The effect of temperature on the impact characteristics of the ring chain under different working conditions was investigated with ABAQUS simulation, the curves were fitted with MATLAB, and the results were experimentally verified. The temperature has little effect on minimum steady-state stress. The friction energy dissipation has three polynomial temperature relations under heavy-load start-up, and its dissipation does not vary at fluctuating loads. Under two working conditions, the plastic energy dissipation and internal energy increase linearly with temperature; at abrupt load variations, those energies increase with the tendency to stabilization. This method is of great significance for improving the initial characteristics of a scraper conveyor, variable-load operations, and design optimization of the ring chain.