collected Device for Human Papillomavirus Screening to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening

A Low-Cost, Portable, Multi-Cancer Screening Device Based on a Ratio Fluorometry and Signal Correlation Technique.

The autofluorescence of erythrocyte porphyrins has emerged as a potential method for multi-cancer early detection (MCED). With this method's dependence on research-grade spectrofluorometers, significant improvements in instrumentation are necessary to translate its potential into clinical practice, as with any promising medical technology. To fill this gap, in this paper, we present an automated ratio porphyrin analyzer for cancer screening (ARPA-CS), a low-cost, portable, and automated instrument for MCED via the ratio fluorometry of porphyrins. The ARPA-CS aims to facilitate cancer screening in an inexpensive, rapid, non-invasive, and reasonably accurate manner for use in primary clinics or at point of care. To accomplish this, the ARPA-CS uses an ultraviolet-excited optical apparatus for ratio fluorometry that features two photodetectors for detection at 590 and 630 nm. Additionally, it incorporates a synchronous detector for the precision measurement of signals based on the Walsh-ordered Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT)w and circular shift. To estimate its single-photodetector capability, we established a linear calibration curve for the ARBA-CS exceeding four orders of magnitude with a linearity of up to 0.992 and a low detection limit of 0.296 µg/mL for riboflavin. The ARPA-CS also exhibited excellent repeatability (0.21%) and stability (0.60%). Moreover, the ratio fluorometry of three serially diluted standard solutions of riboflavin yielded a ratio of 0.4, which agrees with that expected based on the known emission spectra of riboflavin. Additionally, the ratio fluorometry of the porphyrin solution yielded a ratio of 49.82, which was ascribed to the predominant concentration of protoporphyrin IX in the brown eggshells, as confirmed in several studies. This study validates this instrument for the ratio fluorometry of porphyrins as a biomarker for MCED. Nevertheless, large and well-designed clinical trials are necessary to further elaborate more on this matter.

Comparison of a Scheimpflug imaging with other screening indices in diagnosing keratoconus and keratoconus suspect

Keratoconus (KC) is an irreversible blinding eye disease; therefore, early screening of KC suspects (KCS) is crucial for protecting patients’ quality of life. Scheimpflug imaging is a commonly used screening device in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of a Scheimpflug imaging device (Scansys) for KC and KCS and compared it with other Scheimpflug-based devices (Pentacam and Corvis ST). This prospective case-control study included 107 normal eyes, 72 KCS, and 57 KC. Scansys screening index Keratoconus probability (KCP) showed excellent performance in diagnosing KC at a cutoff value of 16.4 (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] = 1.000), with 100% sensitivity and 98.11% specificity. KCP had a better KCS diagnostic ability at a cutoff value of 8.9 (AUROC = 0.813) than Corvis biomechanical index (CBI, AUROC = 0.764), reaching 67.61% sensitivity and 85.85% specificity. Pentacam screening index Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display deviation (BAD-D) showed the best performance with 92.96% sensitivity and 89.62% specificity at a cutoff value of 1.525 (AUROC = 0.970) in diagnosing KCS. Scansys provides accurate KCP parameters in diagnosing KC; however, the efficiency of diagnosing KCS should be further optimized.

Implementation of home OSAHS screening device based on sleep sounds

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a common chronic sleeping respiratory condition. Screening for OSAHS approaches based on sleep breathing sounds has received much attention since it can provide fully noncontact monitoring at home. Deploying a diagnostic sound-based OSAHS system on a smartphone not only interferes with regular phone use but may also pose privacy problems, as well as suffer from decreasing accuracy owing to device variances. This work describes a local OSAHS monitoring system implementation designed for a dedicated device to estimate the apnea-hypopnea index and screening for OSAHS while doing away with concerns about the abovementioned issue. The OSAHS screening system is deployed on a Kendryte K510 (Canaan Inc.), a low-power RISC-V 64-bit CPU that has 2.5 TFLOPS, to analyze sleep breath sounds in a 9-s window. The design results are relatively low-cost and efficient for screening severe OSAHS. The equipment can be further used as a platform to evaluate the performance of the OSAHS diagnosis model.

It's All in the Touch: Authenticating Users With HOST Gestures on Multi-Touch Screen Devices

It's All in the Touch: Authenticating Users With HOST Gestures on Multi-Touch Screen Devices

White analytical chemistry evaluation of medicines quality screening devices in low- and middle-income countries field settings

Addressing the quality of circulating medicines in low- and middle-Income countries is challenging due to limited access to affordable and rapid laboratory analyses. Moreover, traditional analytical methods generate hazardous waste, posing further environmental and health risks, conflicting with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, such as reducing pollution and conserving ecosystems.In response to these environmental challenges, the concept of green analytical chemistry emerged promoting environmentally friendly practices through principles such as reducing chemical use, minimizing energy consumption, and managing waste. Various green metric tools have been developed to assess the environmental impact of analytical methods, but these often neglect the reliability and applicability of the methods. To address this gap, approaches like White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) have been proposed, integrating criteria for environmental safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. WAC's principles are categorized into red (fitness for purpose), green (environmental safety), and blue (cost-efficiency) criteria.This study aims to use the WAC approach to provide a holistic comparison of different medicines' quality screening devices, helping developing countries with high SF medicine prevalence make informed choices. Three different situations are investigated: ex-ante evaluation, ex-post evaluation of the qualitative performances and ex-post evaluation of the quantitative performances of the most used medicines’ quality screening devices in low- and middle-income countries field settings.

Screen Time and its Determinants in Infants and Toddlers: Results from a Metropolitan Area of Istanbul

Objective: This cross sectional study aimed to assess screen time and associated factors in infants and toddlers under the age of 3 years in a metropolitan area. Method: Data were collected from 269 mothers registered in a family health center using a questionnaire. The questionnaire examines the demographic characteristics of families, the time spent by infants and toddlers with screen devices, and factors that may affect screen time, such as income status, education level and resources. Results: Three-quarters of infants and toddlers in this sample used screen devices (n=202, 75.1%). Total screen time ranged from 20 to 270 min/day, with a mean of 101.8±56.2 min/day. Infants and toddlers spent an average of 71.9 min/day watching television, 63.1 min/day using tablets, and 36.85 min/day using mobile phones. Total daily screen time exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in 36.3% of infants aged 0-12 months, 84.3% of toddlers aged 13-24 months, and 49.4% of toddlers aged 25-36 months. Age of infant and toddler, maternal education level, and family income were identified as factors associated with risky screen exposure. Conclusion: Families can be educated about the potential consequences of screen time and strategies to reduce screen use. In trainings, families in the risk group should be given priority in terms of factors affecting screen time such as income status, education level and age.

Preschool-aged children 24-hour movement behaviours before and during COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected health, economies, and lifestyles, but little is known about its impact on children. We aimed to investigate changes in 24-hour (h) movement behaviours of pre-school children before and during COVID-19, and factors that influenced these. Children aged 3–6 years were recruited in Beijing in 2019, and their movement behaviours over 24 ​h assessed by questionnaire, as part of the International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE) study. We conducted the survey again during COVID-19, and compared the children’s movement behaviours before and during COVID-19 and associated factors. Overall, 196 parents completed the survey at both time points. The percentage of children meeting movement guidelines decreased during the pandemic (p ​< ​0.01). Total physical activity decreased less among children getting good quality sleep or with more adults in the household (p ​< ​0.01). Children who were not cared for primarily by their mother had a greater decrease in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (p ​= ​0.02), but the decrease was smaller among children whose parents used the internet to support their physical activity and/or screen time (p ​< ​0.05). Children who used electronic screen devices in the 2 ​h before bedtime or whose parents reported body temperature in webchats had a greater increase in sedentary screen time (p ​< ​0.05). Children spending more time outdoors showed a smaller decrease in sleep (p ​< ​0.01). Overall, children’s movement behaviours changed significantly during the pandemic.

Validation of a Microfluidic Device Prototype for Cancer Detection and Identification: Circulating Tumor Cells Classification Based on Cell Trajectory Analysis Leveraging Cell-Based Modeling and Machine Learning.

Microfluidic devices (MDs) present a novel method for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enhancing the process through targeted techniques and visual inspection. However, current approaches often yield heterogeneous CTC populations, necessitating additional processing for comprehensive analysis and phenotype identification. These procedures are often expensive, time-consuming, and need to be performed by skilled technicians. In this study, we investigate the potential of a cost-effective and efficient hyperuniform micropost MD approach for CTC classification. Our approach combines mathematical modeling of fluid-structure interactions in a simulated microfluidic channel with machine learning techniques. Specifically, we developed a cell-based modeling framework to assess CTC dynamics in erythrocyte-laden plasma flow, generating a large dataset of CTC trajectories that account for two distinct CTC phenotypes. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) were then employed to analyze the dataset and classify these phenotypes. The results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of the hyperuniform micropost MD design and analysis approach in distinguishing between different CTC phenotypes based on cell trajectory, offering a promising avenue for early cancer detection.

A stepped vibrating screening device with a crushing function based on the difference in tuber-soil aggregate breakage behaviour

To increase the difference in the particle size distribution of root tuber and soil aggregates and further promote the segregation effect of the binary mixture under external force. The present study investigates the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii (BFT) as the research subject. Initially, static compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted on BFT and soil aggregates. Subsequently, a breakage model of BFT and soil aggregates was established based on the Tavares UFRJ Breakage Model, and the accuracy of the breakage model and mechanical parameters was verified. Lastly, the optimal structural and operating parameters of the screening device with a crushing function were determined through single-factor testing and multi-objective optimization. The results indicate that the breakage resistance of BFT was significantly higher than that of soil aggregates, as evident from the differences in fracture energy and damage parameters. Furthermore, the optimal operating parameters of the new vibrating screen were determined by maximizing the soil aggregate breakage rate and minimizing the BFT breakage rate.