Scientific Rules Research Articles

An Example of Using Advanced Excel Applications Within the Scope of Financial Mathematics Calculations: Modelling of Calculations Related to Annuities in Microsoft Excel Program

Financial mathematics applications, form the mathematical basis for rational financial decisions within the scope of financial management. Carrying out financial management in line with the scientific rules is of vital importance for businesses to sustain their existence and carry out their activities effectively and efficiently. In this context, the ability to carry out financial management rationally is only based on the correct determination of the mathematical datas (etc. time value of money) that forms the basis for decisions. The use of technology in this area is very important and technology level in this area has evolved from financial calculators to computer programs and MS. Excel program is perhaps the most important application tool in this field according to its mathematical calculation capacity and capability. In this regard, the study reveals how to perform complex calculations regarding the present and future values of different annuity types in Excel. The calculation of all variables related to annuity calculations and the mathematical relationships between variables are discussed separately according to different annuity types is examined with a model which developed in Excel program within the scope of the purpose of the study. The study will provide guidance to academics related to the field and professionals working in the field of financial management by combining theoretical knowledge and practical applications.

The scientific rules, roles, and values that life sciences doctoral students want to see upheld by undergraduate researchers

AbstractArticulating the rules, roles, and values that are expected of undergraduate researchers is important as we strive to create a more accessible path into the scientific community. Rules refer to skills required of scientists, roles refer to behaviors consistent with the expectations of a scientist, and values refer to beliefs of the scientific community. Doctoral student mentors have great potential to serve as agents of influence for undergraduate researchers as undergraduates engage in the process of learning to be a scientist through legitimate peripheral participation. As such, we argue that doctoral students are partially responsible for identifying and promoting the rules, roles, and values that undergraduate researchers develop in scientific research. However, few studies have examined what rules, roles, and values are appreciated, or perceived as desirable, by doctoral students and thus expected of undergraduate research mentees. To address this gap, we surveyed 835 life sciences doctoral students who had mentored or would eventually mentor undergraduate researchers. We assessed what qualities and beliefs they appreciate in undergraduate researchers and what advice they would give to undergraduates to maximize their experiences in research. We analyzed their open‐ended responses using inductive coding and identified specific rules (e.g., effectively communicate), roles (e.g., demonstrate a strong work ethic), and values (e.g., be driven by intrinsic passion) that doctoral students wrote about. We used logistic regression to determine whether demographics predicted differences among doctoral student responses. We found that gender, race/ethnicity, and college generation status predicted what rules, roles, and values doctoral students appreciated and advised undergraduates to adopt. This research illuminates what rules, roles, and values undergraduate researchers are expected to uphold and identifies relationships between mentor identities and the advice they pass on to students.

Training advanced writing scientific skills: The case for deliberate practice in SMA N 7 Palu

Scientific Writing is a scientific work that is written by following scientific rules. Scientific rules as the main requirement in writing a work are intended so that the work produced can be scientifically accounted for. The purpose of scientific writing training activities is to foster interest, enthusiasm, and creative and innovative ideas from students of SMA Negeri 7 Palu to produce scientific work in accordance with writing rules. This activity was carried out in August 2023, at SMA Negeri 7 Palu, with 30 student participants. The material presented in this training, namely how to bring up creative and innovative ideas that often arise from the problems that surround us, and how to write a scientific paper in accordance with the rules of writing. The method of delivering the material was carried out by means of presentations from the speakers, and continued with discussions and practices in generating creative ideas. Based on the activities carried out at SMA N 7 Palu, it can be concluded that the training participants were able to come up with creative and innovative ideas related to handling problems around them. However, the lack of information regarding how to write in accordance with scientific principles makes participants reluctant to write. Therefore, in the future, it is hoped that there will be further training with the target of teachers so that later they will be able to guide and foster their students optimally in producing a scientific paper.

ETHICS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF A SOCIOLOGIST IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTRADICTION OF VALUE POSITIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION)

Issues are raised about how a sociologist can remain a scientist in conditions of contradiction between social and professional value systems. For example, the situation of the beginning of a special military operation in Ukraine is taken, which can serve as a marker of sociologists’ attitude to the events taking place. It is assumed that a sociologist, being a researcher of social processes, should study and interpret the results, trying to be objective in relation to the object of study. However, how is this possible? After all, in addition to the role of a professional, everyone has their own personal position (political position), is a member of a particular community and can represent its interests. In political statements, any sociologist is not in the field of science, but in politics. However, in science, every researcher must curb "social passions" as much as possible, not violate scientific ethics proper, not destroy science itself, thus, we are talking about compliance with the principles of classical epistemology. It is difficult to find a universal principle for solving this contradiction, given the recent increase of subjectivity in scientific knowledge, but it is possible if scientific rules are observed: to present not only the result, but also the method, procedure for obtaining a scientific result; to formulate conclusions so that they can be verified. The sociologist's responsibility is, first of all, to control the influence of his/her own value position on the analysis of social reality.

Feyerabend: The Most Valuable Philosopher of the Twentieth Century

This chapter will argue that Paul K. Feyerabend is the most valuable philosopher of the twentieth century. Given the extraordinary importance of science in the twentieth century, the most valuable philosopher of the century should be someone who has given us the most significant understanding of the nature of science and its impact on the rest of the human experience — Feyerabend did precisely that. I will contrast his accomplishments with those of other important philosophers such as Kuhn, Popper, Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Rawls, Carnap, Quine, Russell, and Dewey. Of critical importance in this regard will be Feyerabend’s case for theoretical pluralism, which overturned key ideas from analytical philosophy by demonstrating that all scientific rules, no matter how sound and empirically fruitful, must allow for exceptions. Science as we know it could not have progressed without scientists breaking well-established methodological norms. He argues, with Galileo, that observation assumes theory. As Feyerabend tells us, “We need a dream-world in order to discover the features of the real world we think we inhabit (and which may actually be just another dream-world)”.

Anoplasty and information pollution in health on YouTube

Aims: One of the most fundamental human rights is the right to information. The aim of our study is to investigate the accuracy, reliability and comprehensibility of the videos made on YouTube about anal stenosis. However, users often do not question this information's accuracy, adequacy, and efficiency. Anal stenosis is a disease that we frequently encounter for iatrogenic reasons, especially after post hemorrhoidectomy. When many publications are reviewed, anal stenosis can be seen in 1.2%-10% of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.
 Methods: Our study primarily and mainly YouTube videos about anoplasty published in English were preferred. However, when sufficient videos could not be reached scientifically, other videos were translated into English and included in the study. As of March 1, 2021, "anoplasty" was typed into the youtube search engine, and Thirty-eight videos of the most relevant videos on this subject were examined.JAMA,DISCERN,GQS was used for assessment in this study.
 Result: The averages of the JAMA, DISCERN, and GQS fitness parameters used in the study were found to be 2.55 (1-4), 36.58 (18-59), and 2.84 (1-5), respectively. Of the 38 videos evaluated, 7 got 5 points according to GQS, and 8 got 4 points according to JAMA. According to DISCERN, none of them got full points. It could get a maximum of 59 points. It was also a single video. A statistically significant relationship was found among these parameters (GQS, JAMA, DISCERN) (p .05 )
 Conclusion: We believe that this study will contribute to those who will share about health on YouTube within the framework of more accurate and scientific rules; therefore, it will raise awareness. Primarily this is necessary and essential for videos made in the name of health.

The Equation of Drug Dynamization of Homoeopathic Medicine on the Theory of Nanotechnology

“Homeopathic Drug Dynamisation” is a process by which the medicinal properties which are latent in natural substances while in their crude state, become awakened and developed into activity to an incredible degree.1 Nanotechnology employs substances comprising particles of one to 100 nano metres (nm) in size, in other words, finely powdered ‘dusts’. These are generally manufactured, and do not occur in nature, although natural materials of small particle size are included in the definition. In this article, this is explained in a scientific way and indicated how the potencies, i.e., the powers of the homeopathic medicines have to be worked on basis of the scientific rules including nanotechnology principle. These unique properties of nanoparticles would help to resolve the question that was raised against the homoeopathy (regarding presences of particle in physical form). Surprisingly, advances in conventional drug targeting and safety, herbal product delivery into the body and the nature of homeopathic remedies all converge in the fields of nanotechnology and nano-medicine.2

Irreversibility Distribution Ratio Used in Entropy Generation Equation for Convective Flows Re-visited

The present numerical investigation describes a new consistent and accurate approach to the square cavity benchmark problems for computing entropy generation during natural or mixed convection flows. This new approach differs from the classic one in that the irreversibility distribution ratio in the dimensionless entropy generation equation is no longer arbitrarily chosen, as reported in the majority of previous research works, which is a very serious violation of the scientific rules but is precisely calculated. Indeed, the computation of the exact value of the irreversibility distribution ratio is based on two indispensable features. One concerns the thermophysical properties of the working fluid at a fixed Prandtl number or at a given reference temperature and the other concerns a reference length of the geometrical configuration considered, depending on the Rayleigh number. Comparing results indicates that the irreversibility distribution ratio, more frequently used by a significant number of researchers, is usually vastly overestimated which will involve an increase in entropy generation and, consequently, an expensive oversizing in all real processes involving flowing fluids.

The Impact Mechanism of Climate and Vegetation Changes on the Blue and Green Water Flow in the Main Ecosystems of the Hanjiang River Basin, China

Water resources management and planning traditionally focus on visible liquid or blue water. However, green water also maintains social development and ecosystem services. Therefore, blue and green water should be incorporated into the watershed management system for evaluating water resources. To analyze the water resources of the Hanjiang River Basin, the SWAT model was set up using long-term and high-precision geographic data. The methods of wavelet analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to explore the influence mechanism of climate and vegetation changes on the blue and green water flow (BWF and GWF) of the main ecosystems in the basin. The results showed that: (1) The spatial–temporal distribution of the BWF and GWF in the main ecosystems of the basin over the past 50 years was uneven. Forest ecosystems and farmland ecosystems have a greater concentration of water resources in the south, while grassland ecosystems have a greater concentration of water resources in the east. (2) Climate dominates the BWF and GWF changes in the main ecosystems of the basin. The BWF and the precipitation change cycle are synergistic, and the GWF and the temperature change cycle are synergistic. (3) The correlation between vegetation and BWF and GWF in the farmland ecosystem is significant. Vegetation affects the hydrological change process of the BWF and GWF at the microscale. This study can provide data support and scientific rules for ecosystem water resource management in the basin.

Strategi Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMK Negeri 1 Praya

This research aimed to find out what the strategies improve of communication skill in PAI (Islamic Religious Learning) learning at SMKN (Public Vocational High School) 1 Praya. The type of this research was field research with a qualitative approach. The data analysis method used was qualitative data analysis of interactive model from Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that the strategies used in developing skills students in PAI learning are by using a student-centered learning approach (Student Centered Learning) or a scientific approach , presentation and discussion learning methods. The scientific approach is an approach that directs students to be able to think logically and systematically based on scientific rules and frameworks. The scientific approach is a learning approach as an implementation of the Student Centered Learning approach . Where students are given full opportunity to be active in learning and the teacher is only a facilitator. The presentation learning method is an activity of speaking in front of the class to convey information or subject matter. The discussion method is a way of presenting learning by providing opportunities for students to hold scientific conversations so that students fully participate in learning. From the results of the research that has been described, the implications of this research related to strategies for improving communication skills are: Implications for teaching methods of teachers vary, depending on what soft skills are developed. Fostering a culture of high professionalism among educational institutions and educational staff. Such as: the ability to choose and apply learning methods properly according to the learning objectives to be achieved, create interesting learning content, have good personal and social attitudes, be disciplined, and have high integrity.

Rhetorical Functions of Articles in SINTA Accredited Journal

Background: 
 In the past ten years or so, the publication of research journal articles has been increasing and growing. The development is even more significant when the Higher Education in Circular Letter No.152 / E / T / 2012 requires article writing for students of all levels as one of the graduation requirements. The publication of articles, especially in English-language journals, is a challenge for Indonesian authors to be able to produce scientific papers that not only meet scientific rules but also linguistic rules in English.
 Methodology: 
 This study aims to see the function of rhetorical moves in English journal articles published in SINTA-accredited journals. The part of the article to be studied is focused on the Introduction which has the main role of providing general information about the research background. The rhetoric function of this article will show a series of texts that have a specific function in the Introduction. The sample of this study was taken from articles in the SINTA-accredited journals level 2 and written in English written by authors of non-English-language disciplines. Two articles were randomly selected from each journal so in total it amounted to 16 articles.
 Findings: 
 This study looks at what rhetorical functions were used, and the textuality of the rhetorical functions used in the Introduction to articles written and published in SINTA-accredited journals level 2. “Indicating the Structure of the Research Paper” and “Announcing Principal Findings” were the least two rhetorical functions stated by the authors in the Introduction section. Two articles in this study fulfil the textuality components but the rests fail to fulfill the textuality components.
 Conclusion: 
 Writing journal articles in English is a great challenge for Authors with an English as a foreign language (EFL) background. Language proficiency, academic language mastery, academic writing convention and mechanics awareness which include rhetorical functions and textuality might distract their content writing competence.
 Originality: 
 Many studies searched the rhetorical functions of postgraduate theses, journal articles, and thesis abstracts in English written by non-native English; however, research on journal articles by Indonesian journal publishers is limited.

Teaching the Predictive Function of Scientific Rules: Factors Relating to the Familiarity Effect in Knowledge Application

科学教育では法則，公式といった一般化された知識（ルール）の獲得がめざされる。従来，ルールが教授されても，学習者にとって既知であった事例に対しては適用するが，未知の事例に対しては適用をひかえる傾向のあることが報告されてきた。本研究の第1の目的は，ルールは既知事例に適用されやすい一方，未知事例には適用されにくいこと（既知性効果）を，より明確な形で確認することであった。また，第2の目的は既知性効果が確認された場合，未知事例はなぜルールの適用範囲から除かれるのかを明らかにすることであった。その原因が，ルールのもつ要約機能と予測機能のうち，後者に関する学習者の認識が不十分であるためとする仮説を設けた。実験では大学生を対象に，金属の特性に関するルールを取り上げ，ルールの要約機能および予測機能をそれぞれ強調して教授する群を設け，仮説の検証を行った。その結果，要約機能を強調する群では，既知性効果が確認されたのに対し，予測機能を強調した群では既知性効果は解消された。また，予測機能の教授効果は他のルールにも転移した。一方，ルールの意味解釈に関する課題では，両群間に明確な差違は認められなかった。

PELATIHAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL POPULER UNTUK MENUNJANG KENAIKAN PANGKAT BAGI GURU DI SMAN 4 BANDAR LAMPUNG

Popular scientific work is often interpreted as a written work made based on a scientific rule with the aim that all discussions can be understood by various general groups or not only academics. There are so many benefits that can be felt by teachers from writing popular articles, by writing popular articles the teacher can share knowledge with anyone through his writings, can motivate students. And to take care of promotions for teachers, one of them is promotion. The promotion for teachers is one way to improve achievement and ensure welfare. one of the elements of promotion of teachers from certain groups to a higher class one of the supporters is to make written works published in mass media such as newspapers, magazines, or online media on official websites. According to data released by Kompas, the number of teachers in Indonesia currently reaches 2,698,103. Unfortunately, of the number of teachers who are able to produce a written work is very minimal. This can be proven by the number of written works published by the teacher. This problem is also experienced by SMKN 4 Bandar Lampung, teachers who do not teach Indonesian still find it difficult and confused to determine ideas from popular scientific articles. Based on the partner problems above, our team agreed to provide solutions to partner problems, namely by providing opinion writing training especially for teachers at SMKN 4 Bandar Lampung. At the time of training, teachers are asked to think of ideas that will be used as popular scientific works and to jointly correct the results of scientific writings from each teacher.

ETHICS OF USING SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE QURAN AND HADITH GUIDE

Research Objectives: To reveal the ethics of using social media in the guidance of the Qur'an and Hadith. Research Methods: Qualitative. Research Results: Four rules were found in using social media. Namely the scientific rules, the rules of justice, the rules of tabayyun, and the rules of benefit.

المصطلحات اللسانية عند أحمد مختار عمر

تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى بيان مفهوم المصطلح، ومفهوم علم المصطلحات وتاريخه في إطار توليد المصطلح في الغرب. وبعد ذلك يشير هذا البحث إلى الأسس العلمية لوضع المصطلحات، وبيان شروط صناعة المصطلح. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك يتتبّع هذا البحث بنية المصطلحات من ناحية قضية الاشتقاق، والأوزان، والنحت والتركيب، والنقل المجازي، والإدخال (التعريب) بالاستفادة من عدد من الأمثلة. ويضاف إلى ذلك بحث المشكلات المصطلحية، للوصول إلى توصيات لحل هذه المشكلات. ثمّ يعتمد هذا البحث على إلقاء الضوء على استخدام المصطلحات اللسانية عند أحمد مختار عمر بالاستفادة من كتابه علم الدلالة المعدّ في ميدان علم الدلالة، وكتاب دراسة الصوت اللغوي في علم الصوت من الجهة التطبيقية للموضوع.

HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI KINESTETIK, PANJANG TUNGKAI DAN POWER OTOT TUNGKAI TERHADAP AKURASI SHOOTING PEMAIN FUTSAL BERSAMA FS MEDAN TAHUN 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship of kinesthetic perception with accuracy along with the length of limbs and muscle power limbs in shooting futsal players together with FS Medan so that evidence is obtained based on scientific rules and guidelines. This type of research is correlational using descriptive research methods with test and measurement techniques. The population in this study is all Futsal players in Club Bersama FS Medan with total sampling techniques so that the samples in this study are 10 futsal athletes with FS Medan. The research data was obtained based on analysis with simple correlation statistical analysis techniques. Based on the analysis of data, description and testing of the results of the study, it was obtained that (1) There is a significant relationship between kinesthetic perception and accuracy of ball shooting in futsal games of the players clubFS Medan Year 2021withrcount0,956 > rtable (n-2) 0,6319 with significant value (P) = 0,000 <0,05 (2) There is a significant relationship between the length of limbs and the accuracy of shooting balls in futsal games of players club FS Medan Year 2021withrcount0,846 > rtable (n-2) 0,6319 with significant (P) = 0,002 <0,05. (3) There is a significant relationship between limb muscle power and the accuracy of shooting balls in futsal games of players club FS Medan Year 2021 with rcount0,806 > rtable (n-2) 0,6319 with significant value (P) = 0,005 <0,05 (4) There is a significant relationship between kinesthetic perception, length of limbs, limb muscle power and the accuracy of shooting balls in futsal games of players club FS Medan Year 2021 with rcount0,975> rtable (n-2) 0,6319 with significant value (P) = 0,000 <0,05 Based on these results, it can be concluded that to create accuracy of shooting can not be separated from three factors namely kinesthetic perception, length of limbs and limb muscle power.

RANCANGAN SISTEM PEMANTAUAN PROSES BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR BERBASIS WEB PADA ITB SWADHARMA

Final Project is a scientific paper on the research that discusses a problem in a particular field of science by using applicable scientific rules so that students can compose and write according to the field of science in understanding, analyzing, and explaining problems and providing solutions that are under the field of science. Likewise, the Swadharma Institute of Technology and Business requires every student to prepare a final project as one of the graduation requirements in obtaining a bachelor's degree. However, based on the analysis using the PIECES method, there were several obstacles encountered in the preparation of this final project, especially during the guidance process, the lecturer had difficulty monitoring the progress of the student guidance final project, due to incomplete files and miss communication between lecturers and students so that the problems in work on the final task cannot be solved immediately. In addition, the Dean finds it difficult to monitor the guidance process between students and lecturers. So it is necessary to have an application that can facilitate the guidance process and monitor activities in the guidance of students' final assignments

Taḥlīl al-Dalāli fī Qaṣīdah “Ażfaita” li al-Syaikh Misyārī Rāsyīd al-‘Affāsī

This study reveals the various responses to the text of Nazm Alfiyyah Ibn Malik's stanza that developed in Indonesia, especially among Islamic boarding schools. The author uses the aesthetic theory of literary reception by placing Naẓm Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik as a literary text. The results of this study are; The Islamic Boarding School gave birth to two models of responses, responses in the form of works as a whole and responses partially. The first model of Islamic boarding school has a relatively similar response to that of Arab Islamic scholars, tends to be textual so that it is only able to fill a small part of the space in the text of the Nazm Alfiyyah stanza. The second model of Islamic boarding schools gave birth to responses that tended to be contextualistic, out of the nahwu-sarf discussion so that they were able to fill more empty spaces than the first group. From the academics who gave birth to a scientific paper, the response of this group was relatively the same as the first model Islamic boarding school, only the reading process was carried out partially and strictly followed established scientific rules. The creative reader community, who are widely circulated in cyberspace (social media) have responses that tend to be strange (weird), out of habits (rules) that have been established both among Arab Islamic scholars, Islamic boarding schools, and academics.

Estetika Resepsi Sastra dalam Ragam Tanggapan Naẓm Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik

This study reveals the various responses to the text of Nazm Alfiyyah Ibn Malik's stanza that developed in Indonesia, especially among Islamic boarding schools. The author uses the aesthetic theory of literary reception by placing Naẓm Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik as a literary text. The results of this study are; The Islamic Boarding School gave birth to two models of responses, responses in the form of works as a whole and responses partially. The first model of Islamic boarding school has a relatively similar response to that of Arab Islamic scholars, tends to be textual so that it is only able to fill a small part of the space in the text of the Nazm Alfiyyah stanza. The second model of Islamic boarding schools gave birth to responses that tended to be contextualistic, out of the nahwu-sarf discussion so that they were able to fill more empty spaces than the first group. From the academics who gave birth to a scientific paper, the response of this group was relatively the same as the first model Islamic boarding school, only the reading process was carried out partially and strictly followed established scientific rules. The creative reader community, who are widely circulated in cyberspace (social media) have responses that tend to be strange (weird), out of habits (rules) that have been established both among Arab Islamic scholars, Islamic boarding schools, and academics.

O SPOLjNOJ KRITICI ARHIVSKE GRAĐE

External criticism of archival material is a complex and highly responsible scientific task. The task of external critical analysis of archival materials is to determine the principles and verify the originality of archival documents, which are kept in archives and made available to researchers. The archives will hereby, in addition to collecting, processing, and storing archival materials, expand their activities to the scientific field, which, in addition to publishing materials, represents the learned tasks of these institutions. Since the records can be kept in different forms and the means of writing and types of ink have changed over time, when determining the originality of an archival document, sometimes an expert analysis is needed. It requires a certain level of technical and practical knowledge provided by auxiliary historical (archival) sciences, such as are: sphragistics, filigranology, paleography, etc. External critical analysis of the archival material requires a multidisciplinary approach and a certain level of technical knowledge. Besides, to determine the originality of the material reliably, excellent knowledge of the language of the material is a prerequisite. This paper aims to establish and set scientific rules regarding the strict adherence to the principles of external criticism of sources in historian research.