Scientific Knowledge Systems Research Articles

Indigenous Experiences and Contributions to Western Scientific Knowledge Systems: An Ethnographic Exploration

Knowledge systems are embedded in sets of values, worldviews, and cosmologies that affect the whole process of knowledge production. Employing an ethnographic method that integrates participant observation, interviews, and focus groups, I explore the contributions, ideas, points of view, and metaphors that individuals of Indigenous origins introduce to the scientific method when they enter Western scientific knowledge systems. This ethnographic exploration focuses on a group of students with a variety of Indigenous backgrounds participating in a field course on introduction to Ecology. Native-born students contribute innovations to the knowledge production process by shaping research questions, methodologies, and result interpretations. These innovations stem from diverse worldviews and epistemologies, and while they could significantly impact scientific knowledge production, the students may not fully appreciate their own relevance. This work may serve as a testimony of the processes of reflection and negotiation with the scientific methods, practices, and values that native students undergo when participating in a Western scientific context.

Structure of pressology as a system of scientific knowledge

Structure of pressology as a system of scientific knowledge

Human Anthropometric Indicators for the Preparation of Simulation Models

Normal human anthropometric parameters are used in the development of medical rehabilitation techniques, in the performance of surgical techniques used for normal human functioning. In order to perform these operations successfully, it is necessary to model normal human physical characteristics and, based on these models, perform the operations correctly. Normal anatomical characteristics have a positive effect on the physiological state of the person. The relevance of the research stimulates the development of the science of valeology and increases the relevance and practical significance of the topic. Prosthetics of organs lost in wars and accidents are also performed on the basis of computer models. The science of digital anthropology is modeling human anthropometrics, and practically important predictions are being made based on this modeling. Digital anthropology is based on the research of modern technology to compile a database of the most diverse anthropological indicators of people. Anthropology occupies a special place in the system of scientific knowledge about the world, because it is a field of science that studies the origin, development and role of humans in nature and society. In modern medicine, mathematical and graphic modeling of human anatomical and anthropological indicators is required in all fields. Anthropometric indicators of humans are taken as the basis in surgery, military science, sports. The structure of shoulders, diaphragm, hips, face, and the age of a human being can also be defined by these anthropometric indicators.

Activities for detection, disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses

The purpose of the article is a scientific analysis of the activity of detection, disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses. Such activity is a specific type of professional socially useful activity carried out by subjects (investigator, inquirer, operational unit employee, detective, etc.) with the aim of establishing the truth, based on procedural evidence in criminal proceedings. It has been proven that the construction of a coherent, logically consistent, comprehensive system of scientific knowledge, which characterizes the activity of detection, disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses, is still ongoing in criminology. It is concluded that the successful detection of criminal offenses can be carried out only when the subject of activity adheres to the principles of ensuring the necessary effectiveness. For the successful implementation of such principles, not only forensic knowledge is needed, but also the creation of a certain integrated system of detection of criminal offenses. The structure of detection of criminal offenses is proposed, which can become the theoretical basis of such a system. The author came to the conclusion that in criminology, a criminal offense is considered to be solved on the condition that the factual circumstances essential for the resolution of the proceedings, as well as the person who committed this offense, are established. The detection of a crime is not something separate from the investigation or something that complements it, but should be considered as its informational, cognitive, technological aspect, which distinguishes a complex of forensic operations, methods, techniques and means for a consistent, step-by- step solution to the strategic and tactical tasks of the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses It is shown that the structure of activities for the investigation of criminal offenses includes the following main elements: the subject of activity (makes all decisions on carrying out certain procedural actions); functions of the subject of activity (search and cognitive functions are recognized as the main ones); the purpose of the activity (establishing the truth in criminal proceedings and creating appropriate conditions for the correct application of the law); procedural tasks, which are solved in the form of tactics (detection of the crime, exposure of the guilty, provision of compensation for the damage caused by the offense, etc.); general object of activity (cognition by the subject of activity of an event with signs of a criminal offense); subject of activity (forensically significant information). The mechanism of direct implementation of the activity of detecting disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses is analyzed. Its exploratory and cognitive, problem-solving, situational and sometimes urgent character was established. It has been proven that from the point of view of criminology, establishing the truth during the detection, disclosure and investigation of a criminal offense means mentally recreating (according to the collected factual data) the investigated event in its essential legally significant features, with the subsequent reflection of its mental model-image in the relevant procedural documents . It was concluded that effective, i.e., fast, rational, high-quality and productive activities for the detection, disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses are impossible without proper organizational support, which means the creation of the necessary conditions (prerequisites) for the subject to optimally achieve the goal of this activity.

Fostering fisheries futures: the promise of localized stewardship education in Nunatsiavut

Nunatsiavut is a self-governing Inuit territory in northern coastal Labrador, where cultural knowledge and social values are incorporated into co-managed subsistence and commercial fisheries. Snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), known as Putjotik in Inuttitut (the Nunatsiavut dialect of Inuktitut), is a co-managed fishery through the Torngat Joint Fisheries Board (TJFB) and plays a crucial role in sustaining the community of Makkovik. Arctic Char (IKaluk) is also harvested in co-managed subsistence and commercial fisheries, and is a staple in local economies and culture. In 2022, the TJFB partnered with Inuit educators to foster youth stewardship in a project called Paigitsiaguk. The Paigitsiaguk project bridges Inuit and scientific knowledge to nurture cultural values and environmental stewardship through providing place and land-based resources to educators. The project team created a comprehensive database of curriculum outcomes required by the Newfoundland and Labrador school system, and then designed culturally relevant learning activities that presented Inuit knowledge with science and social studies for students in Nunatsiavut. These resources include learning activities that are organized into education kits: one of which is centered on Putjotik and another on IKaluk. The Putjotik kit has 23 activities tailored to meet grade-specific learning outcomes, while the IKaluk kit provides 12 place-based learning activities appropriate for multiple grade levels. By providing localized and culturally relevant education resources to teachers that revolve around stewarding local fish species and their ecosystems, youth are connecting to their communities and to the coastal environment. Educational resources and learning activities reflect Inuit and scientific knowledge systems, and position teachers as facilitators to encourage students to learn from the land and Elders, knowledge holders, fishers, scientists, and managers. This paper reflects the promising futures that this work can contribute to; from facilitating intergenerational knowledge transmission from knowledge holders to youth, to encouraging self-determined stewardship activities that encourage care for the ocean and its fisheries.

МЕСТО И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЕВЕДЕНИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ

The article is devoted to theoretical and applied principles that reveal the place and significance of forensic weapons science in the system of modern forensic scientific knowledge. The state of its scientific development within the framework of the forensic technology section at the present time is examined. The increased importance of forensic weapons science in the activities of law enforcement agencies in solving and investigating crimes is substantiated. The essential characteristics of foren-sic weapons science in the process of investigative activities are revealed. Promising directions for the development of forensic weapons science in the short term are substantiated.

Weaving scientific and local knowledge on climate change impacts in coastal Kenya, Western Indian Ocean

Climate change poses severe threats to coastal social-ecological systems (SES) worldwide. Recent calls recognize the importance of including Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in research on climate change impacts. Yet studies that have attempted to weave ILK and scientific knowledge have seldom considered the gendered nature of climate change impacts. Building on the literature on gender and climate change and knowledge pluralism, this study contributes to addressing this research gap by exploring local knowledge on climate change impacts and its relation to scientific knowledge through a gendered approach and focusing on the Western Indian Ocean region, and more specifically on Kenya. We adopted a mixed methodology combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. We found evidence of pronounced climate change impacts on coastal SES both in the scientific literature and in local reports. Our findings highlight that there is an extensive overlap between information derived from scientific and local knowledge systems. Importantly, our study revealed reports of change that were only provided by SSF communities, namely changes in coastal dynamics, a decrease in rainfall, and a decrease in the abundance of green algae. Although we found gendered variations in changes reported by SSF communities, gendered differences of climate change impacts on SSF were not detected in the reviewed literature. Overall, our results suggest that knowledge cross-fertilization generates a holistic, relational, and place-based view of climate change impacts, which may support sound and gender-inclusive adaptive policies. We conclude by suggesting key policy recommendations for climate adaptation and risk management

Юридическая логика: генезис, значение и место в современной теории государства и права

This paper examines the theoretical and historical issues of the emergence, formation and development of special legal logic, and predicts possible trends in the further development of legal logic as a special theory of state and law. The question of the relationship between special legal logic and general formal logic is considered. The author's view on the periodization of the formation and historical development of legal logic as a scientific discipline about the laws of legal thinking is given. Within the framework of this work, the question of the relationship and role of metaphysical and dialectical methods in legal research, which is important for the methodology of legal science, is examined, the historical relationship of these methods is considered, an attempt is made on the basis of scientific sources on which the authors relied when preparing this study, as well as with taking into account the author’s own position developed when working on this research, forecast trends in the further development of legal logic and identify emerging trends in the development of legal methodological research. For the purpose of studying the problems of interaction between logical and legal sciences, determining the subject of legal logic by considering historical examples of attempts to “logize” state legal phenomena using universal logical constructions, the result of which, contrary to the expectations of the researchers carrying them out, was the reverse process of “legalization” of the applied universal logical constructions, their enrichment with the specifics of state-legal phenomena and institutions, justifying the independence of the subject area of legal logic, special attention in this work is paid to the study of the process of transformation of the metaphysical theory of G.V.F. Hegel into his political dialectics. For the purpose of identifying trends in the development of the methodological foundation of legal logic, this work examines the problems of the relationship between rationalistic and empirical approaches in legal research. At the conclusion of this study, the authors consider the question of the possibility of forming special theories of state and law, which was previously raised by Professor A.B. Vengerov, outlines the author's approach to this issue, and proposes an approach to the question of the place of legal logic in the system of scientific knowledge as a special theory of state and law.

Epistemological features of synthetic biology in the context of the typology of scientific rationality by V.S. Stepin

The article examines the epistemological role of synthetic biology in the context of the transformation of forms of scientific knowledge. The main focus is on technoscience and synthetic biology, the grounds for its use as a representative of the current stage of scientific knowledge development. The author defines synthetic biology, its goals, methods, and general status in the system of scientific knowledge, and also examines both the existing and possible epistemological usefulness of this scientific branch. Attention is paid to the logical justification of the paradoxical states of synthetic biology. The results reflect the possible forms in which the epistemological usefulness of the scientific direction will be most relevant.

PROFESSIONAL FORMATION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES: MODERN CHALLENGES

The article substantiates the need to analyze the challenges of the present in order to determine the directions of improving the professional formation of public authorities. Attention is drawn to the need to master new areas of work in local governments. It is proposed to pay attention to the patriotic component in teaching different disciplines in higher education institutions, giving heroic examples to resist the Russian invaders. It is emphasized on the need to use the social capital of internally displaced persons, involve them in joint activities in territorial communities, in which they are forced to stay in these difficult times for each person. It is noted that the increase in social and human capital is extremely important, both for everyone and for the formation of a successful civil society as a whole. It is proved that the study of the components of social capital of internally displaced persons and ways of its implementation in the new conditions is also a challenge and a topical problem of the present. It is noted that the study of the nature of conflict, its functions and consequences in the public administration and administration system is especially relevant. Therefore, the problems of conflict and managing them in territorial communities, especially in the military and post -war period, remains urgent, and the training of officials (employees) of public authorities of efficient communication, forming a culture of effective interaction, understanding and dialogue comes to the fore. It is stated that the value-legal aspects of the activity of public authorities should provide an understanding of legal phenomena in public servants through a system of scientific knowledge and ideological concepts that objectively reflect the legal reality in service in local self-government bodies.

Competitiveness and sustainability of land use: book review

This work presents a review of the actual monograph “Financial support for the formation of sustainable competitiveness of land use of agricultural enterprises” prepared by Professor, DrS, PhD Anatolii Kucher. The main provisions of the fundamental monograph and its contribution to the development of the modern system of scientific knowledge on the theory, methodology and practice of financial support for the sustainable competitiveness of land use of agricultural enterprises are presented.

Features of interdisciplinary connections between natural and humanities disciplines in the context of a competency-based approach to teaching staff training

Relevance. In modern conditions, interdisciplinary links have acquired the character of integrated cognition, which contributed to the formation of a holistic system of scientific knowledge about a single picture of the world without dividing it into natural sciences and humanities and required the elimination of isolation in the study of the content of relevant academic disciplines.Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the importance of interdisciplinary links between natural sciences and humanities as a means of developing the scientific world-view of future teachers.Methodology. In the course of the work the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, systematization, generalization, forecasting were used, among empirical ones � the method of testing.Results. The study explored the difference and commonality between natural sciences and humanities with their identical structural composition (facts, concepts, phenomena, theories) as the basis of the method of formation of students� scientific consciousness, which contributes to the implementation of the educational goal, that is, the formation of students� knowledge integrity in the designated directions. The significance of interdisciplinary links as a fundamental means of competence-based approach to education is revealed.Conclusions. It is concluded that the conditions of quality implementation of interdisciplinary links in teacher training are mandatory at every stage of higher education. The main requirements for the implementation of interdisciplinarity aimed at the study of natural sciences and humanities should be fulfilled starting from primary grades. The growth of the diversity of sciences should take place in the conditions of integration and orderliness, which contributes to the enrichment of science at the level of integrative holistic complex. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained in the design and implementation of curricula and work programmes for the professional training of teaching staff.

The Construction of Scientific Knowledge System of Dance Teachers in General Institutions of Higher Education

Dance science remains a prominent topic within contemporary dance education, especially receiving considerable attention in the realm of dance professional education. However, as vital establishments for cultivating dance art talents, conventional higher education institutions demonstrate inadequacies in the dance science knowledge among dance educators, notably constraining their ability to cultivate specialized talents. Hence, there is a need to amalgamate theoretical knowledge from dance science research with the practical requirements of dance educators in these institutions to construct a dance science knowledge framework tailored for their use. This not only accentuates the research value of dance science but also aligns with the practical necessities of dance pedagogy. This paper proposes the construction of a scientific knowledge framework for dance educators, encompassing constituent elements of dance science knowledge and the integration framework of knowledge systems. Through leveraging the subjective initiative of dance educators, while simultaneously addressing the universal and individualized needs of students, it emphasizes the dual significance of theoretical foundations and practical applications to facilitate the establishment of a scientific knowledge framework for dance educators.

Teaching methods of Marxist-Leninist Theorical subjects in current universities are being innovated

Marxist-Leninist theoretical subjects serve the basic function of providing a clear ideal orientation to a system of scientific and modern political theoretical knowledge; at the same time, it provides students with methodology and specialized research methods, which are applied in practice in a positive and effective manner, contributing to the formation of scientific theoretical thinking in students... An key aspect in creating high-quality human resources to satisfy the country's development needs in the current moment is to pay attention to the question of teaching and learning Marxism-Leninism in universities. This essay seeks to clarify the need for universities to reinvent teaching techniques for Marxist-Leninist theoretical subjects, and to offer steps to innovate teaching methods for Marxist-Leninist theoretical subjects in the contemporary moment.

International legal issues and problems of implementation in the field of maritime transport safety: review and constructive theses

The work examines various aspects of international legal regulation of maritime transport safety through the analysis of the international legal mechanism of such, assessment of the challenges and threats emerging in modern times. The problems of the implementation of international legal norms in the field of maritime transport safety in Russian criminal legislation are considered, on the basis of which measures are proposed to improve and bring to compliance with the norms of law. In order to organize effective legal security in maritime transport, it is necessary to summarize the international regulatory framework for countering threats to maritime transport security; identify current trends in maritime transport security; substantiate the author's proposals for improving legal regulation in the field of maritime transport security organization. The solution of these tasks is identified by the author in the system of norms of international legal regulation of safety in maritime transport, as well as in the consideration of the international legal mechanism and the problems of implementing the norms of international maritime law in domestic legislation to ensure safety in maritime transport. The main heuristic means and methods used in research are complex and systemic varieties of scientific analysis and synthesis of data, analogy of information and characteristics, the method of advancing and verifying theoretical and legal hypotheses, generalization of conceptual provisions, functional cognition, historical and formal legal methods. The main scientific results of the work include the fact that the author has revealed the dynamics of the development of the legal mechanism for ensuring safety in maritime transport and verified its periodization, established an international legal mechanism for ensuring safety in maritime transport, and separated threats to safety in maritime transport. The scientific significance of the study is that it has formed a system of scientific international legal knowledge reflecting the contradictions between the needs of practical safety in maritime transport and the possibilities of its legal regulation in modern conditions, as well as possible ways to eliminate it. It is recommended to introduce the main scientific results of the conducted research into the process of teaching legal disciplines of transport and other educational organizations, as well as for further research.

Holistic approach to the management of innovative projects in agriculture: book review

This work presents a review of the actual monograph “Economic bases of management of innovative projects of enterprises of agrarian sector: theory and practice” prepared by Professor, DrS, PhD Lesia Kucher. The main provisions of the monograph and its contribution to the development of the modern system of scientific knowledge on the theory, methodology and practice of managing innovative projects of enterprises in the agricultural sector are revealed.

Criminalistics: The Place in the System of Scientific Knowledge and Its Nature

The key role in the development of fundamental and applied sciences at the present stage of scientific and technological progress is played by various processes of integration and differentiation of scientific knowledge, including the increase, expansion and deepening, in particular, of academic sciences. At the same time, new trends in development are being studied and traditional, long-established ideas about their place and role in the system of scientific branches of knowledge are being reconsidered. Today, there is clearly a situation in which the desire to revise, correct, develop something new (different) has become a very common phenomenon. One of these sciences is criminalistics. Scientific ideas about its subject have changed several times since its inception. The purpose of this study is to identify the most common ideas about the nature and character of the science; establish changes in the content and motives for reconsidering its key provisions. The source of the data were the results of a study of the most famous forensic scientists of the middle and end of the last century, as well as some fundamental works of the author’s teams of the last years of the publication. In the course of the study, four scientific concepts on the subject of criminalistics were identified, a brief description of them was given.

Метафизика Аристотеля

The article offers a new reconstruction of Aristotle's metaphysics, showing what place metaphysics occupies in the Aristotelian system of scientific knowledge, what its subject matter is, and into what parts it naturally divides. The author discusses in detail the Aristotelian doctrine of categories; his theory of essence; the doctrine of potential and actual being; explanatory model of four causes and the doctrine of the divine Intellect, in which metaphysics meets theology. In expounding the Aristotelian doctrine of essence, the author challenges the traditional view that the theory of essence in the Categories, where concrete things are recognized as essences in the strict and proper sense of the word, is radically different from the theory of essence in Metaphysics VII (Z), where essence is identified with form. The author shows that in both treatises Aristotle regards essence as identical with the concrete thing, but only in so far as it is taken without its accidental properties and reduced solely to the substantive ones.

ეროვნული უშიშროების თეორიის კვლევის მეთოდოლოგიის თავისებურება

The complex of concepts describing unified system of national security, threats, risks, challenges, and the resisting counter-system, is the most problematic aspect of the methodology of ensuring and studying national security. It should be clarified what sphere is given to the theory of national security in the system of scientific knowledge. It is important to determine its relationship with both the specialized theories of security and social, humanitarian, natural science, etc. It should be specified: which field of scientific knowledge does the theory of national security belong to, which sciences are its philosophical and methodological foundations, which sciences does it interact with, and for which it acts as an ideological and methodological landmark. It is of great importance to fully understand the general theory of national security, because it allows to clearly outline the mechanisms and processes specific to the field of national security of Georgia.

Problems and prospects of the development of social and human sciences in the system of scientific knowledge

Problems and prospects of the development of social and human sciences in the system of scientific knowledge