Scope Of Planning Research Articles

How Did We Organize a Patient Blood Management Outpatient Anemia Unit at Our Hospital?

Dear Editor, Preoperative anemia is a common condition among surgical patients. Its prevalence can reach up to 75%, depending on comorbidity, gender, age, and the underlying pathology necessitating surgery (1). Anemia and transfusion have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in surgical patients, and the systematic application of a patient blood management (PBM) program in the perioperative period has consistently been found to improve patients’ clinical outcomes following surgery (2,3). PBM is an evidence-based, multimodal, multidisciplinary approach adopted to limit the use of and the need for allogeneic blood transfusions in all at-risk patients, to improve their clinical outcomes (4,5). PBM has three main objectives: improving red cell mass, minimizing blood loss, and optimizing the tolerance of anemia (6). Anemia management is an important principle of PBM. Therefore, to manage preoperative anemia treatment, we organized a specific outpatient anemia unit. Within the scope of planning, we sought answers to three questions: - Which department(s) will manage the anemia outpatient clinic? - Which department(s) will manage the detection of patients with preoperative anemia and their referrals to the outpatient clinic? - Which departments will be required to cooperate in the management of patients with anemia? Patients with anemia who were evaluated preoperatively by the anesthesia and reanimation clinic were referred to the anemia outpatient clinic opened within the family medicine clinic. The first evaluation was conducted in this outpatient clinic. Patients with iron deficiency anemia were treated after evaluation; those who required further examination and treatment were referred to the hematology clinic. A PBM outpatient anemia unit was established on January 17, 2022, at Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital. This is the first PBM outpatient anemia unit in the world. Patients with iron deficiency who are scheduled for elective surgery are referred to this unit during the preoperative period. After oral or intravenous iron treatment, their hemoglobin levels are optimized, and then their surgeries are performed. In this way, the need for blood transfusions during surgery and transfusion-related complications are reduced. At the same time, this unit plays an active role in patient follow-up during the post-surgical period. PBM is teamwork, and we believe that it would be helpful to collaborate with hematology, family medicine, anesthesiology, and surgery specialists to organize the PBM outpatient unit. It may be beneficial to establish PBM outpatient anemia units so that anemia management can be carried out regularly by a single source in hospitals. Keywords: anemia, patient care management, blood, preoperative period, iron deficiencies

Resilience Action Planning for Epidemic and Disaster: Resilient Neighborhoods

21. yüzyıl kentlerinde salgın ve afetlerin getirdiği olumsuz etkilerin azaltılmasında kentsel yapının kısa-orta-uzun vadeli riskleri azaltmada ve kentlerin direncini artırmada oynayabileceği rolü anlamak ve dirençli kentsel yapılar elde etmek önemli görülmeye başlamıştır. Genellikle kentlerde dirençliliği sağlamak için makro düzeyde gösterilen çaba, hızlı ve sağlıklı çözümler getirememektedir. Problemin büyüklüğü karşısında daha spesifik ya da mikro çözümlemeleri bir araya getiren kentsel dirençlilik yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesi, kentsel alandaki toplumsal, iktisadi ve mekânsal sorunların daha yerel ölçekten ele alınması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Kentlerde, salgın ve afete karşı dirençliliğin sağlanabilmesi için ele alınabilecek en küçük yerel yapı ya da idari ve sosyal birimler mahallelerdir. Mahalleler toplumun yaşamsal ve ayrılmaz bir parçası, aynı zamanda yerleşim alanları ve insan faaliyetlerinin de uyum gösterdiği yerel ölçekteki çözüm arayışlarının en alt uygulama noktalarıdır. Bu sebeple Salgın ve Afete Yönelik bir Dirençlilik Eylem Planlaması kapsamında kentsel dirençliliğin sağlanabilmesi hem başlangıç adımı hem de zincirin en önemli halkalarından olan mahallelerin dirençli hale getirilmesiyle mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dirençlilik Eylem Planlaması kapsamında, salgın ve afet durumlarının getirdiği olumsuz etkilere karşı dirençlilik öznitelikleri, ilkeleri ve ölçütleri ile uyumlu bir “Dirençli Mahalle Yapısı”nın oluşturulmasıdır. Bu mahalle, kentsel mekânda yerel direnç tecrübeleri gösteren, insanların sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve temel yaşamsal gereksinimlerini karşılama konusundaki zorluklara cevap verebilen, esnek, işlevsel, bütünleşik ve akıllı kentsel mekân kurgusuna sahip, yerel yönetim düzeyi ve yönetişimini iyileştiren, topluluk direnci ve kentsel sağlığı temsil eden, uyumlanma merkezleri gibi çalışan yapıda olacaktır. Çalışma kentsel biçim ve dirençlilik arasındaki ilişkiye ilişkin daha kapsamlı bir bilgi tabanının geliştirilmesi için bir başlangıç noktası olarak kabul edilebilir.

TOWARDS AN ALTERNATIVE PLANNING PERSPECTIVE FOR HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS: THE CASE OF KHULNA, BANGLADESH

The scope of spatial planning within a community scale for household solid waste management (HHSWM) in space-constraint situations like urban informal settlements is almost absent in waste management studies, and this study fills the gap. In Bangladesh, most of the fast-growing cities with a high population density have no significant solid waste management (SWM) system, and the municipal services are incompatible. Along with several socio-economic and awareness issues, one of the major difficulties for urban informal settlements is connecting the SWM system with the municipal waste collection service because of the highly congested spatial arrangements and lack of accessibility. It is evident through several studies that decentralized waste treatment is one of the most effective solutions to a fast-growing waste management crisis. This study aims to investigate an alternative in situ approach from spatial planning dimensions for the HHSWM in informal settlements in Khulna, the southern metropolitan city of Bangladesh. The methods comprise investigation data from observations, built environment mapping, spatial analysis, key personal interviews, and focused group discussions with stakeholders. The finding contributes to a spatial planning framework for HHSWM in informal settlements that incorporate multiple benefits, like waste-to-income opportunities, reducing pressure on municipal services and maintaining a healthy and hygienic living environment.

Modeling coal plant stranded costs for decarbonization pathway analyses

Retiring coal plants as part of a decarbonization strategy has started to become a reality in the last five years and is reflected in the least-cost plans of many countries. However, major issues go beyond the scope of such planning, including commercial contracts, markets and asset stranding. This paper proposes a new model formulation that endogenously calculates stranded assets taking into consideration commercial and market issues. It can be used to develop insights into economic and financial issues surrounding stranded costs of coal retirement. An illustrative example around the existing 209 GW coal fleet, including an aging part of the coal fleet of 100 GW, in India is used to show how the model can be implemented with relative ease. A second case study is constructed for the Philippines, which has a much younger and uniform coal fleet. Comparing and contrasting the two case studies is valuable for understanding the critical drivers of stranded costs.

A Novel Airspace Planning Algorithm for Cooperative Target Localization

With the development of modern electromagnetic stealth technology and ARM, traditional active radar detection cannot accomplish its detection mission, limited by its ability. Relying on such superior advantages such as imperceptibility, anti-electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic stealth, passive transducers are playing an indispensable and significant role in situation awareness. While, in addition to different passive transducer localization modes and solutions of target’s location, the reasonable planning and optimal layout of passive transducers’ location are other major factors affecting the precision of localization. Planning an optimal airspace for passive transducers is the key problem to improve the monitoring efficiency. This paper proposes the optimal layout algorithm for the cooperative platform in the space based on the geometrical relationship of cooperative localization. For example, the principle of direction location in traditional methods is simple: only two passive sensors can work, but the location accuracy of long-distance targets is low. At the same time, TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival) location has high accuracy and good stability, but it needs at least three passive sensors to work together, which requires the most resources. In this paper, a platform optimization layout algorithm based on direction and TDOA hybrid positioning is proposed. Compared with direction positioning, it improves the long-distance positioning accuracy, reduces the number of sensors required for TDOA positioning, and reduces the resource occupancy rate. However, the TDOA positioning data mixed with direction positioning data inevitably leads to the decline of overall accuracy. In order to solve these difficulties, the weighted least square method is used to optimize the accuracy. The simulation shows that, within the designated target airspace, the optimal action airspace can be generated automatically based on the platforms’ cooperation mode. If there is no resource limitation, the airspace planning based on TDOA positioning has the highest accuracy for the target. However, in practical application, considering the resource limitation, the hybrid positioning of direction and TDOA can also meet the requirements of high accuracy and high stability. The average error is reduced by more than 45% compared with direction positioning, and the airspace occupancy is reduced by more than 30% compared with TDOA positioning. The goal of minimizing the scope of platform airspace planning is realized.

Stratejik Planlama Kapsamında Türkiye'de Lojistik ve Havayolu Lojistiği

Bir ülkenin veya organizasyonun gelecekte nerede olmak istediğini ifade eden vizyonu çerçevesinde ve varoluş misyonu doğrultusunda amaçlarını, kaynaklarını, yol haritasını, teknik ve taktiklerini metodolojik, uzun vadeli ve ufak adımlardan başlayarak üst düzey kararlara kadar giden seviyede planlamasına stratejik planlama denmektedir. Lojistik ise, günümüzde en son teknoloji ve globalleşme göz önüne alınarak kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirildiğinde bir mal veya hizmetin elde edilmesinden başlayarak, ömür devri boyunca karşılaşılabilecek tüm faaliyetleri de içerecek şekilde satılması veya elden çıkarılmasının da ötesindeki tüm uygulamaların sistematik olarak planlanması ve icra edilmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Ülkeler lojistik kabiliyetleri ve performanslarını da dikkate alarak doğru gelecek öngörüleri ile etkili bir stratejik planlama yapar ve yaptıkları plana uygun hareket ederlerse ekonomik olarak güçlü ve gelişmiş bir ülke haline gelerek muadillerine karşı avantaj sağlayabilirler. Lojistiğin içerisinde son yıllarda hacmi ve etkinliği giderek artan havayolu lojistiği de elde edilebilecek avantaja katkıda bulunabilir. Bu çalışmada dünyada ve Türkiye’de Lojistiğin stratejik planlama kapsamında karşılaştırması yapılarak Türkiye’deki havayolu lojistiğinin katkısı araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada literatürde yer alan dünya bankası gibi saygın uluslararası örgütlerin resmi raporları ile başta T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı ve Türkiye Kalkınma Bakanlığı olmak üzere diğer ülkelerin resmi verileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; lojistiğin basit bir maliyetten ziyade stratejik planlama gerektiren bir faktör olduğunun anlaşıldığı, gelecekte ülkeler için daha da önemli bir yere sahip olacağı, lojistik ağın globalleşmesi ile bilgi sistem teknolojilerindeki muazzam gelişme ile özellikle havayolu lojistiğinin genel içerisinde payının artacağını lojistiğin yeni as elemanı olacağı tespit edilmiştir.

Sports management research: analysis of scientific development in Portugal (2008-2017)

Scientific research in the field of sports management and its respective academic improvement has been pointed out and recognised by several authors as the path to follow for a better understanding of its importance in the global development of sport, as well as in the improvement of academic curricula and skills of sports managers. This study aims to analyse the scientific and academic production of three Portuguese public universities, being this the main source and origin of the knowledge generated over the last decades. Methodologically, we analysed 193 master dissertations successfully completed between 2008 and 2017 available in institutional scientific repositories, as well as in the national library. The results point to a growth of scientific knowledge in Portugal, validated by the considerable evolution in the number of completed works in distinct areas in sports management, mainly in the scope of planning and strategy, human resources and sociological aspects, which helps to reinforce its multidisciplinary and differentiating character. The data obtained allow us to expose a considerable part of the knowledge produced in Portugal, thus contributing to the strengthening of some areas and future research in sports management, given that it is crucial to aggregate the existing knowledge by enhancing new paths and future opportunities. We conclude that research in Portugal reflects the global growth of scientific knowledge and the increasing interest in sports management, both at qualitative and quantitative levels, while also following international concerns and trends.

Institutionalisation of urban climate adaptation: three municipal experiences in Spain

Comparative studies of urban adaptation have evaluated the progress, means and scope of adaptation planning. Practice on the ground shows that the local politics of climate adaptation advance through various strategies to align different interests and spheres of action or disrupt mainstream practices, which translates into a wide range of interventions. This paper focuses on understanding the dynamics and tools that enable the institutionalisation of adaptation practices in local governments,i.e. the means through which adaptation practices, beyond plans and policies, are embedded in the routines of urban governance. It presents a framework to analyse the institutionalisation of adaptation that maps stages and tools with the potential to deliver adaptation in urban areas. Adaptation is framed as a learning process involving overlapping phases of recognition (of needs, capacities and actors), groundwork (knowledge generation) and action on the ground (change). The framework compares three Spanish local government initiatives (Bilbao, Barcelona and Madrid). The analysis shows that adaptation can be effectively incorporated into standard rules, norms and practices using combinations of tools and spatial and temporal scales. The coupled stages of recognition, groundwork and action highlight the importance of long-term learning processes to engage with the temporal dimensions of adaptation governance. <em><strong>Policy relevance</strong></em> Addressing the adaptation gap in urban areas requires the institutionalisation of climate adaptation as a routine part of decision-making. Institutionalisation refers to actions whereby adaptation to climate change is mainstreamed in urban practices, rules and norms, enabling the long-term impact of adaptation actions beyond the confines of adaptation plans. Using institutionalisation, adaptation goals can be integrated into urban governance and facilitate social learning. This paper examines the processes of implementation of adaptation and how they interact with and are shaped by existing contexts of infrastructure and institutions. Adaptation requires a gradual process of institutional change whereby adaptation becomes ‘institutionalised’ in municipal policy. Coupled phases of recognition, groundwork and action along a temporal scale are needed to deliver adaptation and advance learning and effective action. Three cases of urban adaptation in Spain demonstrate the various processes whereby institutionalisation occurs.

Handling uncertainties in forest information: the hierarchical forest planning process and its use of information at large forest companies

AbstractThis qualitative study aimed to map what information is used in the forest planning process at large forest-owning companies, how it is used, its level of uncertainty and currently employed strategies to handle forest information uncertainty. An additional aim was to assess the status of the paradigm of the forest planning hierarchy in forestry. We used data from semi-structured interviews with representatives of six large forest-owning companies in Sweden, representing 30 per cent of the productive forest land in the country. Our results show that the forest planning process is a hierarchical system of decisions where the information used in the different planning stages is of varying quality and that the traditional hierarchical planning paradigm still plays a vital role in forestry. The most central source of information in the whole forest-planning process is the forest stand database (forest inventory). This includes uncertain information from various sources, including subjective field measurements and aerial image interpretation. However, the use of remote sensing estimates to feed the databases is increasing, which will probably improve the overall quality. Another important finding is that forest companies tend not to use decision support systems or optimization models to solve planning problems outside the scope of strategic planning; thus, most planning is done manually, e.g. in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Apart from the hierarchical division of the planning process itself, we identified six main strategies that the companies use to control information uncertainty, namely locking the future by making a decision, utilizing a surplus of available harvests, updating information before a decision is made, replanning when the plan is found to be infeasible, planning by looking back and ignoring the uncertainty, either intentionally or unintentionally. The results from this study increase our understanding of contemporary forest-planning practices and will be helpful in the development of decision support systems and methods for information collection.

Planning the Built Environment and Land Use Towards Deep Decarbonization of the United States

Many governments, businesses, and institutions are committing to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, a goal and process known as deep decarbonization. Achieving this goal in the United States requires a national, economy-wide transformation in energy production and use in five sectors: electricity, transportation, industry, land-based carbon sinks, and buildings. All of these sectors interact with planning for the built environment and land use, so planning scholars and practitioners have many opportunities to engage policymakers working on national-level decarbonization strategies. This article analyzes the consequences of deep decarbonization for the future speed, scale, scope, role, and relevance of planning.

Plan-Bureaucracy Conflict in the USSR: Soviet Type Firm Organization

SSCB’nin çöküş sürecinin merkezi planlama ve bürokrasi kapsamında tartışıldığı bu çalışma, Sovyet tipi firma örgütlenmesine odaklanmıştır. Literatürde merkezi planlamayla bürokrasi genellikle birlikte çalışan bir alan olarak ele alınmış, bu iki ayrı yapı arasındaki nüanslar çoğunlukla ihmal edilmiştir. Bu da bürokratik yapıdan kaynaklı sorunların hatalı biçimde merkezi planlamaya mal edilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, SSCB’deki bürokratik mekanizmalarla merkezi planlama olguları arasındaki çatışmayı/ayrımı vurgulamaktır. Birincil kaynakları ele alan literatürden türetilen teorik argümanlardan elde edilen temel bulgu şudur: etkinsizliğin nedeni merkezi planlama değildir. Çöküşü hazırlayan koşullar, ağırlıklı olarak siyasi saiklerle oluşan bürokratik amaçların merkezi planlarla olan çatışmasından ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu tezden yola çıkan çalışma, SSCB’nin merkezi planlama hiyerarşisindeki en küçük karar birimi olan firmaların yönetim ilkelerini analiz ederek bürokrasi ve merkezi planlama arasındaki çelişkiyi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Yurt Invited: Combining Tourists and Stakeholders Perceptions of Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in Central Asia

Community-based tourism represents an opportunity for sustainable socioeconomic development, helping local populations to emerge out of lower living conditions. This paper investigates the perceptions of tourists and stakeholders engaged in Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in Central Asian countries (including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) as an opportunity for sustainable development. This study’s purpose is to point out the usefulness of a combination approach of stakeholders’ and tourists’ perceptions to address the opportunities of CBT that can improve the quality of life of the tourism community in Central Asia by identifying the pitfalls of practices and determining challenges for tourism policy. Using a mixed-method approach, two complementary methodologies are simultaneously conducted. (1) An in-depth interview approach with sixteen selected experts in the region was processed with semantic network analysis for the definition of the main challenges and opportunities facing CBT as an enabler of sustainable development, considering the perceptions of sustainability from the point of view of stakeholders. (2) An online survey involving one hundred twenty-five tourists to the region was carried out to focus on tourists’ perceptions of sustainability. A structural equation modelling technique was used to identify the influence of tourists’ sustainability preferences and their involvement with local communities on sustainability perceptions. The results highlight the benefits the community receives, as well as future opportunities to obtain more advantages from tourism practices within the scope of sustainable tourism planning.

Influence of Mahayana-Vajrayana School on the Sacred Characteristics of Theravada Vihara in Indonesia

After Buddha parinibbana, difference of views between his disciples in interpreting Dhamma result in the creation of three main Buddhist schools: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. With slightly different philosophies, these schools also have their own unique architectural characteristics to represent sacredness. However, due to the absence of any architectural literature, wide interpretations of Buddhist teachings, and acculturation with local culture, sacred characteristics of Buddhist architecture became mixed and difficult to distinguish. This research aims to study the influence of Mahayana and Vajrayana schools on the sacred characteristics of Theravada Buddhist architecture in Indonesia. Elaboration of Buddhist architecture and sacredness theory are used to analyse case study in surrounding environment, figure, mass structure, spatial planning, and ornamentation scope to obtain comprehensive acculturation picture of Mahayana and Vajrayana philosophy on Theravada vihara in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the circular shape that was characteristic of the early Theravada school in the architectural form of the monastery began to be abandoned and the use of anthropomorphic Buddha and iconic symbols as ornamentation elements which were only known in the development of Mahayana and Vajrayana schools.

Webinar Online Literasi Keuangan (Financial Literacy) Bagi Generasi Millennial

The purpose of this financial literacy webinar activity is to provide participants with financial literacy skills, and to know the financial literacy abilities of the millennial generation and to increase the understanding of financial literacy of the millennial generation through the provision of webinar material. The material presented is about financial literacy knowledge, financial life cycle, financial financial planning process, scope of financial planning, and application of financial records. The participants were students from the Denpasar National Polytechnic campus, students from several campuses in Bali and outside Bali, high school/vocational high school students from Bali and outside Bali and general public. However, because it is still in the atmosphere of the COVID-19 pandemic, the provision of insight and assessment of insights is carried out online through the Zoom meeting application. There are 122 participants who are willing to take part in this webinar. The importance of knowledge about financial literacy to make the millennial generation financially literate. Financial literacy means understanding how to manage money, paying off debt, insurance, retirement savings, taxes, and financial products such as credit and loans. With a state of financial literacy, the millennial generation can use these financial products to achieve financial prosperity.

A framework for the study of procedural policy tools in spatial planning

ABSTRACT Spatial planning is a comprehensive field of public policy and characterized by a considerable diversity of policy tools. Some of these policy tools have a long tradition, but a broadening scope of spatial planning over recent decades in many liberal democracies, accompanied by policy reforms to the way in which spatial planning operates, has altered the nature and type of policy instruments in use. Previous analyses have given limited attention to policy tools for urban and regional planning, yet in this article it is argued that a focus on procedural policy tools can allow a structured assessment of implications of major policy reforms for substantive instruments and societal outcomes. A framework for the study of policy tools according to different stages of the policy cycle is proposed. This is applied to recent planning reform in South Australia to understand changes to procedural tools and how these can influence the effectiveness of substantive policy tools.

BLURRED LINES IN PLANNING LEGISLATIONS FOR REGIONAL PLANNING IN INDIA

In an era of rapid urbanisation, comprehensive regional development, rather than a focus on a single urban area, is critical for meeting future needs. However, most states lack clarity in their Town and Country Planning legislation about the scope of regional planning and the power of regional planning authorities. This reflects a condition of uncertainty among the state's various planning authorities about their jurisdiction and responsibilities. The paper aims to compare the Karnataka TCP Act, 1961, to the TCP Acts of other states. It begins with a brief overview of the evolution of TCP Acts in India, followed by a comparison of the provisions of various state acts to know the distinction between them. The paper critiques the governance system established by the Karnataka TCP Act, 1961, based on its limited implementation. This also pertains to the act's departure from what it envisions for power decentralisation under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. The paper concludes by noting the fallacy and potential solutions in the act based on the best practices.

INVESTIGATING CROSS CONGRUENCE BETWEEN BUTTERFLY TAXA AND ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING: A CASE STUDY FROM LESSER CAUCASUS ECOREGION OF TURKEY

Cross taxa congruence was investigated between butterfly taxa and ecological community for fine spatial scale (10 × 10 km² UTM grids) in north-eastern part of Turkey. The study area was evaluated within the scope of systematic conservation planning, and analyses were performed for sets of priority protected areas composed using complementarity-based site selection software Marxan. Cross taxa congruence was subsequently examined both in species richness and ecologic complementarity. Accordingly, it has been observed that the cross-taxon congruence between butterfly taxa and ecological community was relatively better than the results of previous studies. Another remarkable finding is that ecological community was a more robust surrogate than butterfly taxa. Although the results are valuable for conservation studies, they highlight the fact that a simple surrogate-based site selection would be inadequate to represent overall biodiversity. The weakness of congruence patterns among surrogates would also lead to gaps in biodiversity conservation. These findings therefore draw attention to the necessities of incorporating surrogates of distinct ecology or some other surrogates like environmental parameters into conservation planning. Otherwise, there may be mistakes regarding species representation and the vast majority of species may be misrepresented in protected areas and protected area plans. At this point, it should be emphasized that understating cross taxa congruence and/or relationships is a key component for efficient biodiversity conservation.

The Geodiversity of Brazil: Quantification, Distribution, and Implications for Conservation Areas

Research related to geodiversity aim at valuing abiotic aspects as inseparable components of natural heritage and, thus, as well as biodiversity, must be understood and valued through the ordering of their use and geoconservation. Geodiversity studies are developed based on several approaches, from the broadest ones, which contemplate the measurement of abiotic elements fully, to those that assess geoheritage through geodiversity values. The present research follows the broader approach of evaluating and analysing the entire geodiversity, applying the measurement of abiotic elements without their valuation, and spatialising areas with a greater and lesser density of the selected elements related in this research lithology, relief, and soil. For this purpose, bases produced by systematic surveys of Brazilian research institutions were used. As a result, the mapping of the subindexes obtained pointing from the division into 5 classes, the areas which present greater and lesser diversity of each element, as well as the synthesis map for the indexes of geodiversity elements in Brazil, considering the three elements selected for this mapping. The analysis of the indexes’ spatialisation was carried out from a descriptive and genetic perspective, aiming to explain the causes of the distribution of the abiotic elements in the Brazilian territory, providing subindexes for studies in the scope of environmental services, nature, and territory conservation planning. A spatial analysis was also carried out between the Geodiversity Index Map and the Brazilian conservation units and the areas where geopark projects are being developed.

Age-related effects on lexical, but not syntactic, processes during sentence production

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of healthy ageing on the lexical and syntactic processes involved in sentence production. Young and older adults completed a semantic interference sentence production task: we manipulated whether the target picture and distractor word were semantically related or unrelated and whether they fell within the same phrase (“the watch and the clock/hippo move apart”) or different phrases (“the watch moves above the clock/hippo”). Both age groups were slower to initiate sentences containing a larger, compared to a smaller, initial phrase, indicating a similar phrasal scope of advanced planning. However, older adults displayed significantly larger semantic interference effects (slower to initiate sentences when the target picture and distractor word were related) than young adults, indicating an age-related increase in lexical competition. Thus, while syntactic planning is preserved with age, older speakers encounter problems managing the temporal co-activation of competing lexical items during sentence production.

Comparison of Drought Indices in the Case of the Ceyhan Basin

The issue of mitigating the expected effects of drought has become quite prominent within the scope of planning, development, and management of water resources affected negatively by climate change. An integrated management approach must be planned primarily for sustainable water management. To conduct drought risk analyses, a sufficient amount of data must be available. The historical process of the basin must be known, and there must be a plan that is assessed with several indices. In this study, we carried out drought risk analyses on the Ceyhan Basin using meteorological, hydrogeological, and hydrological data to determine indices and indicators available in the literature. We compared indices, examined the correlations among them, and reached an outcome. All of the indices used in the study showed that the drought was in the same periodicity in the basin, and a slow progressing drought occurred in the basin. When the trend of the last 50 years of precipitation in the basin is analyzed, it is evident that there is a general decrease. In a general view, decision-makers shall provide drought management plans for the basin.