Pretest Scores Research Articles

Pengembangan Media Layanan Berbasis Aplikasi Android Tentang Informasi Studi Lanjut pada Siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta

This study aims to develop an Android application-based service media called INSTULA that provides information related to further study to grade IX students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta. Further study information is defined as a collection of data, knowledge, and guidance that helps students understand and choose further education paths according to their potential, interests, talents, and future career prospects. This application contains features such as types of secondary schools (SMA, SMK, MA), interests, simple aptitude tests, and job prospects. The research model used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg and Gall approach which is carried out up to the seventh stage, namely product revision. The development process involves validation by material experts, media experts, and service experts. The total results of the expert assessment showed an average score of 90.7 out of 100, with the category "very good." The assessment includes aspects of material, media, and service quality that are declared suitable for use for further study guidance. Based on the results of the Paired Samples t-test conducted to compare the results of the pre-test and post-test, a significant difference was found between the two scores. Descriptively, the average pre-test score was 14.36 with a standard deviation of 2.49, while the average post-test score increased to 18.97 with a standard deviation of 2.02. This average increase indicates a positive effect after the intervention. This increase indicates that the application is effective in supporting students' understanding of further study information. The INSTULA application is declared suitable for use as an innovative media in classical guidance services. This media supports students in exploring further education with an interactive and easily accessible approach, helping them make better educational decisions according to their needs and potential.

The effect of python programming language teaching on 7th grade students programming self-efficacy skills

This study aimed to investigate the impact of teaching the Python programming language on the programming self-efficacy of 7th-grade students. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest model. The study sample consisted of 10 students enrolled in the 7th grade at a public school located in a rural district of northern Turkey during the spring semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. These students attended a school affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. The study group was selected using the convenience sampling method, a type of purposive sampling. Data for this research was collected using the Programming Self-Efficacy Scale for Secondary School Students, developed by Kukul, Gökçearslan, and Günbatar (2017). The collected data were analyzed using the Jamovi software. To assess the suitability of the data for normal distribution, skewness and kurtosis coefficients, as well as Shapiro-Wilk test values (a normality test), were examined, alongside an inspection of histogram plots. The results indicated that the data were normally distributed with respect to both research questions. For the first research question, a paired sample t-test was conducted to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. The analysis revealed that Python instruction did not have a significant effect on the programming self-efficacy of the 7th-grade students. Regarding the second research question, the homogeneity of the data was assessed. Levene's test for equality of variances was performed, confirming that the assumption of homogeneity was met. Consequently, independent sample t-tests were conducted to examine the significance of the difference in pre-test and post-test scores based on gender. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in programming self-efficacy scores between male and female students.

Effectiveness Of Yoga Therapy For Relief Of Dysmenorrhoea Among Adolescents Of A Selected High School In Mangalore

Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. These are the formative years when maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioural changes takes place1 . The adolescent years constitute a period when girls are vulnerable to the development of menstrual dysfunctions. The common menstrual cycle problems are dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, pre-menstrual syndrome and irregular menstruation. Dysmenorrhoea is by far the most common and addressed complaint2 . The management of dysmenorrhoea is multifaceted and depends on the severity of the problem. It is necessary that the adolescents be educated regarding alternatives for alleviating menstrual discomfort3 . Yoga is one of the simple, cost effective and natural method. Yoga, by its nature is easier for children to learn than adults because their bodies are closer to the natural stage. Hence the researcher felt the need to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga therapy for the relief of dysmenorrhoea among adolescents of selected high schools in Mangalore. Objectives: • To determine the severity of dysmenorrhoea among adolescents in the experimental and control group as measured by dysmenorrhoea assessment scale. • To evaluate the effectiveness of Yoga therapy in the experimental group • To compare the severity of dysmenorrhoea between experimental and control group. Methodology: An evaluative research approach with quasi-experimental design was used for the study. The study was carried out in a selected high school at Mangalore after obtaining written permission from the school authorities. The sample comprised of 40 adolescents in the age group of 12 to 16 years selected by purposive sampling technique. Pre-test data was conducted by administering dysmenorrhoea assessment scale to both the experimental and control group. The second day onwards yoga therapy was taught to the experimental group 45 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks prior to the next menstruation. Post-test was conducted after their next menstruation in both groups using same dysmenorrhea assessment scale. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that majority of sample in the experimental group (55%) and in control group (65%) had 4 – 5 days of menstruation. In the experimental group most (95%) of the sample in the pre-test had moderate pain and 5% had severe pain whereas, in the post-test 80% of sample had mild pain and only 20% moderate pain. The pre and post-test data of control group depicted that the entire sample had moderate pain consistently. The mean post-test dysmenorrhoea score (19.1) was lower than the mean pre-test dysmenorrhoea score (28.95) in the experimental group. The mean post-test dysmenorrhoea score (26.5) was almost similar to the mean pre-test dysmenorrhoea score (27.25) in the control group. The findings showed a significant difference in the mean dysmenorrhoea score (t19= 8.249, p< 0.05) and symptoms experienced during painful menstruation (t19= 6.496, p<0.05) in the experimental group before and after giving yoga therapy. The significant difference in the dysmenorrhoea score was also observed between experimental and the control group (t38= 7.581, p<0.05). Conclusion: From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that majority of the sample experienced moderate dysmenorrhoea. Yoga therapy was effective in reducing the severity of dysmenorrhoea in the experimental group

The effect of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) on apathy, loneliness, anxiety and activities of daily living in older people with Alzheimer’s disease: randomized control study

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the effect of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) on apathy, loneliness, anxiety, and activities of daily living of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Method The study was conducted in a daily care center between January 2023 and January 2024 in a randomized control study. A total of 52 people, 26 intervention and 26 control groups, were enrolled in the study and formed the sample of the study. Demographic Information Form, Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-C), Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), UCLA Loneliness Scale Short Form (UCLA-SF), and Functional Impairment in Dementia Scale (DAD) were used in the study. Results After the intervention, it was found that the intervention group’s levels of apathy, loneliness and anxiety were significantly reduced compared to the control group. In the intra-group comparisons, it was found that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the AES-C, UCLA-SF, GAS of the individuals in the intervention group after the application of CST, and between the pre-test and pre-test scores of the DAD (p < 0.05). Conclusion CST was found to be effective in reducing apathy, loneliness and anxiety levels and increasing daily living activities in older people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Peningkatan Kesadaran Keterlambatan Bahasa dan Bicara pada Anak Melalui Penyuluhan di Desa Jaten, Karangnyar

Background: Language and speech delay in children is one of the developmental problems often encountered in early childhood. Language and speech are important aspects of child development as they serve as a means of communication, learning and social interaction. According to research, about 5-10% of preschool-aged children experience language and speech delays. These delays can have a long-term impact on children's academic, emotional, and social abilities if not treated properly. Objectives: To increase awareness of language and speech delays in children. Methods: Collaborative approach in the form of counseling and Focus Group Discussion. Results: The p-value of 0.000 indicates that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. Conclusion: Through increased awareness, it is hoped that the prevalence of language and speech delays can be reduced, so that children have a better chance of achieving their maximum potential, both in academic and social aspects. Keywords: Awareness Raising, Language, Speech, Awareness Raising

Evaluation of the impact of family-centered care training on pediatric nurses' attitudes.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of structured Family-Centered Care training on pediatric nurses' attitudes toward Family-Centered Care. This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest control group design with 140 pediatric nurses (70 intervention, 70 control). Conducted in public hospitals from March to August 2024, the intervention group received a four-week Family-Centered Care training. The Family-Centered Care Attitude Scale was used to measure attitudes, and data collection included a demographic data form administered both before the training and six weeks after its completion. Statistical analysis included t-tests and chi-square tests. Nurses in the intervention group showed significant improvement in their attitudes toward Family-Centered Care after training, with higher posttest scores compared to the control group (P<0.05). The control group showed no significant changes between pretest and posttest scores. These findings confirmed the hypothesis that Family-Centered Care training positively influences pediatric nurses' attitudes. Structured Family-Centered Care training significantly improved pediatric nurses' attitudes toward Family-Centered Care, emphasizing the importance of innovative educational methods in promoting Family-Centered Care adoption in pediatric nursing. Incorporating regular Family-Centered Care training into pediatric nursing practices can foster more Family-Centered Care approaches, improve patient and family satisfaction, and promote nurses' professional growth, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of care in pediatric settings.

Improving ecological footprint awareness of primary school students

The aim of this study is to improve primary school students' ecological footprint awareness through ecological footprint-based activities. The research was conducted in accordance with the quantitative research method and a quasi-experimental design with pre-post test experimental-control group was used in the research. The criterion sampling method was used to determine the study group for the experimental process, and 26 students (N experimental=13; N control=13) studying in the fourth grade of a public school in the Central Anatolia Region were included in the study. In the study, the Ecological Footprint Awareness Scale was applied as pretest-posttest. The process took place in science classes in both groups. While the courses were curriculum-based in the control group, ecological footprint-based activities were organized in the experimental group. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and dependent groups t-test, and the effect size ([ή2]) was calculated according to the variances. As a result of the research, when the ecological footprint awareness pre-test mean scores of primary school students were controlled, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the ecological footprint awareness post-test mean scores of primary school students in which the activity process took place, and the ecological footprint awareness post-test mean scores of primary school students in which the activities did not take place. It was evaluated that 45% of the variance related to the post-test mean scores was due to the activity process applied. While teaching courses with ecological footprint-based activities applied in the experimental group significantly increased the mean scores of primary school students' ecological footprint awareness with a medium effect, teaching curriculum-based courses did not significantly increase the mean scores of primary school students' ecological footprint awareness attitude. It should be considered important to present topics such as ecological footprint, carbon footprint or water footprint calculations to students depending on the concept of sustainability to be integrated into primary school curriculum programs and to focus on in-class and out-of-class activities.

Effects of Suryanamaskara and Sheetali Pranayama on College Students Aggression: A Prospective Interventional Study

Introduction: Students today face a more fast-paced and demanding lifestyle due to heavy workloads and hectic schedules. By using the potential of Suryanamaskara, a dynamic sequence of yoga postures known for its energising and calming effects, along with Sheetali Pranayama, a cooling breathing technique that promotes relaxation and reduces stress, this study contributes to the growing body of research on non pharmacological interventions for emotional regulation in adults. The focus of this research is the effects of Suryanamaskara and Sheetali Pranayama on reducing aggression levels in college students. Aim: To investigate the effects of Suryanamaskara and Sheetali Pranayama in reducing aggression levels in college students. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study employed a stratified purposive random sampling design to evaluate the efficacy of Suryanamaskara and Sheetali Pranayama in reducing aggression levels among college students. Voluntary participants were initially screened using the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and those who exhibited high aggression scores were selected for the intervention training programme. A total of 54 participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Group 1 underwent a Suryanamaskara intervention, while Group 2 engaged in Sheetali Pranayama, both incorporating Sukshma Vyayama and a cooling down period within the framework. Intervention sessions lasted 45 minutes, five days a week, for 10 weeks. Aggression levels were assessed preand postintervention and paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The findings of this study demonstrate a significant reduction in aggression levels among college students following a 10 week yoga intervention programme, with the mean difference in aggression scores between pre- and postintervention being 14.40 for the Suryanamaskara group and 17.29 for the Sheetali Pranayama group, indicating a decrease in aggression levels. Both the Suryanamaskara and Sheetali Pranayama groups exhibited notable improvements in aggression scores as measured by the Buss and Perry AQ. However, a comparative analysis using independent sample t-tests and effect size showed that the pretest t-statistics were -1.59 (p-value=0.11) and for the post-test t-statistics were -1.16 (p-value=0.24), revealing no significant differences between the groups for either pretest or post-test scores (p-value&gt;0.05). Conclusion: This experimental study demonstrated a significant reduction in aggression levels among college students following a 10-week intervention with either Suryanamaskara or Sheetali Pranayama programmes. A comparative analysis revealed equivalent changes in aggression levels between the two groups, indicating that both yogic interventions were equally effective in reducing aggression in college students.

Comparing two online learning activities addressing interprofessional approach on health science students’ attitudes towards teamwork

BackgroundPhysical distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the transition from in-person to online learning for many health sciences educators. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two online learning activities addressing interprofessional teamwork on health science students’ attitudes towards teamwork. MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized quasi-experimental study. The nursing (n = 30), physiotherapy and rehabilitation (n = 30), and nutrition-dietetics (n = 30) students were assigned to either online standardized patient simulation (n = 45) or online case analysis (n = 45) groups. Students’ attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork were collected pre- and post-test evaluation using the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ). ResultsNo significant differences were found between T-TAQ mean scores prior the intervention (p > .05). However, following the intervention, whilst the T-TAQ mean scores were not found to be statistically significant between the two groups (p > .05), the students’ pretest and posttest T-TAQ mean scores did show a statistically significant difference (p < .05). ConclusionWe found online learning activities to be a successful alternative to physical interprofesional education activities and a worthwhile opportunity to develop health science students to interprofesional teamwork.

Improving uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination in a homeless population: mixed-methods evaluation of community health worker-led education in a shelter

ObjectivesAccess to healthcare and accurate health information is a persistent issue for people experiencing homelessness (PEH), one heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated by issues of health literacy and...

Endoscopic and microscopic video modules are effective for teaching middle ear anatomy.

To evaluate the efficacy of video modules in improving trainees' objective knowledge of middle ear anatomy and to compare the efficacy of using the endoscope to the microscope in video modules. Medical students and residents were recruited. Two videos reviewing middle ear anatomy were developed. One video was recorded using an endoscope and the other using a microscope. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the endoscopic or microscopic video module group. A 20-question knowledge assessment designed to assess understanding of anatomic concepts was administered to all subjects prior to the intervention. After completing the endoscopic or microscopic video modules, subjects were administered the same knowledge assessment. Of the 62 subjects recruited, 32 were randomized to the endoscope group and 30 to the microscope group. Eleven subjects completed all components of the assessment in the endoscope group and nine in the microscope group. Subjects in the endoscope group demonstrated a mean 12.3% increase in assessment scores (SD 9.1%, p = .0008), compared to a mean 11.7% increase in assessment scores in the microscope group (SD 9.4%, p = .0002). When controlling for pretest scores, there was no significant difference in posttest performance between the two groups. Brief video modules effectively improved objective short-term knowledge of middle ear anatomy. Although both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge, there was no significant difference in the educational utility of endoscopic videos compared to microscopic videos. Further studies with larger sample sizes may help quantify which modalities are optimal for teaching. NA.

Effect of Trataka Yoga on Self efficacy of Secondary School Students

The true experimental research aimed to study the effect of Tartaka on self efficacy of secondary school students of Juria Higher Secondary School, Nagaon, Assam. The samples considered of 62 students from class XIth and were assigned into experimental group and Control group by using simple random sampling method. There were 31 students in experimental group (31-Experimental group and 31-Control group). Tartaka was practiced by experimental groups only for 5 weeks and Control group did not practice any experiment. The findings of the study found that there is no significant difference between pre-test score of Control group and Experimental group before practice Trataka and there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test score of Control group. The findings of the study also found that there was significant difference between post-test score of Control group and Experimental group before practice Trataka and there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test score of experimental group.

A study to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction among the undergraduate students in selected colleges in Udupi

Methods: An evaluative approach with pre-experimental, one group pretest posttest design research design, were used to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction among undergraduate students. In the view of nature of the problem and accomplish the objectives of the study, a structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge among undergraduate students regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in field of Nursing and Medicine. The pilot study was conducted from 7/6/23 to 14/6/23 after obtaining permission from Dr. G Shankar Government Women’s First Grade College, Udupi. The final study was conducted from 17/6/23 to 24/6/23 after obtaining permission from the authority of Poornaprajna College, Udupi. Subjects were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The researcher introduced self to the subjects and purpose of the study was explained. She obtained written consent from those who were willing to participate in the study. Instructions were given and the tool was administered. Pretest was conducted on 17/6/23 at 9.00 am onwards. Time to conduct pre test was about 35 mts and on the same day informational booklet was given. The respondents were thanked at the end of the class. Post test was conducted on 24/6/23. Results: The mean post-test knowledge scores 28, is higher than mean pre-test knowledge scores 11.5. The computed value 22.59 (p &lt;0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference between the pretest and post-test mean knowledge scores 16.5. Hence, hypothesis H1 is accepted. This indicates that the informational booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge scores on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction.The chi square value of like variable such as age, gender, religion, class of study, dietary pattern, area of residence, previous information and source of information at 0.05 level of significance does not show any significant association. Hence, the hypothesis H2 is rejected. Interpretation and conclusion: The study revealed that during pretest majority 83 (83%) undergraduate students had poor knowledge level, 17 (17%) had moderate knowledge on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. During posttest majority of 49 (49%) gained excellent knowledge, 48 (48%) got good knowledge and 3 (3%) undergraduate students gained moderate knowledge. This indicates that the informational booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge scores on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. There was no statistically significant association found between knowledge score and demographic variables.

Small-scale and Smartphone-based Colorimetric Experiments to Enhance Grade-11 Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Chemical Equilibrium

This study aimed to examine the conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium among 11th-grade students using the 5E inquiry learning framework, in which the students were requested to conduct the small-scale experiments on chemical equilibrium and factors influencing the equilibrium and the smartphone-based colorimetric determination of Kc. Data collection was conducted through a two-tier diagnostic conceptual test and semi-structured interviews. Thirty-one students participated in three 2-hour 5E learning sessions, totaling 6 hours. A paired-samples t-test revealed that the post-conceptual test scores (mean 31.46, S.D. 6.82, 69.91%) were significantly higher than the pre-test scores (mean 11.85, S.D. 10.80, 26.33%) at a significance level of 0.05, with a normalized gain of 0.59, indicating a medium improvement. Most students progressed from the less accurate category, Partial Understanding with Specific Misunderstanding (PMU, 42.39%), to a more accurate category, Partial Understanding (45.38%). Semi-structured interviews suggested that the 5E inquiry approach, using small-scale and smartphone-based colorimetric experiments, was both engaging and effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding. This intervention successfully helped students shift their understanding of chemical reactions towards more accurate categories.

Pengembangan dan Pengolahan Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Dengan Kombinasi Sayuran Lokal yang Berpotensi Mencegah dan Mengendalikan Stunting pada Masyarakat Desa Bakipandeyan

Stunting is the condition of toddlers who experience failure to grow or have a body condition that is shorter than their age standard due to malnutrition, inadequate recurrent infections in the first 1,000 days of life. Bakipandeyan Village, Baki, Sukoharjo is one of the assisted villages that pays attention to the prevention and control of stunting. This encourages the holding of community service activities aimed at preventing and controlling stunting in children aged 0-24 months. This activity program uses seminar and workshop methods directly to mothers with children aged 0-24 months, health workers, and PKK cadres by considering the status of stunting and malnutrition in the Bakipandeyan village area, Baki, Sukoharjo. The results of community service showed an increase in participants' knowledge which was evaluated through an average increase in pretest scores from 79.77 to 93.86 at posttest as well as an increase in participants' skills in workshop activities. The results of the partner satisfaction questionnaire showed that people who gave good to very good appreciation reached 95%, so this activity was appropriate, satisfying and accepted by the people of Bakipandeyan Village, Baki, Sukoharjo.

Capacity Building Of Residents In Utilizing Family Medicinal Plants As An Alternative To Self-Medication

The utilization of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) as an alternative for self-medication has the potential to improve community health and well-being. This community service program aimed to enhance the capacity of residents in Penyengat Rendah Village in utilizing TOGA. The program involved training, mentoring, and the provision of simple technologies to support the effective cultivation and processing of medicinal plants. The results showed a significant increase in residents' knowledge and skills, with the average score increasing from 48 in the pre-test to 90 in the post-test (p &lt; 0.001). The effect size (d = 2.3) indicated a substantial impact of the intervention on participants' knowledge improvement. Regression analysis revealed that the pre-test score only explained 10.71% of the post-test score variance, suggesting the influence of other factors on learning outcomes. The application of relevant technologies, such as drying racks and digital education platforms, contributed to the program's effectiveness. Through active community participation and appropriate technology, this program has the potential to become a sustainable health solution and economic resource. Further development of the program is recommended, including advanced processing techniques, the formation of TOGA communities, and collaboration with local markets to enhance the economic value of TOGA products.

Using the Hamburger Model to Enhance Paragraph Writing Performance for 6th graders at a secondary school in Thai Nguyen

Writing has remained a relatively challenging skill in English language teaching and learning for many learners, including the Vietnamese. This study aims to improve the paragraph writing performance of 6th graders at a lower secondary school in a northern city of Vietnam by incorporating the Hamburger Model in writing lessons. 40 students were selected as the participants, who applied the Hamburger Model for their paragraph writing. Tests and questionnaires were used as the two main data collection tools to assess the extent of improvement in students’ writing skills, and examine their attitudes toward the use of the Hamburger Model for paragraph writing. The findings revealed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, demonstrating substantial improvement after the model's implementation. Additionally, students displayed increased confidence in their writing abilities, highlighting the effectiveness of the Hamburger Model in enhancing writing competence.

Boosting Reading Comprehension Performance: The Impact of Metacognitive Reading Strategies on Grade 11 Students

This study investigates the impact of metacognitive reading strategies on enhancing the reading comprehension of Grade 11 HUMSS students in the Reading and Writing Skills subject at i-Link College of Science and Technology in SY 2023-2024. Using an explanatory sequential research design over four weeks, strategies such as SQ3R, inferring and predicting, visualizing, and summarizing were applied. Pretest and posttest scores were analyzed, revealing significant improvement (p=0.00) with a large effect size (d=0.82). Focus Group Discussion highlighted seven themes, including confidence, engagement, and self-efficacy. A joint display confirmed alignment between quantitative and qualitative findings, indicating that metacognitive strategies effectively boost reading comprehension and academic performance, offering a promising approach for pedagogical enhancement.

THE USE OF BLENDED LEARNING MODEL APPROACH THROUGH “SHANBAY” APPLICATION TO IMPROVE ENGLISH VOCABULARY SKILL AMONG GRADE 8 CHINESE STUDENTS

The quasi-experimental study focused on investigating the English vocabulary skill of Chinese grade 8 students before and after the use of Blended Learning Model (BLM) via the "Shanbay" application. The study also aimed to examine their learning satisfaction with this approach. The research participants consisted of 30 grade 8 students in Shandong, China. We collected quantitative data through vocabulary skill tests (pre-test and post-test) and a questionnaire survey. We analyzed these data using statistical measures such as the paired sample t-test, mean, and standard deviation, maintaining a significance level of less than 0.05. The results of the vocabulary skill test indicated that there was a significant improvement in the vocabulary skill of grade 8 students after they implemented the BLM through the "Shanbay" application, with a pre-test mean score of 37.37 (out of 60), a post-test mean score of 46.60, a mean difference of 9.23, and a significance value of 0.01. Additionally, the questionnaire results showed that students expressed high satisfaction with the use of BLM through the "Shanbay" application in their vocabulary classes. Therefore, the findings suggested that implementing the BLM through the "Shanbay" application effectively enhanced the students' vocabulary skills.

Pengembangan Literasi Energi Terbarukan Melalui Edukasi Teknologi PLTS pada Siswa MTS Negeri 1 Mataram

Renewable energy knowledge continues to be implemented by the University of Mataram. Community service activities, especially segmentation of the younger generation, are concentrated in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs). This activity plays an important role in increasing the awareness of the younger generation about sustainable energy and environmentally friendly technology. The community service carried out at MTs Negeri 1 Mataram aims to increase students' understanding of renewable energy, especially solar energy, through interactive socialization and education activities. The evaluation of the results of the activity using pre-test and post-test showed a significant increase in student knowledge. The average pre-test score of 68.20 increased to 85.75 after participating in the education program, reflecting the effectiveness of the approach used. These results confirm the importance of integrating materials on renewable energy in the school curriculum, so that students can understand and actively contribute to maintaining environmental sustainability in the future.