Scientific Knowledge Systems Research Articles

ГЕНДЕРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИЯВУ ТРИВОЖНОСТІ У ЛІВОРУКИХ І ПРАВОРУКИХ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИШІВ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОРЕКЦІЇ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ АРТ-ТЕРАПІЇ

The article discusses the features of the manifestation of anxiety in university students and provides the main mechanisms for the correction of anxiety using art therapy. In the system of modern scientific knowledge, the phenomenon of anxiety and its impact on human development and its adaptation to the environment is one of the main issues of biology, medicine, pedagogy, and psychology. The article emphasizes the features of personality formation in adolescence, describes the main psychological mechanisms of the development of the emotional sphere. An analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature on the use of the art therapy method as a means of correcting adolescents' anxiety levels has been performed. The results of studying the peculiarities of anxiety in university students are demonstrated. Left-handed children were found to be more anxious than right-handed. Thus, the article presents the results of a study that was carried out using a complex of appropriate psychodiagnostic techniques. The students of higher educational institutions took part in it. The article identifies the level of anxiety in the group and major differences among the subjects. It is revealed that the dynamics of the psychoemotional state is affected by the peculiarity of the left and right hemisphere asymmetries. However, with hereditary left-handedness, left-handed people are more neurotic, unlike right-handed people. It was confirmed that Art therapy, as a method of psychological and pedagogical correction, is the most effective means of psychocorrectional influence on the emotional sphere of a person. It has been determined that art therapy helps a person solve internal conflicts, deal with strong emotions, and helps to realize his feelings.

A Scientific Aspect in the Cognitive Process of Subjects of Expert Activities

The paper examines the issue of the scientific content of legal knowledge from a standpoint of materialism. Following the concept of N. P Yablokov concerning the unified nature of cognition and proving, the author scrutinizes the factors of the development of the theory of forensic expertise at the present stage that determines the range of scientific and practical elements of a cognitive aspect of expert activities. From the standpoint of the essence of the search and cognitive activity of the subjects of proving, the author reveals a general methodological platform of expert activities: "forensic epistemology" and "forensic gnosiology". Based on this, the author analyzes the system of scientific forensic knowledge, including cognitive processes that are, on the one hand, associated with the study of the subject matter of forensic and art expertise and, on the other hand, with the critical analysis and evaluation of the results of the expertise from the standpoint of their objectivity. It is proved that forensic epistemology, having an interdisciplinary nature, assimilates new scientific results in several areas, including the arts; absorbs and processes both problematic, empirically conditioned knowledge and reliable knowledge. In this regard, the author divides into periods the development of forensic expertise as a separate branch of knowledge. To this end, it is noted that during the first period, "forensic epistemology", that was necessary for the formation of a separate branch of legal knowledge, gained its popularity. It is noted, that forensic epistemology was aimed at the formation of reliability of expertise results. (In this context, the paper examines the system of procedural relations of expert activity participants that is demonstrated in art. 17, 37, 57,58,74, 80, 84, 87, 88, 282 of the RF Code of Criminal Procedure.) It is noted that during the second period of its development (the 90s of the 20th century - early 21st century) "non-classical problems" in the development of forensic activities became vital. It is argued that, when special knowledge is integrated into court proceedings, a non-classical concept, in which the influence of neo-epistemological trends become stronger, gains popularity in its turn. It is determined that the identified aspects of scientific knowledge form a system of forensic expert knowledge in the context of forensic and art expertise.

State and Perspectives of Development of the European Space of Education and Science: the System of Scientific Knowledge for a Period of Life

State and Perspectives of Development of the European Space of Education and Science: the System of Scientific Knowledge for a Period of Life

ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CRITERIA AND EFFICIENCY INDICATORS

The ongoing implementation of the Bologna Process in Europe prompts comparisons with international competitors and efforts to match their quality assurance standards. Higher education institutions must be effective to succeed in research, to provide best academic practices and high quality of studies. Terminological system of pedagogical science and practice of higher education reflects the goals, values and problems, structure and system of scientific knowledge of the XXI century. The process for content analysis is designed to achieve the objective analysis possible by defining the process of the qualities and characteristics to be measured in HE. The article provides definitions of basic concepts that describe the features of tools for measuring and assessing in higher education. A comparative analysis of the practice of applying criteria & indicators is made on materials of English-language publications. Starting from a conceptual discussion around commonly used terms, such as, «criterion» and «indicator», the author has shown that these terms do not have a single universal meaning. The analysis shows that there is no common understanding of what criteria-based means or what it implies for practice. Instead, they belong to a wide conceptual field, which covers various overlapping or closely related topics. This paper addresses the nature of the concept of criteria in relation to higher education. This paper provides examples of use different sets of criteria for the accreditation and external evaluation of Higher education institutions and study programmes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, recognised by the EU as a «potential candidate country». In accordance with the constitutional structure of BiH, there are several regulations for external QA which are combined for each accreditation procedure. The project «Strengthening Institutional Capacity for Quality Assurance» (2013-2015) aims to support the full implementation of the ESG at all levels and to carry out accreditations of all HEIs in the country. In the process of analyzing the institutional practice of the country the problem of harmonizing national criteria with updated ESG2015 for licensing, conducting accreditation of higher education institutions and educational programs has been raised. The author analyses ways of thinking about the practice of applying the indicators for the sphere of higher education. It is stated, that the concepts of «effectiveness» and «efficiency» are often confused. The peculiarities of using the indicator panels (OECD, World Bank, European Union) are described for measuring the quality at the level of the education system.

СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ПОГЛЯДИ Й НАПРЯМИ НАУКОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОЛЕКСАНДРА ЧЕРНЯХІВСЬКОГО

In the article, the formation of national beliefs of the well-known Ukrainian public and political figure Oleksandr Cherniakhivsky at the end of the XIX-th century has been analyzed. The significance and influence of the Ukrainian Hromada and its most famous representatives, V. Antonovych, O. Konyskyi, on the development of young O. Cherniakhivsky’s outlook and the formation of his attitude towards the ways of solving the Ukrainian issue in the Russian Empire have been considered. Also, the article analyzes the participation of O. Cherniakhivsky in various cultural, educational and scientific projects in which the scientist had an opportunity to realize that the destructive national policy of the Russian Empire hindered the development of the Ukrainian nation as well as other peoples of the state. On the basis of archival materials and unpublished sources it has been revealed that O. Cherniakhivsky perceived his membership in the "Brotherhood of Tarasivtsy", the participation in the Kyiv Old Hromada, and the organizational work at the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv as a personal contribution to the development of domestic science and, generally, as an opportunity for the Ukrainian people to prove their right to exist as a whole nation in spite of resistance from the Russian power. Furthemore, the social and political convictions of O. Cherniakhivsky and their continuous evolution during the revolutionary period of 1917-1918 and the struggle for independence in 1918-1921 have been investigated. It has been revealed that at that time he gave up the method of revolutionary struggle. Instead, he chose the evolutionary preparation of compatriots to the formation of their own statehood through the establishment of major public institutions such as the Ukrainian People's University, the Medical Faculty, and the Association of Ukrainian Doctors, etc. Moreover, O. Cherniakhivsky considered an established system of scientific knowledge and terminology to be a necessary ingredient of the development of the Ukrainian nation. Therefore, throughout all his life he was engaged in the improvement of scientific dictionaries, terminology and popularization of the Ukrainian scientific language.

Educación superior intercultural y diálogo de saberes: el caso de la Amawtay Wasi en Ecuador

This article demonstrates the influence and importance of Intercultural Bilingual Education in the plurinational and intercultural state-building process in Ecuador. It also highlights the tensions and contradictions generated within the Ecuadorian educational system, when faced with the task of creating spaces for dialogue between scientific and traditional knowledge systems. The analysis of the Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural de Nacionalidades y Pueblos Indígenas Amawtay Wasi (uinpi-aw) makes clear that, beyond state discourse, interculturality is still a concept under construction. Apart from a limited practice at the institutional level, the establishment of interculturality as a guiding, organic principle of such a diverse society requires a critical thinking approach as well as political will.

Historiographic Aspects of Studying the Phenomenon of Pedagogical Mastery (Analysis of Ukrainian and Foreign Scholars′ Views)

Abstract The article is devoted to scientific analysis of the phenomenon of pedagogical mastery. Research findings on pedagogical mastery, pedagogical creativity, pedagogical technologies have been studied in the light of historical and pedagogical paradigm. In addition, various scientific approaches and views of scholars on the essence of pedagogical mastery have been considered and the ambiguity of their scientific interpretations has been justified. The scientific category of pedagogical mastery is regarded as a social, cultural and historical phenomenon, caused by the challenges of society in line with the relevant social priorities and directions according to the goals and objectives of a particular historical period. Subsequently, complexity and multidimensionality of the notion of pedagogical mastery and presence of various scientific approaches (technological, creative, personality- and activitybased) to interpreting the scientific category have been proved. Based on the current sociocultural situation, the relevance of researches on pedagogical mastery as a scientific category has been proved and its role in training future teachers, which can be considered as a certain teaching strategy and factor in forming their readiness for innovative activity has been defined. It has been found out that diversity and interdisciplinarity of pedagogical mastery in the system of scientific knowledge promote methodological strategies for its research, the need for their systematization and complex implementation.

Place of controlling in the system of scientific knowledge and its national peculiarities

The article shows the place of controlling in the general system of scientific economic knowledge. Comparative characteristics of controlling, control and management accounting are given. The history of the origin and evolution of controlling is analyzed. Comparison of various national schools of controlling (American and European) is given. The state of Russian science in this area is characterized.

Concept of self-actualization of personality in humanistic psychology

In the research, based on the reflexive analysis of the works of A. Maslov, K. Rogers, G. Olport, V. Frankl, E. Fromm, D. Schultz and other representatives of humanistic psychology, the content and semantic-meaning invariants of the most important for it idea-concept of personality who is self-actualizing is revealed. A notable feature of the highlighted concept is that meaning-conceptual horizons of this idea reveal, affirm and specify an optimistic view on human nature, enriching the world of modern psychology with two dimensions of existence: a) a system of scientific knowledge about the reserves and possibilities of high manifestations of the human spirit and personal growth and b) wide involvement of works of psychological science to the formulation and solution fateful preservation and sustainable development of humanity problems, including prevention, support and restoration of mental health of citizens. The external conditions and internal factors and psychological mechanisms of self-actualization are described, features-qualities of a mentally healthy personality are characterized, transcendence as a higher level of developmental functioning of self-actualization is substantiated, and also philosophical, social and pedagogical aspects, advantages and limitations, real achievements and prospects of perfection of given concept are discussed.

Problems of use of fingerprint information in the investigation of crimes

The article examines some of the problems of using fingerprint information in the process of detection, investigation and prevention of crime. Characterized in detail the stages of fingerprint examination. The article analysed modern scientific views and ways of development and improvement of fingerprinting. In forensic science one of the earliest is traces of the doctrine of human hands, given the origin and history of use in the detection and investigation of crimes. Study of fingerprint knowledge, especially in their use of a pre-trial investigation enable to select individual events, describing the main features of the formation of this important section of forensic science and necessary activity that contributes to the detection and investigation of crimes. Obviously, fingerprint traces, as a reflection of morphological features hands and skin relief and unique features of papillary patterns, their uniqueness, individuality and immutability has long been interested in mankind. The current state of criminalistics, held in its development long way from its disparate formerly separate branches to the system of scientific knowledge before high levels of integrated implementation of the purposes of justice of scientific and technological progress, the deep development of methodological problems, tactics and methods of crime investigation. Today forensics enables high accuracy to identify the footsteps of palms or fingers. Traces of hands, which were found at the scene, is irrefutable proof that a person was at this place. One of the most critical problems is to ensure the quality of pre-trial investigation. The main purpose is scientific support for forensic practice of pre-trial investigation against crime. I must say that prompt and full disclosure of crimes is achieved during the pre-trial investigation. Using achieve natural and technical sciences, studying and summarizing good practice solving crimes, criminologists, create new, more sophisticated methods and means of fighting crime.

Ядро деятельностной концепции технологии УДЕ в обучении учащихся геометрии

The core of the concept allows to characterize the specifics
 of any pedagogical concept and to enable the theoretical and
 logical inference of its key provisions. It is formed by the basic laws
 and principles of the concept as a system of scientific knowledge.
 The activity concept of the technology of extend didactic units
 (EDU) is based on the idea of an action enlargement, as a fundamental
 strategic component. Then one of the components of the
 core of the activity concept EDU, explaining the regularities of its
 functioning, is the system of an action enlargement as didactic
 units.
 The given paper is reveals the gradual construction of a final (noncomputer)
 model of system of this enlargement using the phased
 construction of the auxiliary models: informational and symbolic.
 Also the mechanism of an action enlargement based on this model
 is described. Thus the essence of the model and the mechanism
 of an enlargement are showed on the subject material of the school
 course of geometry.

African universities on a global ranking scale: Legitimation of knowledge hierarchies?

In this theoretical paper, I argue that the interconnection between the excruciating superiority of the West to conflate its own prototype of society with the ideal state of being is manifested through the heirarchisation of knowledge in the name of the university global rankings. My case is that by accepting the centre–periphery disjunction within the knowledge–power dynamic through situating African universities within the global university rankings is only an entrenched fashion of endorsing the legitimation of the heirarchisation of knowledge. Ranking universities on the league table puts western scientific knowledge systems at the epitome against the local and African indigenous knowledges seating at the bottom of the global knowledge ladder. Arguing from a critical theory perspective, I submit that the elite universities domiciled in the world's wealthiest economies enjoy a disparate influence over the international standards for scholarship and knowledge processes while denigrating African ways and sources of knowing by placing them at the bottom of the knowledge pyramid. While acknowledging the need for excellence and competitiveness on a global scale, I advance and provide strong evidence that knowledge processes in African universities should not be measured against western –dominated processes due to the uniqueness of each. Conversely, I forward the case that each system of knowing is distinct and placing them on an equal pedestal is indefensible and therefore illegitimate. To that end, I make proposals for African universities to find alternatives to global university rankings that measure their own competitiveness.

Participatory Geographic Information Systems as an Organizational Platform for the Integration of Traditional and Scientific Knowledge in Contemporary Fire and Fuels Management

Traditional knowledge about fire and its effects held by indigenous people, who are connected to specific landscapes, holds promise for informing contemporary fire and fuels management strategies and augmenting knowledge and information derived from western science. In practice, however, inadequate means to organize and communicate this traditional knowledge with scientists and managers can limit its consideration in decisions, requiring novel approaches to interdisciplinary and cross-cultural communication and collaboration. We propose that Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) is one platform for the assemblage and communication of traditional knowledge vital to fire and fuels management, while preserving linkages to broader cultural contexts. We provide summaries of four preliminary case studies in the Intermountain West of North America to illustrate different potential applications of a PGIS tool in this context and describe some remaining challenges. Management and Policy Implications: Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) can offer a powerful approach for enhancing current decisionmaking by allowing for the integration of traditional and scientific knowledge systems with spatial environmental data in an interactive participatory process. Integrated data sets can allow traditional and scientific knowledge experts to share, explore, manage, analyze, and interpret multidimensional data in a common spatial context to develop more informed management decisions. Such combined data sets could provide a more comprehensive assessment of fire-related ecological change than is currently used in decisionmaking and enhance inclusion of effects on local resource utility values and areas of cultural significance. The use of a PGIS interface creates opportunities for traditional knowledge holders to share information and potential prescriptions while maintaining confidentiality. Knowledge integration efforts using PGIS as an organizational tool would help to bridge the communication gap that commonly exists between scientists, managers, and traditional knowledge holders as ecosystems continue to be altered through processes of land management and climate change.

A hybrid-epistemological approach to climate change research: Linking scientific and smallholder knowledge systems in the Ecuadorian Andes

Abstract Effective responses to the impacts of climate change require the recognition that people conceptualize and experience environmental changes differently, and require the support of a range of global-to-local interdisciplinary efforts that allow a dialog between the biophysical and social sciences. In this study, we use a hybrid epistemological framework that integrates scientifc and local knowledge systems, methodological approaches, and geographic scopes to: 1) shed light on climate change in the equatorial Andes as reported by scientific and local knowledge systems, and 2) understand the role that climate factors play on land use and agricultural change in natural resource dependent communities in the region. We analyzed weather station (n = 5) data and downscaled climate data using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, and spatial analysis techniques to detect spatio-temporal climate trends between 1965 and 2013. We also analyzed climate variability in the past four decades using qualitative information derived from a semi-structured survey (n = 36) and life history smallholder interviews (n = 8) collected in three research sites. Our study reveals significant warming trends in the region which is corroborated by local reports. Precipitation records show high inter-annual variability, with no significant decreasing or increasing trends, which contradicts people’s views in two of our research sites. Our study shows that although climate change appears to be a factor that influences farmers’ agricultural and livestock-production practices, other non-climatic forces play a more important role in determining their intensity and adoption. Despite site-level divergences and convergences, scientific and local knowledge systems can be woven together to expand our understanding of the physical and human manifestations of climate change.

TARGET FUNCTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING

The article proves that environmental education and upbringing form the system of scientific knowledge, views, and beliefs that provide people’s responsible attitude to the environment in all spheres of their activity. In relation to the functions of the agricultural universities environmental education is focused on compliance with the principles and requirements of environmental imperative, according to which all anti-environmental technologies should be excluded from the practice of agricultural specialists.

FUNCTIONALISM AS A LINGUISTIC TREND

The topic of the research is particularly relevant because the analysis of similarities and distinctive features of linguistic trends that have developed in different countries of the world is particularly important against the background of convergence of the various national linguistic schools. The article describes the main characteristics of functionalism as a system of scientific knowledge, characterizes the subject and methods of functional linguistics, and describes the distinctive features of functionalism.

과학적 소양에 대한 세 가지 논의 -통합적 이해, 교육과정에의 정착, 시민교육을 중심으로-

많은 과학교육학자들이 주요 과학학습목표로 관심을 가져온 과학적 소양(SL: Scientific Literacy)에 대해서는 아직도 많은 논쟁거리가 있다. 본 논문에서는 그러한 다양한 논쟁들 중에서 3가지에 초점을 맞추어 논의하였다. 첫째, SL의 구성요소와 유형에 대한 관점이 다양하다는 점, 둘째, SL 중심의 교육과정과 과학개념체계 중심의 교육과정간의 조화가 어렵다는 점, 셋째, 학교에서 과학학습을 받은 성인의 SL이 특별히 높지 않다는 점. 이에 대해 본 논문에서는 3가지 제안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 3차원틀로 구성된 SL모형을 제안하고, 활용 사례를 제시하였다. 둘째, 초등 및 중학교 과정에서는 SL중심의 교육과정으로 구성하고, 고등학교에서는 미래 직업을 위한 준비과정으로서 과학개념체계 중심의 교육과정을 구성하는 방식으로 이원화된 교육과정을 운영한다. 셋째, 성인들의 SL을 위해서는 학교 안 교육뿐 아니라, 평생교육으로 연계될 필요가 있다. 결론에서는 SL에 대한 3가지 논의와 제안에 대해서 추가적으로 고려할 점들을 기술하였다. There have been many discussions about scientific literacy (SL), which caused many science educators concern for many years. This paper focuses on three aspects about SL. First, there are various opinions, and components or types of SL. Second, it has been pointed out that the reconciliation between curriculum focusing on SL and curriculum focusing on scientific knowledge system is difficult. Third, the level of SL of citizens who learned science in schools is not so high. Related to these aspects, this paper suggests three recommendations. First, the paper suggests three dimensional model of SL and some examples of its application. Second, elementary and middle school focus on SL in their science curriculum and high school focuses on scientific knowledge system in the curriculum for preparing for future jobs. Third, we need to give efforts to lifelong science eduction for citizens' SL as well as school teachings for SL. In the conclusion section, it is described what aspects should be additionally considered for the discussions and recommendations about three aspects of SL.

Studying Science and Social Inequalities: Resurgences and Divergences

Spontaneous Generations deserves credit for calling attention to the histories and futures of scholarship that critically investigates the science/technology/inequality nexus. My own suggestion in this regard is modest: Rather than assuming that there is any single or obvious way in which scientific knowledge and technologies, on the one hand, and social inequalities, on the other, might be related (causally or otherwise), we ought to embrace complexity by considering some of the different sorts of things that the phrase “science and social inequality” might connote. However, I should signal from the outset that I won’t be taking for granted that the “reproduction” of inequality—that is, how “science and technology reflect and create social inequalities,” to quote from the opening sentence of the call for papers for this special issue—is the only relevant mode of activity that we ought to examine. Instead I will assume it to be helpful to consider how scientific knowledge and technological systems might be related to reproducing, reinforcing, chal lenging, transforming, or eliminating inequalities. As an (admittedly inadequate) gesture at the kind of complexity I hope to signal, I will take up just three of many possible points of linkage between technoscience and the reproduction of, reinforcement of, challenge to, transformation of, or elimination of inequalities. These are: the causes and consequences of unequal access to participation in knowledge-making; scientific practices of difference-making and their consequences for social categories, identities, and hierarchies; and the scientization of everyday concepts and its implications for inequalities. The first case, that of unequal access to participation in knowledge-making, relates to a growth area in STS, where scholars

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ORGANIZING TERRORIST COMMUNITY AND PARTICIPATION IN IT AS A DIRECTION NATIONAL SECURITY

The aim of the present work is to develop a comprehensive scientific understanding of the criminal responsibility for a terrorist organization and community participation in it as the directions of national security. To achieve this goal the author was raised a number of scientific tasks, in particular the study of certain provisions of the National Security Strategy, the main threats to the state and public security of the Russian Federation, the main directions of ensuring state and public security, public areas and ensuring public safety. In the study, the author used scientific methods (hypothesis, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction), special used historical, legal and technical, interdisciplinary, comparative legal, system and other methods of scientific knowledge. The author researches of the problems of qualification of crimes related to the terrorist organization and community participation in it are discussed in detail. The article analyzes the modern jurisprudence on the application of Article 205.4 and 205.5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author examines the conditions of qualification criminal groups as a terrorist or terrorist organization community. The author comes to the conclusion about the need to improve the legal regulation of criminal responsibility for the commission of terrorist-related crimes. So, the author proposes to supplement the dispositions of article 205.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation indicating that the terrorist community a stable group of persons can be considered, united not only in Russia, but also in other states as well as international organizations, concerned other grounds specified in Art. 205.4 of the Criminal Code. The author considers it necessary to clarify the question of qualification of crimes under Art. 205.4 and 205.5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the Resolution of the Plenum of the Russian Federation Armed Forces.

Критерии в системе научного знания

Критерии в системе научного знания