Scope Of Services Research Articles

Accessibility Analysis and Site Selection Suggestions for Cultural Complexes in Nanjing

In recent years, with the increase of urban cultural consumption demand, cultural complexes, the role of cultural complexes, notably bookstores, have become increasingly significant. In this study, we took the 11th district of Nanjing as the research object and selected the cultural complex represented by bookstores in Nanjing to study and analyze their distribution and accessibility. First, the study collected data on the location, transportation network, and population density of bookstores in Nanjing. Then, a comprehensive evaluation system was constructed to evaluate the impact of different modes of transportation on the accessibility of bookstores. By using the spatial analysis method, this study quantitatively evaluated the spatial distribution pattern, service scope and service equity of Nanjing bookstores. The results show that the distribution of bookstores in Nanjing shows a similar imbalance with the distribution of population density, in which the accessibility of the central area of the city is relatively high, while the peripheral area is low. In particular, the issue of accessibility equity for children is particularly prominent. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes targeted suggestions and improvement strategies for bookstore site selection, aiming to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for government decision-makers, urban planners and bookstore operators.

Boosting integration of physical and mental health: The impact of increasing psychiatrists in general hospitals without psychiatric Ward.

It remains unclear whether general hospitals without psychiatric wards can provide sufficient services for both physical and mental health needs, as they often lack adequate psychiatrists, primarily due to cost constraints. This article explores the relationship between the number of full-time psychiatrists and functionality for integrating physical and mental health services in these settings. The Medical Policy Committee of the Japanese Society of General Hospital Psychiatry conducted a nationwide survey in 2022 to evaluate the detailed scope and volume of service of psychiatric departments in general hospitals without a psychiatric ward. The survey collected data related to scope and volume of service, including the availability of on-call services, the number of patients seen in outpatient settings, and the number of consultation-liaison services provided. The results were analyzed based on the number of full-time psychiatrists, with and without data from university hospitals, and categorized by hospital type. To account for confounding factors, multivariable regression analyses were also performed. Broader scope and higher vollume in essential services was observed depending on the number of full-time psychiatrists, including on-call services, outpatient services, and consultation-liaison services, especially pediatric, anorexia, and perinatal psychiatric issues. Hospitals with multiple full-time psychiatrists offered broader services, a scope beyond the capacity of a single full-time psychiatrist, as confirmed by multivariable analyses. University hospitals offered the widest range of psychiatric services. Despite often being underestimated due to cost constraints, having multiple full-time psychiatrists in a general hospital without a psychiatric ward is essential for supporting the broader scope needed to integrate physical and mental health services.

Implementation of rural provider-to-provider telehealth in country Western Australia: a retrospective observational analysis via the RE-AIM framework

BackgroundRural provider-to-provider telehealth is growing globally. It is used to both facilitate equitable access to specialist healthcare services for those living in rural and remote areas and provide support to place-based providers. There is limited research on the implementation of these services, especially in an emergency or inpatient hospital setting. The Western Australia Country Health Service (WACHS) Command Centre is one such example. First implemented in 2012, the Command Centre services a geographical area covering 2.55 million square kilometres, a population of approximately 550,000, and provides five clinical streams including Emergency, Mental Health Emergency, Midwifery and Obstetrics Emergency, Inpatient, and Palliative Care Afterhours Telehealth Services.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the implementation and access of rural provider-to-provider telehealth in country Western Australia, for the years 2012 to 2023.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis was conducted of all patient contacts managed by clinical telehealth streams of the Command Centre, between 31 August 2012 and 31 December 2023. Utilising descriptive statistics, analyses was informed by the expanded Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework and Implementation Outcomes Framework (IOF) definitions.ResultsOver the near 12-year period, a total of 215,965 service contacts were analysed from the five Command Centre clinical streams. There was large variation in the reach and adoption of services across regions, sites, and health facility types, however service scope and activity has increased steadily over time (maintenance). 95 of the 103 WACHS-managed sites had utilised Command Centre clinical telehealth services. The Command Centre has seen an increase in the proportion of clinical telehealth services provided to the most disadvantaged populations, demonstrating improved equity of access (effectiveness) over time.ConclusionThere is a steady expansion in the availability of provider-to-provider clinical telehealth services delivered by the WACHS Command Centre across country WA, but with wide variability of usage depending on region, site, and health facility type. The results of this study show there is a need to understand the contextual factors influencing the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of the service.

What Do Farmer Collectives Need to Enhance Biodiversity, Water Quality and Climate Action in Rural Areas?

SummaryThe EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has recently broadened the scope of public services that collaborating groups of farmers (farmer collectives) can provide. In addition to biodiversity measures via agri‐environment schemes (AES), they can apply for the implementation of water quality and climate mitigation measures. But what does this require from farmer collectives and from the public administrations that contract them? We address these questions based on previous and additional research on the farmer collectives in the Netherlands. To this purpose, we looked at the strategies of farmer collectives. The focus was on: what is the scope of services to be deployed to create public value; how is legitimacy and support ensured; and what does this imply for the organisation of the farmer collective, the qualifications of people involved in the farmer collective and managing external networks? We identify three types of farmer collectives with distinct needs, critical points of attention, and different roles for public administrations: 1) farmer collectives that only implement AES; 2) farmer collectives that also implement public and private funded projects; 3) farmer collectives that act as risk‐taking, entrepreneurial organisations. In other Member States, additional types of farmer collectives may emerge. Recognising the heterogenity of farmer collectives, by Member State and by farmer collective, is key to effective and legitimate biodiversity, water quality and climate action.

The Importance of Health Education and Prevention in the Fight against Caries in the Preschool Period

The paper focuses on the influence of various factors causing caries in preschool children. The legal-formal rights in the field of primary dental care and medical and pedagogical caries prevention are analysed, as is the influence of professionals in the kindergarten and the family on the reduction of caries. With the help of data from the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia (ZZZS), the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the scope of preventive and curative dental services is determined in a group of preschool children according to individual statistical regions in Slovenia, as is the relationship between the impact of the epidemic on the scope of dental services in the group of preschool children in relation to the economic development of an individual region. The interruption of dental services during the epidemic was so extensive that the consequences will last several years. Preventive services are an integral part of the rights derived from compulsory health insurance; therefore, raising awareness and teaching children about the healthy foundations of life is important.

Healthcare workforce and expenditure: influences on life expectancy and infant mortality in Turkey

Aims: This study examines the impact of the number of health personnel and health expenditures on life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Turkiye. The study's primary purpose is to determine the effect of increased health personnel and health expenditures on quality of life and infant mortality rates. Therefore, the impact of health personnel and expenses on life expectancy and infant mortality rates was investigated. It was analyzed how these variables shape the effectiveness of health services and how they affect public health. Methods: This study used multiple regression analysis to assess the effects of healthcare workforce and expenditures on health outcomes in Turkiye between 2001 and 2021. Life expectancy and infant mortality rate were dependent variables, while per capita healthcare expenditure, the number of doctors, and the number of nurses were used as independent variables. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) databases and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: The findings indicate that per capita healthcare expenditures positively and significantly affect life expectancy (B=0.015, p=0.016), suggesting that increases in healthcare spending contribute to longer life expectancy. Conversely, the effects of the number of doctors (B=-1.580, p=0.138) and nurses (B=0.232, p=0.400) were not statistically significant, indicating that workforce numbers alone may not directly impact life expectancy. Regarding infant mortality rate, healthcare expenditure (B=0.016, p=0.166) and doctor availability (B=-1.503, p=0.467) showed negative associations, while the number of nurses had a positive but non-significant association (B=0.407, p=0.457). Although these variables theoretically demonstrated the potential to reduce infant mortality rates, none of these effects reached statistical significance. The model explained 82.5% (R²=0.825) of the variance in life expectancy and 88.7% (R²=0.887) in infant mortality rate, underscoring the model's robustness in explaining variations in these health outcomes. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that while healthcare expenditures positively affect life expectancy, the number of healthcare workers alone is insufficient, and factors such as service quality and efficiency also play a role. In developing health policies, strategies should focus on systematically improving the quality of services rather than merely increasing the number of personnel. Particularly in rural and low-income areas, the scope and quality of healthcare services should be enhanced to reduce disparities in health indicators.

Independent energy storage planning model considering comprehensive benefits enhancement

New power systems with large-scale clean energy access require energy storage to provide critical support. Aiming at the problems of unclear service scope, high investment cost, long payback period, and low utilization rate faced by the construction of new energy storage, an energy storage planning method considering the comprehensive benefits of independent energy storage is proposed. First, the key transmission sections identification index is proposed by comprehensively considering the characteristics of the key transmission sections, the grid topology, the reliability, and the criticality of the line. Second, the connecting areas of the key transmission sections are selected as the location of independent energy storage configuration and dynamically updated year by year to clarify the optimal siting area of the independent energy storage in the long term planning. Then, an independent energy storage planning model considering comprehensive benefits enhancement is established to expand the multiple applications of energy storage in the power market and improve the comprehensive benefits of the energy storage system. Finally, the improved IEEE RTS-79 system is used for simulation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Provision of dental care in the military medical service of the armed forces of the Russian Federation during a military operation

This article analyzes the scope of services provided by a dentist within the military medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation during a modern armed conflict. The study included two stages: a prospective stage involving patient care (preventive oral cavity examinations in citizens mobilized for military service) and a retrospective analysis of dental care provided by the military medical service during a military operation (data from preventive examinations, oral sanitation plans for armed forces personnel, and reports from senior dentists of military districts). It has been established that the need for oral sanitation among career military personnel averages 72% and reaches up to 81% among volunteers and citizens mobilized for military service, increasing the workload for both military and hospital dentists. On average, 85.4% of armed forces personnel require outpatient dental care, with each individual having an average of 5.6 teeth requiring treatment: 3.8 for caries, 0.8 needing endodontic treatment, 1 tooth requiring extraction, and 7.4 teeth needing restoration among those requiring prosthetics. It was noted that the critical factors were the nature of combat operations, the workload of medical evacuation stages, and the availability of various resources in the regimental aid station or the medical company of a brigade. These factors often hinder the full deployment of dental equipment and the ability to provide treatment for oral disorders, both on an elective and emergency basis. Satisfactory conditions for this type of medical care are achievable only in a dental office within a separate medical battalion or a special task medical detachment. To improve the provision of dental care to armed forces personnel by the military medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation during a military operation, the authors propose the following. Dental offices should be equipped with portable turbine dental units, which have proven to be highly effective in real combat conditions, and with portable dental X-ray machines to significantly improve the quality of diagnostics and treatment of dental disorders. In addition, given the challenges of restocking medical consumables, dentists should ensure their timely requisition and monitoring their receipt, since only 36.6% of medical units are equipped with standard dental consumables, necessitating urgent measures to establish a stable supply system.

Mapping an evidence-based end-of-life care framework for older adults in Chinese nursing homes: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionEnd-of-life care is essential for older adults aged ≥60, particularly those residing in long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes, which are known for their home-like environments compared with hospitals....

Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na sektor ubezpieczeń GPW w Warszawie S.A.

Purpose: The article aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the insurance sector of the Warsaw Stock Exchange S.A. in 2019–2021. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quarterly financial reports were used to conduct the study. The economic condition was examined using elements of financial analysis, and the valuation was based on the analysis of market rates of return. Findings: The results allowed us to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic harmed the insurance sector of WSE. Due to the differences in the parameters of the size of capitalization, the scope of services provided, the territory of operation and the structure of sources of income, the effects of the pandemic are significantly different. The pandemic had a minor impact on the financial condition of PZU S.A., however, the economic condition of the remaining analysed entities deteriorated. The market valuation in the analysed period also varied two companies recorded a significant decline in rates of return compared to the rate of return of the WSE benchmark, while the remaining two achieved rates of return higher than the rate of return of the WIG index. Research limitations/implications: In the conducted research, the limitations were: a small research sample – a small number of studied companies and the specific nature of the analysed industry insurance companies are characterized by a different nature compared to the others, which resulted in the specific selection of elements of financial analysis in the conducted study. Originality/value: The article raises the issue of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial condition and market valuation of a specific industry.

Analysis of Discourses on “Divorce and Male-Related Infertility” in an Online Forum with Focus on Social Support: Women’s

The study aimed to investigate the types of social support provided by forum members in response to questions posed by women with infertile spouses on the Women’s Club forum, specifically within discussions centered on divorce due to infertility. Topics and comments on the subject of “divorce due to male-related infertility” in the Women’s Club forum between 2008 and 2023 were analyzed. Five topics and 487 comments were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis, and 458 different codes emerged. The codes were grouped into four themes: informational support, emotional support, intellectual and critical support, and relationship improvement support. Consequently, women considering divorce due to male-related infertility are provided informational, emotional, and relationship-focused, and querying social support through the forum. These types of social support indicate factors that may affect marital adjustment during the infertility process. Therefore, it is recommended that experts who provide professional support to these couples should pay attention to these factors and that the scope of psychosocial services currently provided in Turkey should be person-specific to cover the social support needs of these couples.

Online Mental Health Support for New Mothers: Healthcare Professionals’ Views and Experiences

The literature has focused on women’s use of online support for perinatal mental health. However, research exploring the scope of available well-being services and the views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) who deliver this provision is extremely limited. This study focused on HCPs’ experiences providing online perinatal mental health and well-being support. Based on interviews with eight UK-based HCPs providing various forms of online perinatal mental health and well-being support, reflexive thematic analysis distilled four themes that captured experiences and perceptions of online provision: 1) New ways of working bring new opportunities; 2) Obstacles and areas for development; 3) Bridging the gap— formal and informal peer support; and 4) Too little too late: lack of mental health education in antenatal services. HCPs indicated that blended ways of working (online and face-to-face) were valuable within their services. Findings emphasize the need for online support services to be available to new and expectant mothers who may not require an HCP referral. The versatility, convenience, and accessibility of online resources bridge the gap between face-to-face services and a viable economic and effective form of mental health provision. Keywords: postpartum, mental health, health professionals, online support

Quantifying urban function accessibility and its effect on population mobility based on function-associated population mobility network

Due to rapid urbanization and globalization, urban functions are increasingly segregated in cities comprising centers of population aggregation and economic activity. Urban development yields intertwining and interdependent functional areas for residence, commerce, and education, which leads to complex but regular population mobility patterns. Population mobility spaces can effectively represent the actual service scopes of urban functions. Therefore, in this study, we propose a function-associated population mobility network (FPMN) to dynamically delineate the service capacities of urban functions, and to quantify the driving effects of urban functions on population mobility under spatial interaction conditions. By integrating the cumulative opportunities of geographic nodes with the potential opportunities reflected by population mobility, k-step function accessibility with population mobility (k-step PFA) is defined in FPMN to characterize the accessibility relationships between geographic nodes and function nodes. Based on k-step PFA, considering the complementarity and intervention opportunities, the function-driven index (FDI) is proposed to quantify the driving effects of urban functions on population mobility. Our experimental results indicated that FPMN could effectively represent the actual service scopes and capabilities of urban functions. Compared with general location-based accessibility indicators, k-step PFA has a higher numerical distribution and less spatial disparity, and it aligns more closely with the actual service scopes of urban functions. In addition, compared with intervening opportunities models, FDI delineates the functional driving effects of population mobility with greater precision, as well as revealing the travel propensity traits of a population relative to various urban functions through propensity parameters.

안마사의 안마업무의 범위에 관한 검토

According to the Medical Act of South Korea, massage services can only be performed by visually impaired persons who are qualified as massagists, so non-massagists cannot perform massage services and open massage parlors or massage centers. However, it is not easy to distinguish between massage services by massagists and massage services by non-massagists in the field, and since it can be considered as physical therapy under the Medical Technician Act or skin care services under the Public Health Management Act, confusion is bound to arise. In this paper, we will compare and review the differences between massage services, physical therapy services, and skin care services based on current laws and precedents to determine the scope of massage services and the future regulatory direction of the massagist system. If we divide the boundaries of massage services, if massage services inflict considerable physical impact on the body and there is a risk of health and hygiene hazards, it can be considered a medical practice, but if it is simply performed for the purpose of recovering from fatigue, it can be considered a non-medical health care service. On the other hand, massage work, physical therapy, and skin care all have in common that they apply ‘physical force or external force to the outside of the human body’ ‘using hands or tools.’ However, it can be understood that whether they are medical or non-medical health care services varies depending on the method, degree of physical force, and effect on the human body. Furthermore, in order for the massage therapist system to be maintained, the public should be able to directly distinguish and decide between massage parlors that can be established by massagists and massage businesses that can be established by skin care therapists. To this end, the characteristics of the massage business should be clearly stated as mentioned above, and it is necessary to reinforce the fact that the public feels that it has some health promotion effects beyond simple beauty. Therefore, in addition to disclosing the training course to become a massagist, continuous efforts for specialization such as developing and improving technologies related to the massage business are required.

Banking research in the context of digitalization: On the transition to ecosystem business

Subject. This article discusses the tools and mechanisms for the transformation of international and Russian banking activities aimed at forming a competitive model for the functioning of a modern bank in the context of digitalization of the economy. Objectives. The article aims to develop a model for the transition of banking activities to an ecosystem business. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization, abstraction, and modeling. Results. The article offers certain tools that involve the formation of a model for the transition of banking activities to ecosystem business in the context of digitalization. The proposed methodological development takes into account the review of the conceptual foundations of the banking system formation and the analysis of current trends in its functioning in the world economy. Conclusions. The digital transformation of the Russian banking system can lead to the introduction of new technologies, the creation of new banking products (including para-banking and non-banking services) and their successful promotion to the market, attracting new customers and expanding the scope of services provided, improving sources of financing and reducing costs, managing risks and negative impacts on the banking system and the economy as a whole, as well as achieving sustainable development goals and supporting the Russian economy.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and attitudes toward routine vaccinations among Venezuelan migrants in Trinidad and Tobago: implications for a National Immunization Policy.

Vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to the prevention of COVID-19 and other vaccine-controlled diseases. In 2019, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago launched a policy outlining the scope of health services in the public sector available to registered Venezuelan migrants to include access to routine immunizations. Little is understood about immunization uptake among migrants, including the uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations in Trinidad and Tobago. Between July and October 2022, a survey was conducted using a sample of n = 507 Venezuelan migrants. We examined the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, migrant's attitudes toward past vaccinations, their beliefs and perceptions about COVID-19 disease, and health-service related factors. Descriptive statistics summarized the characteristics of these migrants. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors and attitudes associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Our findings showed that 89% of the migrants accessed publicly available health services while in Trinidad and Tobago, 72.4% reported that they did not refuse other vaccines in the past, and 23% reported being hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Females had higher odds of being COVID-19 vaccine hesitant compared to males, and participants expressing doubts about the source of vaccine information also had greater odds of vaccine hesitancy. Long waiting times at a public health clinic and costs associated with traveling to a clinic were associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A National Immunization Policy inclusive of the unmet needs of vulnerable migrant populations is needed to ensure equitable access to vaccinations.

Insights from Nowcasting and Mesoscale Research Working Group Projects of the World Weather Research Programme

Abstract Insights from Forecast Demonstration Projects and Research Development Projects, training workshops and symposia, conducted between 2000 and 2024 are summarized. The projects were organized by the Nowcasting and Mesoscale Research Working Group of the World Weather Research Program of the World Meteorological Organization. The objective was to advance, promote and build capacity in nowcasting and very short-range forecasting. The projects were associated with the Olympic Games, emergency management and aviation services. They brought international experts together to work in a collaborative fashion. Extensive interaction with end-users and decision-makers expanded and extended the scope of services from traditional weather hazards (heavy rain, wind, hail, lightning) to include specific user needs (e.g., visibility in complex terrain or airport runways, periods of calm winds or light rain, heat stress). Substantial progress has been made in many areas including: advanced radar nowcasting algorithms, stochastic nowcasts, kilometric and hectometric numerical weather prediction models; blending of observations and models and multi-model systems. Verification was a key and valuable component of the projects quantifying the results. Also, the types of services have expanded to include both summer and winter services, complex terrain and urban environments, air transport, air quality, hydrology and health. Insights are presented in all aspects of nowcasting and very short-range forecasting from end-user decision-making, critical role of the forecaster, forecast systems (models, heuristics, observations), to science and knowledge gaps.

Nurses’ Self-Care Practices: A Cross-Sectional Study in Philippine District Hospitals

The global risk of morbidity and mortality due to hypertension highlights the importance of optimizing nurses’ roles in controlling hypertension through education. This study aims to develop educational models for patients and families with hypertension. A sequential mixed-method research design was used. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 participants to explore the phenomenon and health education needs of patients and families with hypertension, and the data were analyzed thematically. A survey of 40 people was conducted to identify the elements of a workable model using SEM analysis. The researchers then used an integration matrix to perform the data integration. Seven themes were revealed from the qualitative phase: (1) health problems, (2) scope of educational services, (3) primary service activities, (4) health education methods, (5) information needs, (6) management support, and (7) barriers. The following sub-components were also obtained from the analysis: (1) Health Education Approach, (2) Health Education Program, and (3) Learning Process. The educational model for patients and families with hypertension is complex, and nurses require support to implement such a model. Further research is needed to prove the model’s effect on the personal and interpersonal conditions of hypertensive patients.

Educational Model Development for Patients and Families with Hypertension in Primary Health Services: A Mixed Method Study

The global risk of morbidity and mortality due to hypertension highlights the importance of optimizing nurses’ roles in controlling hypertension through education. This study aims to develop educational models for patients and families with hypertension. A sequential mixed-method research design was used. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 participants to explore the phenomenon and health education needs of patients and families with hypertension, and the data were analyzed thematically. A survey of 40 people was conducted to identify the elements of a workable model using SEM analysis. The researchers then used an integration matrix to perform the data integration. Seven themes were revealed from the qualitative phase: (1) health problems, (2) scope of educational services, (3) primary service activities, (4) health education methods, (5) information needs, (6) management support, and (7) barriers. The following sub-components were also obtained from the analysis: (1) Health Education Approach, (2) Health Education Program, and (3) Learning Process. The educational model for patients and families with hypertension is complex, and nurses require support to implement such a model. Further research is needed to prove the model’s effect on the personal and interpersonal conditions of hypertensive patients.

E-Government in Zimbabwe: A synopsis of Advancement made and Obstacles Ahead

This paper investigated the level of readiness by the Zimbabwe government in utilizing information and communication technologies to improve the scope and value of services delivered to the grassroots; and determined the degree of, and constant enhancement determinations of Zimbabwe leaders towards the realization of connected government. Data for the research was a secondary data utilized from the Internet. The UN global e-government preparedness ranking and the replicas of e-government were downloaded, embraced and used as a yardstick for assessing the web preparedness of the Zimbabwe governments in 2005, 2008, 2010 ,2012 and 2024. It was revealed that the Zimbabwean government has revealed its readiness to apply information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their public administration, nonetheless is at the evolving stages. A serious obstruction which branded e-government preparedness in Zimbabwe is insufficient of knowledge economy and human capital. The repercussions comprise poor delivery of government services and under-performance of ICTs infrastructure in Zimbabwe which may result in the broadening of ‘access divide’ amongst the privileged and underprivileged.