Scope Of Application Research Articles

ЭКСПЕРТНЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ОСОБЕННОСТИ СИСТЕМЫ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

Проведена экспертная оценка особенностей применения способов обоснования соответствия зданий и сооружений требованиям пожарной безопасности с учетом правовых положений и практического опыта применения. Даны предложения по корректировке нормативно-правовых актов. An expert assessment of the application peculiarities of methods to substantiate the compliance of buildings and structures with fire safety requirements was carried out taking into account legal provisions and practical application experience. Proposals for the adjustment of regulatory legal acts are given. It is noted that in Article 6 of Federal Law 123-FZ, the methods of justification are present in a list, which creates the illusion, for example, that the choice of method is not limited by anything. In fact, each method of justification, as shown in this article, has its own scope of application. The changes affected both the list of compliance conditions and the regulatory legal acts issued in the development of the considered justification methods. This requires not only a deeper study of the system of technical regulation of fire safety in construction as a whole, but also to examine the specifics of the application of each of the methods of justification for fire safety of objects of protection. A situation where the requirements of the technical regulations will be met and only the standards of organizations, or only the calculation of risk, or only special technical conditions will be used, is impossible in practice. In any case, the conditions of the codes of rules will be fulfilled, just in some part there will be certain deviations from them through special technical conditions, standards of organizations or fire risk calculation. At the same time, there is no concept of "deviation from the rulebook". Keywords: technical regulations, fire safety in construction, code of rules, fire risk, special technical conditions, calculation justifications, organization standard

A Synchronous Buck Converter With a Wide Input Voltage Range Using Simulated Peak Current Mode Control

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of automotive infotainment, industrial DC‐DC motors and telecom servers, the demand for buck converters with high‐input or wide‐input voltage is increased. This paper proposes a synchronous buck converter with a wide input voltage range, utilizing a simulated peak current mode. The proposed simulated peak current control mode removes the need for a separate slope compensation circuit. By integrating a slope compensation current directly into the ramp generator, it eliminates subharmonic oscillation issues when the duty cycle in current mode control exceeds 50%, thereby simplifying circuit design. The proposed simulated peak current mode retains the key advantages of peak current mode, such as feedforward control, easy overcurrent protection, and easy loop compensation, while significantly enhancing the loop's immunity to interference. This enhancement reduces the noise sensitivity of the pulse width modulation circuit, eliminates false switch turn‐offs caused by leading‐edge spikes, and removes the need for external low‐pass filters. Furthermore, with the integration of high‐voltage regulation technology, it achieves a wide input–output range, broadening its application scope. As a result, the proposed mode is more robust and reliable in applications with high stability and anti‐interference requirements, such as automotive infotainment, industrial DC–DC motors, and telecom servers, offering strong support for reliable and precise power system performance. The proposed converter is implemented using UMC 250 nm BCD technology and operated at a frequency range of 50 kHz–1 MHz, with the maximum output current up to 7 A, a wide input voltage range of 6–100 V, and an output voltage range of 1.215–80 V. Besides, excellent minimum ripple/output ratio (0.0325%) and maximum power efficiency (90.93%) are achieved.

Study on the Effect of Temperature and Pressure Environments on the Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Titanium Carbon Nitride Ceramics.

As a high-performance cermet, TiCN possesses extensive potential for application in various fields, including coating materials, ceramic products, and electronic materials. Here, the effects of temperature and pressure on the physical properties of the TiCN cermet have been investigated by high-pressure techniques and first-principles calculations. Experimentally, the phase, microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of bulk TiCN ceramics were analyzed. In high-pressure sintering, the sintering temperature rhythmically regulated the porosity and grain size within the ceramics. The TiCN prepared at 5.5 GPa/1200 °C has a Vickers hardness of ∼23.81 GPa, a Young's modulus of 445.24 GPa, and an electrical conductivity of ∼(20.4 ± 0.55) × 105 S/m. Moreover, the responses of the mechanical and electronic properties of TiCN to pressure were evaluated by first-principles, which matched the experimental results. The research findings have revealed that the pressure effects work not only on the microstructure and mechanical properties but also on the atoms and electrons. The study integrates both theoretical and experimental approaches to enhance our comprehension of the microstructure and physical properties of TiCN ceramics, insights that are instrumental in broadening the application scope of TiCN-based ceramic materials.

Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho-Alkylation of Iodoarenes Enabled by a Cooperative Cycloolefin Ligand and a Bulky Trialkylphosphine

We recently achieved ortho-alkylation of iodoarenes utilizing a dual-ligand catalytic system that effectively combines palladium/olefin ligand cooperative catalysis with reversible C(sp²)−I reductive elimination enabled by a bulky trialkylphosphine ligand. Through careful mechanistic investigations, we confirmed the compatibility of the crucial steps involved in this process by isolating key organometallic intermediates and studying their stoichiometry transformations. Utilizing this protocol, we successfully achieved the ortho-alkylation of a variety of iodoarene substrates, thereby expanding the scope of applications for Catellani-type reactions. This study showcases the synthetic potential of the Pd/olefin ligand cooperative system as an innovative complement to established Pd/NBE catalysis. In this Synpacts article, we present the conceptual framework underpinning this reaction and detail the key aspects of its development. 1Introduction 2Research Background 2.1The Catellani Reaction: Pd/Norbornene Catalysis 2.2Cooperative Cycloolefin Ligands for the Catellani-Type Reactions 2.3C-X Reductive Elimination on Pd Center 3Development of the Reaction 3.1Proof-of-Concept by Stoichiometric Reactions 3.2Substrate Scope and Synthetic Applications 4Conclusion

Recent Advances of Metal Complexes in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Chemotherapy has long been used in the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), driving the development of anticancer chemotherapy drugs. Platinum complexes have attracted significant attention and have led to the creation of a series of platinum-based drugs used in diverse cancer treatments, including HCC. However, the clinical use of platinum drugs faces critical challenges due to drug resistance and side effects. Consequently, ongoing efforts have been devoted to the continuous development of new metal complexes with antitumor properties, aiming to serve as effective alternatives for HCC treatment. In this Perspective, we summarize and highlight the progress and relevant mechanisms related to new metal complexes in the treatment of HCC over the past decade. The development of metal complexes has the potential to further expand the scope of chemotherapy applications for HCC.

Effective Dynamics for a Class of Stochastic Parabolic Equation Driven by LéVy Noise With a Fast Oscillation

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we mainly study the effective dynamic behavior of a class of stochastic parabolic equations driven by Lévy noise with a fast oscillation, and the coefficients of the system are assumed to satisfy the non‐Lipschitz condition. The work in the article is roughly divided into two parts. The first part, due to the change of conditions, we must consider the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the system. In the second part, we show that the original system driven by Lévy noise is reduced into an effective equation. To be more accurate, the fast component equation is averaged out, and there exists an effective process converging to the original stochastic parabolic equation. The main contribution is that the obtained results can extend the existing results from the Lipschitz condition to a weaker condition with a wider application scope, that is, the non‐Lipschitz condition, and the driving process is Lévy noise, which seems new in the existing literature.

Fuzzypulse Solar Vista: Merging Advanced Fuzzy Logic with Perturb & Observe for Optimal Solar Tracking

Abstract—This paper presents a comparative study between the traditional Perturb and Observation (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and its enhancement through the integration of fuzzy logic control. The primary objective is to mitigate the shortcomings associated with the P&O method, particularly its tendency to induce output oscillations. By in- corporating fuzzy logic control into the P&O algorithm, the proposed method aims to alleviate these oscillations and enhance overall MPPT performance. The effectiveness of the combined approach is evaluated through extensive simulations, whereinthe results demonstrate a reduction in output oscillations and improved tracking efficiency. Moreover, the application scope of the system is extended by integrating a boost converter and a H bridge inverter on the load side, thereby enhancing its versatility and practical utility. Through comprehensive analysis and simulation validation, this study offers valuable insights into the potential synergies between conventional MPPT methods and advanced control techniques, paving the way for more robust and efficient renewable energy systems. Index Terms—MPPT Controller, P&O, Fuzzy Logic, Boost Con verter

Modern Methods and Algorithms of Path Planning for Autonomous Mobile Robots, Their Objective Functions

The current situation in the world of research algorithms for path planning by autonomous robots shows that there are a large number of algorithms and their modifications that require researchers and engineers of autonomous robotics to have a fine understanding of the fundamental aspects of their functioning. The general goal of the research is to conduct an analysis of existing algorithms, methods and their modifications from the point of view of the component of the mathematical apparatus, namely their target functions. The research examines 38 modern algorithms and methods of path planning by autonomous robots. Considered the importance and criticality of understanding the objective function for the field of robotics. Examples illustrating the importance of this aspect are given. In the process of research, algorithms are presented in the form of formalized generalized mathematical formulas taking into account possible minimization/maximization, their improvements and improvements. For each considered algorithm and method, a conclusion is given regarding its target function. In the study, the methods of "Dynamic games" are separately highlighted and the application of the fundamental "Method of solving functions of A.O. Chikryi" for path planning is considered. In general, information on the advantages and importance of understanding the mathematical apparatus of pathfinding algorithms by autonomous robots for solving scientific problems is provided. The generalized results are summarized in a single comparative table, which provides the main formalized function of the algorithms, reveals the main idea, advantages/disadvantages, the scope of application and an example of use. The comparative table is presented in the form of a generalized auxiliary reference element of the study.

Enabling controllable time-dependent phosphorescence in carbonized polymer dots based on chromophore excited triplet energy level modulation by ionic bonding.

Time-dependent phosphorescence color (TDPC) materials are highly attractive for realizing multitiered dynamic information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. It's extremely challenging to modulate puzzle of multiple luminescence species and understand the intrinsic mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate a novel and synthesize-friendly strategy to develop a high contrast TDPC carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with adjustable lifetime and quantum yields. The ionic bonding is introduced in self-protected CPDs to effectively tune the excited triplet energy level of chromophores, and promote the stable existence of L-aspartic (AA) with green phosphorescence at 545 nm, and alkali metal aspartates (AA-M) with red phosphorescence at 665 nm. The precise regulation for TDPC lifetime can be achieved based on heavy atom effort and crosslink-enhanced emission (CEE) effect. And, the efficient radiative energy transfer could be proven as an intrinsic mechanism for better understanding the TDPC materials. These results further expand on the fundamental principle to design high-quality TDPC materials with more flexible regulation for luminescence properties, providing a major step forward in broadening the scope of smart phosphorescence applications.

Анализ изменения микроструктуры компрессионных колец вспомогательного судового двигателя

Introduction. The cylinder-piston group (CPG) of a marine-type internal combustion engine is subjected to high operational loads. The reliability, durability and efficiency of the engine depend on the proper operation of the CPG. The change in the direction of piston movement and the lack of lubrication caused by the spraying of lubricant during operation, lead to increased wear of the moving package of piston rings. Having determined the factors influencing the changes in the structure of the metal during operation, it can be taken into account in the manufacturing technology and hardening of these parts. The subject of the study: the object of research is the used-out upper and lower compression rings of the cylinder-piston group of the HIMSEN 4H21/32 auxiliary marine engine. Purpose of the work is to consider the change in the structure and microstructure of the material of the compression piston rings of the HIMSEN 4H21/32 auxiliary marine engine arising as a result of operation; to compare the results of evaluating microstresses and deformations of the surface layer of parts by metallographic methods and X-ray diffraction analysis for various operating conditions of the upper and lower compression rings. Methods. Metallographic and X-ray methods were used in the study. The conditions of X-ray photography are described; X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on a Dron-3M diffractometer. Residual microdeformations were determined, as well as the sizes of coherent scattering regions (D) and the density of dislocations on the surfaces of the samples. Results of the work. The results of metallographic and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) are presented. The residual macro- and microstresses and the sizes of the coherent scattering regions (D) of the surface layer of compression rings are determined. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis are comparable with the results of metallographic studies, and the convergence of the results is observed. Scope of the results application: the results of the study can be used in the selection of manufacturing technology for compression rings of marine internal combustion engines (MICE). Conclusions. It is advisable to evaluate changes in the manifestations of the stress state of cast iron under the influence of various factors. This will allow selecting the optimal technology for manufacturing compression rings to ensure the reliability of its operation. Ring quality control by various methods of structure assessment also makes it possible to predict the conditions of destruction of compression rings during operation. An increase in the degree of defectiveness of the upper ring occurs due to various kinds of deformations of the crystallites. As a result of inelastic deformations during ring operation, the resulting dislocations cause strong mechanical stresses.

Digital‐Analog Integrated Optoelectronic Memristor Based on Carbon Dot for Ternary Opto‐Electronic Logic and Sen‐Memory Applications

AbstractOptoelectronic memristor with light as an additional stimulus is generating interest in various remarkable optical‐electrical‐coupled applications. Herein, an optoelectronic memristor with hybrid digital‐analog switching behavior is developed by incorporating carbon dots (CDs) into the polymethylmethacrylate and the polystyrene layers as charge trapping medium. The memristor exhibits tri‐stable digital switching behavior under electro‐optical programming and analog switching behavior under optical programming. For the digital switching, the SET and RESET voltage of the memristor can be modulated through UV light illumination. Taking advantage of the cooperation of electrical and light stimuli, new ternary optoelectronic logic algorithm implementations with all‐electric or all‐optical signals as inputs are proposed. For the analog switching, the device resistance can be gradually modulated through UV light illumination and output intensity‐ and duration‐dependent characteristics. These features endow the memristor with fused image sensing‐and‐memory (sen‐memory) capability without an auxiliary bias. In addition, the sen‐memory can perform image contrast enhancement operation as the preprocessing operation of the human retina, which can improve the subsequent image recognition rate in the processing tasks. The multifunctional memristor highlights the potential for ternary optoelectronic computing and artificial vision applications, and also, is expected to expand the application scopes of CDs.

THE ESSENCE OF THE PROCESS OF VIBRATIONAL FINISHING AND CLEANING, ITS TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES AND WAYS TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY

The main provisions of the classification of the vibration processing process depending on the characteristics and composition of the processing medium are given. It is established that vibration processing is a mechanochemical removal of metal particles and its oxides, and plastic deformation of the microroughness of the surface of the part. It was found that vibration processing is related to mechanical dynamic processes, when using chemically active solutions it is related to mechanochemical processes, according to technological purpose to dimensionless processes, according to the type of tool – to processing with free abrasives. It was determined that vibration processing is characterized by the dynamic mechanochemical effect of abrasive medium granules on the treated surface and the acoustic effect of shock waves. It has been established that the features of mechanical and physicochemical phenomena of vibration processing differ in the physical properties of the granules of the medium, the characteristics of the material of the processed parts, the dynamic nature of the process, the composition and properties of the chemically active solution. A classification of defects in the formation of parts, controlled parameters and vibration processing operations is given. The technological capabilities of the processing are presented, these are micro-cutting and surface plastic deformation, the effect of variable accelerations and continuous application of micro-impacts to the surface being processed, which ensures the dynamic nature of the process and creates conditions for strengthening and stabilizing processing. The design of the vibration machines allows the use of various compositions of solid, liquid and mixed compositions of working media. To increase the efficiency of the process, a variable scheme for combining technical solutions of new varieties of the vibration processing process is proposed. It has been established that by combining various combinations of technological and design parameters it is possible to expand the scope of application of the vibration finishing and cleaning process based on the creation and implementation of its varieties.

On Geometric-type Approximations with Applications

We explore two aspects of geometric approximation via a coupling approach to Stein’s method. Firstly, we refine precision and increase scope for applications by convoluting the approximating geometric distribution with a simple translation selected based on the problem at hand. Secondly, we give applications to several stochastic processes, including the approximation of Poisson processes with random time horizons and Markov chain hitting times. Particular attention is given to geometric approximation of random sums, for which explicit bounds are established. These are applied to give simple approximations, including error bounds, for the infinite-horizon ruin probability in the compound binomial risk process.

La resolución de la controversia entre la propiedad registral y la propiedad ancestral en el sistema jurídico colombiano

This article analyzes registered property as enshrined in Colombian Civil Code and its complementary regulations, in the face of a new kind of ownership jurisprudentially acknowledged by Colombian Constitutional Court, called Ancestral Property. We establish its characteristics, requirements to be acknowledged, scope of application, so as to conclude that ancestral property has priority and a reinforced protection over registered property in Colombian legal system.

Triangular Mesh Surface Subdivision Based on Graph Neural Network

Mesh subdivision is a common mesh-processing algorithm used to improve model accuracy and surface smoothness. Its classical scheme adopts a fixed linear vertex update strategy and is implemented iteratively, which often results in excessive mesh smoothness. In recent years, a nonlinear subdivision method that uses neural network methods, called neural subdivision (NS), has been proposed. However, as a new scheme, its application scope and the effect of its algorithm need to be improved. To solve the above problems, a graph neural network method based on neural subdivision was used to realize mesh subdivision. Unlike fixed half-flap structures, the non-fixed mesh patches used in this paper naturally expressed the interior and boundary of a mesh and learned its spatial and topological features. The tensor voting strategy was used to replace the half-flap spatial transformation method of neural subdivision to ensure the translation, rotation, and scaling invariance of the algorithm. Dynamic graph convolution was introduced to learn the global features of the mesh in the way of stacking, so as to improve the subdivision effect of the network on the extreme input mesh. In addition, vertex neighborhood information was added to the training data to improve the robustness of the subdivision network. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieved a good subdivision of both the general input mesh and extreme input mesh. In addition, it effectively subdivided mesh boundaries. In particular, using the general input mesh, the algorithm in this paper was compared to neural subdivision through quantitative experiments. The proposed method reduced the Hausdorff distance and the mean surface distance by 27.53% and 43.01%, respectively.

PENETRATION TESTING APPROACHES EMPLOYING THE OPENVAS VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT UTILITY

Currently, issues of security of information systems of critical information infrastructure facilities are becoming relevant. At the same time, the current tasks of an information security (IS) audit of critical information infrastructure objects, as a rule, come down to checking them for compliance with IS requirements. However, with this approach to auditing, the resistance of these objects to real attacks by intruders often remains unclear. To test this resistance, objects are subjected to a testing procedure, namely penetration testing. The goal is a comparative analysis of existing foreign and domestic penetration testing methods and standards. The elements of novelty of the work are the identified features, advantages, disadvantages and scope of applicability of existing standards and methods of penetration testing. This article will review the OpenVAS vulnerability scanner. Readers will become familiar with the basic and advanced functions of the program; its settings depend on the functions and capabilities.

Photocurrent Polarity-Switchable Imaging of Single Living Cells by Light-Addressable Electrochemical Sensor.

The light-addressable electrochemical sensor (LAES) is a powerful tool for single-cell imaging due to its label-free and probe-free advantages. In this work, we report a photocurrent polarity-switchable LAES using a single-phase photoelectrode of a BiFeO3 thin film for living cell imaging. The proposed BiFeO3 could show both p- and n-type photocurrent behavior by simply altering the external bias voltage. LAES imaging of the same individual MCF-7 cells was performed in anodic and cathodic modes. Decreases in both photocurrents were observed due to the hindering effect of the adherent cells on local photoinduced Faraday currents. Furthermore, the dynamic photocurrent changes on cells after trypsin treatment were imaged and studied at anode and cathode polarities. Both polarities showed an increase in local photocurrents on cells as the cell-substrate junction weakened, and this change displayed heterogeneous characteristics. This is the first time that LAES cell imaging was achieved in a p-type mode. Meanwhile, our photocurrent polarity-switchable imaging approach overcomes the limitations of conventional photoelectrodes, which have been confined to single-polarity operation. We believe this work has the potential to significantly broaden the application scope of LAES in single-cell visualization and analysis, offering great insights into cellular behavior and function.

Numerical and experimental study on smoke diffusion characteristics of tunnel with ceiling beams

Ceiling beams at the top of tunnels are more common in actual projects. Under the influence of thermal buoyancy, the ceiling structure significantly affects the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke within the tunnel. This study performed several sets of model experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the impact of the height and spacing of ceiling beams on the diffusion of smoke in tunnel fires, which results show that the maximum temperature rise and temperature decay patterns of fire smoke follow exponential changes. The increased height of the ceiling beams and the reduced spacing correspond to higher maximum temperatures on the ceiling. Furthermore, as the height of the ceiling beams increases and the spacing decreases, the longitudinal attenuation of ceiling temperature accelerates within the tunnel. A predictive model for ceiling temperature rise and a dimensionless temperature attenuation model were developed to characterize this phenomenon. The relative error between the predicted results and experimental findings falls within ± 15%. This study broadens the application scope of fire smoke diffusion models, which can provide technical support for smoke prevention and exhaust design of tunnels with similar structures.

Molecular Programming Design of Glyconucleic Acid Aptamer with High Stability.

Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), possessing specific biological functions beyond their informational roles, have gained widespread attention in disease therapeutics. However, their clinical application is severely limited by their low serum stability in complex physiological environments. In this work, a precise molecular programming strategy is explored to prepare glyconucleic acid aptamers (GNAAs) with high serum stability. Four glyconucleic acid modules compatible with commercial solid-phase synthesis are designed and synthesized. Through precise molecular design, the accurate modification of four different carbohydrate ligands at specific sites of DNA aptamers is achieved. It is demonstrated that glycosylation modification can significantly increase DNA aptamers' serum stability while maintaining their structures and high affinity. The stabilization effect is superior to that of currently commonly used commercial chemical modifications. Moreover, it is confirmed that this approach displays insignificant effects on the DNA aptamers' tumor-targeting ability and metabolism in vivo. This method offers a simple, economical, and efficient strategy for precise glycosylation modification of nucleic acids. This allows to prepare glycosyl functional nucleic acids with high serum stability, which can expand the application scope of functional nucleic acids and promote the practical transformation of functional nucleic acids.

Research on the Bill of Quantities Pricing Model for Prefabricated Buildings Based on BIM

In recent years, with continuous advancements in prefabricated construction technology and management practices, the accuracy and quality of prefabricated components have improved. As a result, the practice of pre-manufacturing components off-site and assembling them on-site has become an inevitable construction method for the development of the building industry. This paper discusses the current issues faced by prefabricated buildings and analyzes the feasibility of integrating BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology with cost estimation for prefabricated construction.The paper proposes a cost estimation process for prefabricated buildings, which involves adapting BIM’s measurement rules to suit local requirements for concrete quantity calculations. By creating precast (PC) components in BIM software and adding cost-related information, a BIM-based quantity take-off list can be generated.This study provides valuable insights into the application of BIM in the cost management of prefabricated buildings and the further research on quantity take-offs for such projects. It also broadens the scope of BIM applications, offering significant potential for the development and widespread adoption of BIM technology.