Sclerotic Bands Research Articles

Skeletal imaging effects of pamidronate therapy in osteosarcoma patients

After observing metaphyseal changes in pediatric and young adult patients with osteosarcoma who were treated with pamidronate, we initiated a retrospective study to identify bone findings on computed radiography of the chest and extremities, chest CT, extremity MRI, and radionuclide bone scans in this population. To review the generalized skeletal imaging findings on computed radiography, CT, and MR examinations in patients with osteosarcoma (OS) receiving pamidronate. A retrospective review of 40 patients with newly diagnosed OS (mean age, 16.5 years) receiving pamidronate with chemotherapy were identified at one institution. Computed radiography, CT, MR, and bone scans on 36 patients were reviewed for osseous changes. Dense metaphyseal bands at the growth plates in long bones, epiphyseal ossification centers, anterior rib ends, sternum and spine were observed. Osseous changes occurred on CT in 69% of patients, and on computed chest radiography in 53%. Bone-within-bone appearance in the spine and ossification centers was identified on computed radiography in 36%. OS patients treated with pamidronate can develop metaphyseal sclerotic bands as well as epiphyseal and vertebral endplate sclerosis progressing to a bone-within-bone appearance. Findings occur more frequently in younger patients with open epiphyses.

Inhibition of Necrotic Actions of Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates (NBPs) and Their Elimination From Bone by Etidronate (a Non-NBP): A Proposal for Possible Utilization of Etidronate as a Substitution Drug for NBPs

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) have powerful anti-bone-resorptive effects (ABREs). However, recent clinical applications have disclosed an unexpected side effect, osteonecrosis of the jaw. We previously found in mice that etidronate (a non-NBP), when coadministered with alendronate (an NBP), inhibited the latter's inflammatory effects. However, etidronate also reduced the ABRE of alendronate. The present study examined in mice the modulating effects of etidronate on the inflammatory and necrotic actions of zoledronate (the NBP with the strongest anti-bone-resorptive activity and the highest incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw) and on ABREs of various NBPs including zoledronate. NBPs were subcutaneously injected into ear pinnas of mice and ensuing inflammation and necrosis at the site of the injection were evaluated. ABREs of NBPs were evaluated by analyzing sclerotic bands induced in mouse tibias. Coinjection of etidronate reduced inflammatory and necrotic reactions induced by zoledronate, and also reduced the amount of zoledronate retained within the ear tissue. When both agents were intraperitoneally injected, etidronate reduced the ABRE of zoledronate and those of other NBPs. Notably, etidronate reduced the ABRE of zoledronate even when this non-NBP was injected 16 hours after the injection of zoledronate. Bone scintigram indicated that etidronate reduced the amount of zoledronate that had already bound to bone. These results suggest that etidronate may 1) inhibit the entry of NBPs into cells related to inflammation and/or necrosis, 2) inhibit the binding of NBPs to bone hydroxyapatite, 3) at least partly eliminate (or substitute for) NBPs that have already accumulated within bones, and thus 4) if used as a substitution drug for NBPs, be effective at treating or preventing NBP-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw.

An asymptomatic young woman with abnormal manubrium sterni: diagnosis and discussion

First developing from a pair of longitudinal mesenchymal condensations in utero, the right and left sternal bars meet along the midline and fuse to form a single cartilaginous rod. Fusion commences at the manubrium and proceeds caudad [1]. Incomplete fusion of lower sternebrae results in well-known bony defects variously named sternal foramen, cleft or fissure [2]. Although clefts and foramina are commonly found in the corpus sterni, description of manubrial fissure or foramen had been sparse [3–5] before the study by Yekeler et al., who reported a manubrial cleft in the sterna of six of 1,000 adults [2]. In all of the six patients the cleft was confined to the superior portion of the bone, associated with a sclerotic band just inferior to it in five of them. To our knowledge, a complete manubrial cleft is extremely rare, with only two cases having been reported in the non-English literature [3, 4]. In one of the two cases, reported in 1979, Botsch et al. used conventional tomography to diagnose complete fissure of the manubrium [4], which showed slightly jagged and sclerotic medial margins of the right and left hemimanubria and an inverted-Y shape, almost identical to that in our patient, formed by the interhemimanubrial and hemimanubriosternal joints (Fig. 1b and c in the case presentation). It is difficult to postulate the developmental origin of a manubrial fissure. However, we suppose that there might be two possible mechanisms: first, on rare occasions, the cephalo-most part of the sternal bar might have been left unfused in utero. Second, there might have been some muscular dynamics facilitating horizontal segmentation of the manubrium at a later stage, similar to diversified movements of the forelimbs facilitating longitudinal segmentation of the sternum [6]. Now that thin-section CT scanning of the bony thorax is becoming routine in clinical practice, we believe that more cases of this condition will be found in the future.

Erratum

International Journal of DermatologyVolume 46, Issue 4 p. 446-446 Free Access Erratum This article corrects the following: Correspondence Mauricio Goihman-Yahr MD, PhD, Editor, Volume 37Issue 5International Journal of Dermatology pages: 397-398 First Published online: January 5, 2002 First published: 11 April 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03342.xAboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat In [1], Dr Medenica's name appeared incorrectly. The list of authors should have read: Aleksandar L. J. Krunic, MD, PhD, Ljiljana Medenica, MD, PhD, Angelina Novak, PhD, Garcia Carlos, MD, and Robert E. Clark, MD, PhD We apologize for this error. Reference Krunic ALJ, Medenica L, Novak A, Carlos G, Clark RE. Hereditary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Weary-Kindler associated with pseudoainhum and sclerotic bands. Int J Dermatol 1997; 36: 529– 533. Volume46, Issue4April 2007Pages 446-446 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Frequency of Sternal Variations and Anomalies Evaluated by MDCT

Our objective was to reveal the frequency and MDCT appearances of sternal variations and anomalies in subjects without sternal deformities. One thousand consecutive patients who underwent thoracic MDCT examination were enrolled in the study. All MDCT data, including multiplanar and curved-planar reconstructed images, were evaluated for detection of sternal variations and anomalies. Various kinds of sternal variations and anomalies, such as suprasternal bones and tubercles, manubriosternal and sternoxiphoidal fusions, sternal clefts and foramina, and sternal sclerotic bands were documented. In 1,000 subjects, the frequencies of main sternal variations and anomalies were as follows: suprasternal bone in 4.1%, suprasternal tubercle in 4%, complete manubriosternal fusion in 19.6%, complete sternoxiphoidal fusion in 30.3%, sternal foramen in 4.5%, and sternal sclerotic band in 37.1%. Xiphoidal foramen was seen in 27.4%, and the most common type was single foramen. Xiphoid process mostly ended as a single process (71%). Double-ended xiphoid process was also frequent (27.2%). Pseudocleft and pseudoforamen at the sternoxiphoidal junction were detected in 3.3% and in 3.6% of subjects, respectively. MDCT exhibited various sternal variations and anomalies. Sternal foramen is a frequent minor anomaly and generally associated with sternal sclerotic bands. Early manubriosternal and sternoxiphoidal fusions can be seen in early adulthood without osteodegeneration. Double-ended xiphoid process and single xiphoidal foramen are frequent sternal variations. Awareness of MDCT appearances of sternal variations and anomalies provides a better differential diagnosis with pathologic conditions.

Kindler syndrome in a Saudi kindred.

We report a large consanguineous Saudi-Arabian pedigree containing 11 individuals with the autosomal recessive genodermatosis, Kindler syndrome. Three affected cases died in infancy but the remaining eight had signs of photosensitivity, generalized poikiloderma, webbed fingers, loss of dermatoglyphics and nail dystrophy. The majority also had oral involvement with bleeding gums. Additional features seen in some cases included pseudoainhum of the toes, sclerotic bands on the wrists and hand deformities. The aetiology of Kindler syndrome is not yet known, but the underlying defect leads to both cutaneous and oral inflammation, along with photosensitivity and scarring.

Skeletal complications in pediatric oncology patients.

Pediatric oncology patients are at risk for the development of numerous skeletal complications, and radiologic studies are important in the identification and evaluation of these conditions. Methotrexate osteopathy manifests as osteopenia, dense provisional zones of calcification, pathologic fractures, and sharply outlined epiphyses. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy may occur with nasopharyngeal carcinoma or tumors of the lungs or pleura and manifests as cortical thickening, lamellar periosteal new bone formation, and soft-tissue swelling. Biomechanical abnormalities are often seen at bone scintigraphy in patients who have undergone surgery for bone tumors. Growth plate injury may manifest as marked deformity, sclerotic metaphyseal bands, metaphyseal fraying, and longitudinal striations. Radiation "osteitis" is seen as an initial decrease in bone density with subsequent development of a mixed radiolucent and sclerotic appearance. Ischemic necrosis of the femoral heads is best demonstrated at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and has low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and a high-signal-intensity rim on T2-weighted images. Bone infarcts are seen as well-demarcated, often ring-shaped areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and as areas of increased signal intensity on short-inversion-time inversion recovery images. Radiographic signs of infection include bone destruction, periosteal new bone formation, and sclerotic changes. Short-inversion-time inversion recovery MR imaging is particularly useful in evaluating posttherapy changes in bone marrow. Osteochondroma may demonstrate a cartilaginous cap at MR imaging, whereas the most important finding in radiation-induced sarcoma is a soft-tissue mass. Radiologists who work with children with cancer need to be familiar with these complications and their imaging appearances.

Correspondence

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Sclerotic band appears in metaphysis of rat's tibia after short term administration of incadronate disodium

Sclerotic band appears in metaphysis of rat's tibia after short term administration of incadronate disodium

Sclerotic band appears in metaphysis of rat's tibia after short term administration of incadronate disodium

Sclerotic band appears in metaphysis of rat's tibia after short term administration of incadronate disodium

A new lethal chondrodysplasia with platyspondyly, long bone angulation and mixed bone density

A fetus diagnosed by sonography at 20 weeks' gestation had multiple skeletal abnormalities. The main features were absent ossification of the skull and cervical and upper thoracic vertebral bodies; short, angulated femora, tibiae, radii and ulnae but normal humeri; platyspondyly; trident-shaped acetabular roofs; sclerotic bands on the iliac wings and scapulae; clavicular hooks; and overall, mixed bone density. We suggest that this is a new chondrodysplasia which, since the parents are first cousins, could follow autosomal recessive inheritance.

Paget's disease of bone: MR characteristics at 1.5 T

Thirteen patients with confirmed Paget's disease were examined using a 1.5 T MR tomograph. Five patients had polyostotic and eight patients monostotic forms of the disease. The results of these MR examinations were compared with the results of MR examinations performed on patients with osseous changes of different origin (metastases of breast cancer and prostate cancer, osteomyelitis, bone marrow infiltration due to acute lymphatic leukaemia and plasmocytoma). MR tomography permits evaluation of bone marrow space, osseous changes, and the surrounding soft tissue. Areas of sclerotic bone, thickened corticalis and bands of connective tissue in the marrow space were recognised as structures with no signal in T1- and T2-weighted images. The red and yellow marrows showed normal signal intensity patterns, although they were often reduced in size.

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: Early MRI detection and radiological correlation

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and conventional radiographs were compared in 49 hips with Avascular Necrosis (AVN). MRI detected AVN in 25% of the hips during the preradiological stage of the disease. Both MRI and conventional radiographs accurately detected AVN in the remaining 75% of hips. Correlation between the patterns observed with the two techniques reflected the underlying histopathologic events. The reactive interface between infarcted bone and viable bone could be identified on MRI as a low signal intensity (SI) band. On conventional radiographs the reactive interface appeared as a sclerotic band. The adjacent hyperemic zone was seen on MRI as a high SI band and as a lucent zone on the plain films. Variations of this pattern occurred as related to the extend and duration of AVN and to the individual's ability to mount a healing response. Minor degrees of collapse of the femoral head were better identified with plain radiographs but MRI demonstrated small areas of hyperintensity probably corresponding to early subchondral fractures.

The extracellular matrix in “Sclerosing” follicular center cell lymphomas: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

"Sclerosis" is frequently seen in follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas. The mechanism of its deposition, as well as its composition and significance, are unknown. Several clinical studies have suggested that the course of these lymphomas is more indolent than that of lymphomas of the same histologic type without sclerosis. Nine immunologically characterized cleaved FCC lymphomas with sclerosis and 14 reactive lymph nodes with follicular hyperplasia were investigated by special staining methods, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to types I, III, IV, and V collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. The sclerotic tissue in FCC lymphomas stained uniformly with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's stain, with the patterns ranging from delicate filamentous strands to dense doubly refractile bands. Ultrastructurally, the bands of connective tissue were continuous with the adventitia of vessels and composed of varying amounts of banded collagen (types I and III) admixed with filamentous and flocculent material. In all cases the neoplastic lymphocytes were separated from the extra-cellular matrix by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with long cell processes. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated intense staining of sclerotic bands with antibodies to fibronectin and type I collagen and, usually, weaker marking with antibodies to types III and V collagen. No significant staining of sclerotic bands was found with antibodies to type IV collagen or with laminin. Weak pericellular staining for type V collagen was present in eight of nine lymphomas and half of the control lymph nodes. These studies suggest that the increased amounts of extracellular matrix in cleaved FCC lymphomas are produced primarily by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and represent predominantly fibronectin and types I, III, and V collagen. The composition of the sclerotic areas of FCC lymphomas is similar immunohistochemically to that of the capsule and trabeculae of reactive lymph nodes, which are also intimately associated with fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.

Hereditary Sclerosing Poikiloderma

A new heritable disorder of connective tissue is described in seven members of two unrelated Negro families. The clinical features of this disorder which are clearly established are: A remarkable generalized poikiloderma with marked accentuation in the skin of the flexural regions of the axilla, antecubital, and popliteal fossae and of the extensor surfaces of the knees, elbows, and joints of the hands. Sclerosis of the palms and soles unlike that seen in scleroderma. Linear and reticulated hyperkeratotic and sclerotic bands in the axilla and the antecubital and popliteal fossae. Clubbing of the fingers. Calcinosis of the tissues as a late manifestation in one patient. Histologic examination of tissue from the antecubital fossa and axilla reveals focal homogenization of collagen and diminished elastic tissue.

Hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma. Report of two families with an unusual and distinctive genodermatosis.

A new heritable disorder of connective tissue is described in seven members of two unrelated Negro families. The clinical features of this disorder which are clearly established are: A remarkable generalized poikiloderma with marked accentuation in the skin of the flexural regions of the axilla, antecubital, and popliteal fossae and of the extensor surfaces of the knees, elbows, and joints of the hands. Sclerosis of the palms and soles unlike that seen in scleroderma. Linear and reticulated hyperkeratotic and sclerotic bands in the axilla and the antecubital and popliteal fossae. Clubbing of the fingers. Calcinosis of the tissues as a late manifestation in one patient. Histologic examination of tissue from the antecubital fossa and axilla reveals focal homogenization of collagen and diminished elastic tissue.

Study on the sclerotic bands of the spinneret in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L

Study on the sclerotic bands of the spinneret in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L

CONOSTOMA KESTOSPERMUM, A NEW SPECIES OF PALEOZOIC SEED FROM THE MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN

Taylor, Thomas N. (U. Illinois, Urbana), and Gilbert A. Leisman. Conostoma kestospermum, a new species of Paleozoic seed from the Middle Pennsylvanian. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(6):574–580. Illus. 1963.—This paper describes a new species of Paleozoic seed which has recently been discovered in coal ball material collected from southern Illinois and southeastern Kansas. Conostoma keslospermum is a small, radially symmetrical seed immediately distinguished by numerous sclerotic bands which girdle its exterior. This form of seed coat elaboration is unique and,together with other morphological features, is used to establish its phylogenetic position with respect to other members in the genus.

Descriptions of One Known and Four New Species of Aphids from Canada (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Some of my emigrated Dutch friends have with considerable success collected aphids for me in Canada. The following notes are based on some of their catches.Maculolachnus sijpkensi, new speciesOviparous female.Body about 3.00-3.60 mm long, rather broadly oval. Head and pronotum brown sclerotic; mesonotum marginally sclerotic, spino-pleurally with small brown scleroites at the bases of the very numerous hairs; such scleroites also present on metanotum and marginally on abd. segment I, and in number at the bases of the hairs of VIIth, rarely also VIth abd. tergite; VIIIth terpite with a sclerotic band, which is narrower and often broken in the middle. No scleroites present at the bases of the spinopleural hairs of abd. tergites I-V or I-VI. Intersegmental sclerites on abdomen small, dark brown to Black. Dorsal hairs very numerous, on IIIrd abd. tergite up to about 0.11 mm long. Antennae darker-brown than the head, about 519 length of body; for interrelation of segments vide measurements; IIIrd segment with 4-11 rhinaria; the tw to seven of them that stand in a row large, elevated and bulging, but if many rhinaria are present often some small ones in the row, or besides some quite large; flat ones outside the row present; base of segment never with rhinaria; IVth segment two to four rhinaria on distal part; Vth without secondarv rhinaria, the primary rhinarium much elevated and bulging; VIth segment rather cylindrical, attenuated towards base, about 6 times as long as its maximum width; accessory rhinaria in two groups of which the basal one stands about halfway the segment, while the other stands beside the primary rhinarium.