Scientific Results Research Articles

Advancing data honesty in experimental biology.

The ease with which scientific data, particularly certain types of raw data in experimental biology, can be fabricated without trace begs urgent attention. This is thought to be a widespread problem across the academic world, where published results are the major currency, incentivizing publication of (usually positive) results at the cost of lax scientific rigor and even fraudulent data. Although solutions to improve data sharing and methodological transparency are increasingly being implemented, the inability to detect dishonesty within raw data remains an inherent flaw in the way in which we judge research. We therefore propose that one solution would be the development of a non-modifiable raw data format that could be published alongside scientific results; a format that would enable data authentication from the earliest stages of experimental data collection. A further extension of this tool could allow changes to the initial original version to be tracked, so every reviewer and reader could follow the logical footsteps of the author and detect unintentional errors or intentional manipulations of the data. Were such a tool to be developed, we would not advocate its use as a prerequisite for journal submission; rather, we envisage that authors would be given the option to provide such authentication. Only authors who did not manipulate or fabricate their data can provide the original data without risking discovery, so the mere choice to do so already increases their credibility (much like 'honest signaling' in animals). We strongly believe that such a tool would enhance data honesty and encourage more reliable science.

Standards for science communication in extended and virtual reality: a model for XR/VR based on London Charter and Seville Principles

Videos featuring research results, laboratory tutorials, and online webinars are fundamental tools for disseminating science and boosting scientific impact. However, extended reality (XR) video technologies, which include virtual reality (VR), represent new challenges for scientists and science communicators. XR and VR can enhance, bend, or distort the reality surrounding scientific facts. The London Charter and Seville Principles are standards for computer-based visualization and reconstruction in a virtual reproduction of heritage sites and research in domains such as archaeology. Here, we develop a similar set of standards for the representation of scientific results in XR and VR and clarify the use of implicit XR and VR elements such as storytelling, setting, agency, interactivity, and other factors. Finally, the authors propose a framework XR/VR Model of Science Representation and Communication, derived from the context and other frameworks for representing information in virtual environments.

The impact of spectral basis set composition on estimated levels of cingulate glutamate and its associations with different personality traits

Background1H-MRS is increasingly used in basic and clinical research to explain brain function and alterations respectively. In psychosis research it is now one of the main tools to investigate imbalances in the glutamatergic system. Interestingly, however, the findings are extremely variable even within patients of similar disease states. One reason may be the variability in analysis strategies, despite suggestions for standardization. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the extent to which the basis set configuration– which metabolites are included in the basis set used for analysis– would affect the spectral fit and estimated glutamate (Glu) concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and whether any changes in levels of glutamate would be associated with psychotic-like experiences and autistic traits.MethodsTo ensure comparability, we utilized five different exemplar basis sets, used in research, and two different analysis tools, r-based spant applying the ABfit method and Osprey using the LCModel.ResultsOur findings revealed that the types of metabolites included in the basis set significantly affected the glutamate concentration. We observed that three basis sets led to more consistent results across different concentration types (i.e., absolute Glu in mol/kg, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), Glu/tCr), spectral fit and quality measurements. Interestingly, all three basis sets included phosphocreatine. Importantly, our findings also revealed that glutamate levels were differently associated with both schizotypal and autistic traits depending on basis set configuration and analysis tool, with the same three basis sets showing more consistent results.ConclusionsOur study highlights that scientific results may be significantly altered depending on the choices of metabolites included in the basis set, and with that emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the configuration of the basis set to ensure accurate and consistent results, when using MR spectroscopy. Overall, our study points out the need for standardized analysis pipelines and reporting.

Key Factors in Boosting the Efficiency of Scientific Research Administration

The key factors to improve the efficiency of scientific research management include: clear goal setting and strategic planning to ensure the orderly and efficient scientific research work; optimizing resource allocation, material and financial resources to avoid resource waste; strengthening the construction of scientific research team, improving the quality of scientific researchers, team cohesion and innovation ability; establishing scientific evaluation and incentive mechanism to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific researchers and promote the output of scientific research results; promoting information and digital management, and using modern technology to improve management efficiency and quality. By comprehensively applying these pivotal factors, the standard of scientific research management can undergo a marked enhancement. This comprehensive approach not only ensures the efficient allocation of resources but also fosters a collaborative and innovative research environment. The optimization of management systems and processes leads to increased efficiency and productivity, while the emphasis on team collaboration and communication fosters a stronger sense of unity and purpose among researchers.

INFORMATIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: PUBLICATION ACTIVITY RATING ALGORITHM

The article updates the problem of the feasibility of developing a software system designed to help heads of research groups, as well as individual researchers, make decisions about improving publication activity, scientometric performance, identify weaknesses and strengths, directions, and specific solutions in the form of automated recommendations for increasing the value and representativeness of scientometric indicators . The research is based on the use of the theory of system analysis, which allows a comprehensive consideration of all aspects related to the processes of finding ways between static and dynamic aspects of publishing activity. The method of building a publication rating based on profiles of scientists in Scopus is characterized. In the course of the study, it was shown that it is currently appropriate to develop a software system designed to help heads of research groups, as well as individual researchers, make decisions about improving publication activity, scientometric performance, identify weaknesses and strengths, directions, and specific decisions in the form of automated recommendations for increasing the value and representativeness of scientometric indicators. The proposed technique, including the algorithm for collecting, refining and ranking scientometric data is the basis of the methodological toolkit for the analysis and assessment of publication activity. The practical significance of the obtained scientific results lies in the proposal of approaches and algorithms, on the basis of which it is possible to develop a software system designed to help heads of research groups, as well as researchers to make decisions on increasing publication activity, scientometric performance, identify weaknesses and strengths, directions and specific solutions in the form of automated recommendations for increasing the value and representativeness of scientometric indicators.

The Costs of Anonymization: Case Study Using Clinical Data.

Sharing data from clinical studies can accelerate scientific progress, improve transparency, and increase the potential for innovation and collaboration. However, privacy concerns remain a barrier to data sharing. Certain concerns, such as reidentification risk, can be addressed through the application of anonymization algorithms, whereby data are altered so that it is no longer reasonably related to a person. Yet, such alterations have the potential to influence the data set's statistical properties, such that the privacy-utility trade-off must be considered. This has been studied in theory, but evidence based on real-world individual-level clinical data is rare, and anonymization has not broadly been adopted in clinical practice. The goal of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of anonymization in the real world by comprehensively evaluating the privacy-utility trade-off of differently anonymized data using data and scientific results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study. The GCKD data set extracted for this study consists of 5217 records and 70 variables. A 2-step procedure was followed to determine which variables constituted reidentification risks. To capture a large portion of the risk-utility space, we decided on risk thresholds ranging from 0.02 to 1. The data were then transformed via generalization and suppression, and the anonymization process was varied using a generic and a use case-specific configuration. To assess the utility of the anonymized GCKD data, general-purpose metrics (ie, data granularity and entropy), as well as use case-specific metrics (ie, reproducibility), were applied. Reproducibility was assessed by measuring the overlap of the 95% CI lengths between anonymized and original results. Reproducibility measured by 95% CI overlap was higher than utility obtained from general-purpose metrics. For example, granularity varied between 68.2% and 87.6%, and entropy varied between 25.5% and 46.2%, whereas the average 95% CI overlap was above 90% for all risk thresholds applied. A nonoverlapping 95% CI was detected in 6 estimates across all analyses, but the overwhelming majority of estimates exhibited an overlap over 50%. The use case-specific configuration outperformed the generic one in terms of actual utility (ie, reproducibility) at the same level of privacy. Our results illustrate the challenges that anonymization faces when aiming to support multiple likely and possibly competing uses, while use case-specific anonymization can provide greater utility. This aspect should be taken into account when evaluating the associated costs of anonymized data and attempting to maintain sufficiently high levels of privacy for anonymized data. German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003971; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00003971. RR2-10.1093/ndt/gfr456.

Socio-psychological aspects of gender asymmetry: concepts

In the framework of gender psychology, gender identity is studied, comparative characteristics of men and women (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, motivational, etc.) that determine the social behavior of people. Since gender identity arises as a synthesis of biological and sociocultural factors, the study of gender studies in the context of social psychology gives more effective scientific results.

Elements of decorative prose in the novel by Alexander Sobolev “Griffins guard the lyre”

The topic of the article is relevant because it considers the specific poetics of the modern neo-modernist work. It is worth noting that the novel “Griffins Guard the Lyre” is a part of a new wave of modernism that has emerged in the Russian literature over the past few decades. In addition to A. Sobolev, this wave includes such writers as E. Vodolazkin, S. Bolmat, A. Varlamov and others. The purpose of the article is to describe the functions of the ornamental prose elements in A. Sobolev’s work “Griffins Guard the Lyre.” The main research methods used in the article are semiotic and intertextual analyses. Besides A. Sobolev's novel, the works of V. Nabokov, Y. Olesha, and F. Sologub served as the empirical materials. In the course of considering the work of A. Sobolev from the point of view of the criteria applied to the ornamental prose, it was found that the novel has the following features: a) an organic fusion of the epic and lyrical principles; b) destruction and deconstruction of genre forms. The fairy tale principle is also present in A. Sobolev’s novel, but it performs completely different functions. The author seems to use the tale as an object of manipulation. We can conclude that A. Sobolev borrowed some techniques from domestic postmodernists/conceptualists. Since the elements of the ornamental writing in the novel “The Griffins Guard the Lyre” have not been considered before, we can confidently state that all the obtained scientific results are new.

A Clinical Framework for Video Head Impulse Testing and Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Assessments in Primary School-Aged Children.

This study aimed to offer normative data and age trends of an age-appropriate vestibular test protocol in a large group (n = 140) of school-aged children (6 to 13 years old) as well as to provide a practical and clinical framework for accurate performance and interpretation of vestibular test results in this specific age group. The typically developing participants (mean age of 9.51 ± 2.04 years) were recruited to provide a representative group of 20 children for each of the seven age groups that were composed of children aged from 6 to 13 years in 1-year intervals. Each age group consisted of 10 boys and 10 girls. The protocol comprises the video head impulse test, and cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential assessments to provide a child-friendly, noninvasive, short, and portable test battery, which is equally applicable in the hospital and office-practice, and which provides information on the integrity of all five parts of the peripheral vestibular system. The study demonstrates that all included tests and methods, with an overall test duration of 25 min 12 sec ± 5 min 10 sec, were feasible to perform in primary school-aged children, taking into account some practical adaptations. Concerning the video head impulse test, no clinically relevant sex and age effects were noted. However, t tests revealed significant differences for the mean gain of the horizontal (right > left; t[139] = 14.563; p < 0.001) and posterior semicircular canals (left > right; t[139] = -4.823; p < 0.001) between both sides. For the cVEMP assessment, no laterality differences were observed for any of the parameters, but a significantly shorter N1 latencies in the youngest age categories (<8 years), compared with the oldest groups were observed [F(6,118) = 8.336; p < 0.001; partial ƞ² = 0.298]. For all oVEMP parameters, no laterality, sex, or age differences were seen. On the basis of the presented normative data, cutoff criteria were proposed with accompanying clinical recommendations to perform vestibular function testing in this target population. This is the first study in a large group of school-aged children offering normative data and age trends of an age-appropriate vestibular test protocol that evaluates the integrity of all parts of the peripheral vestibular organ. The reported normative values and clinical cutoff values will enable appropriate and age-specific interpretation of clinical and scientific results. Moreover, in combination with extensive history taking, and additional vestibular testing (e.g., rotatory chair test, caloric testing) when needed, the results of this study may support clinicians in the diagnosis of side-specific and location-specific vestibular deficits, which is required for accurate counseling and referral for further follow-up and/or intervention.

Дослідження технології зварювання плавленням складнолегованих титанових сплавів

The subject of this article is peculiarities of weld seam formation of complex titanium alloys during electron beam welding in vacuum and argon arc welding. The purpose of this study is to ensure the required level of mechanical properties of welded structures from complex titanium alloys to improve the structure and properties of welded joints. The task: to investigate the processes that are taking place in the zone of thermal influence and to determine their influence on defects formation; to determine the modes of parts welding made of complex titanium alloy; to study the effect of electron beam welding on the materials properties, such as strength, crack resistance, and corrosion resistance. Research results. The thermal cycle influence of welding and subsequent heat treatment on the structural and phase transformations in the weld metal and the heat-affected zone of complex titanium alloy welded joints was studied. It was established that a structure with a metastable β-phase predominance is formed in the weld metal and the zone of welded joints thermal influence, which contributes to the reduction of plasticity and impact toughness. The best combination of the studied welded joint strength and ductility was obtained after heat treatment, annealing at a temperature of 950 °C for 1 h, and cooling in the furnace. The use of filler wire contributes to obtaining an almost uniform structure and the disintegration of metastable phases in the seam as well as in the zone of thermal influence, and the strength limit is 1250 MPa. Conclusions. The influence of filler wires on the obtained samples structure and properties was studied, and the results were discussed depending on possible practical implementations. This article describes the creation and testing of elements of electron beam welding of complex titanium alloys technological process. This makes it possible to widely use welded combined titanium alloys in products of the appropriate purpose. The obtained scientific and practical results lead to increased mechanical properties of complex titanium alloys welded joints to the level of the base metal.

PROCESSING, ANALYSIS &amp; ANALYTICS OF BIG DATA FOR THE INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT

The changes that have taken place in the economy of Ukraine in recent years as a result of the consistent impact of global macroeconomic, epidemiological and military factors of the current deep crisis have actualized for organizations, enterprises and corporations the urgent need to maximize their effectiveness, the key component of which is the innovative management of their complex projects. The primary scientific and practical results presented in the article regarding the specifics of the methodology and technologies of deep intellectual analysis and analytics of Big structured and semi-structured Data in innovative project management must be taken into account during crisis reengineering of the management systems of domestic private and public organizations, enterprises and corporations. Moreover, the obtained results are relevant and applicable for not only local organizations, enterprises and corporations, but for international on emerging markets in the context of future global and regional macroeconomic and possible epidemical crisis phenomena.

About the Kyiv school mathematicians contribution to the extrema of functions of many variables theory

The subject of this article is the study of Kyiv school mathematicians’ contribution to the many variable extrema function theory. The purpose of this article is to study the work of Kyiv mathematician Professor M. Ye. Vashchenko-Zakharchenko. Task: for the first time, to carry out a detailed analysis of the results obtained in the article by M. Ye. Vashchenko-Zakharchenko «Signs of the highest and lowest value of functions». The research method is a historical and scientific analysis of the original source, which allows the scientific results obtained in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to be estimated from the viewpoint of modern mathematical analysis. The following results were obtained. Thanks to the analysis of this article, it was found out that here M. Ye. Vashchenko-Zakharchenko first used the methods of linear algebra and applied D. Sylvester’s criterion of positive (negative) definiteness of quadratic form to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of an extremum of functions of many variables. The problem is considered in general for functions of many variables and for special cases of functions of two and three variables. Conclusions. Comparing the results obtained from the Kyiv mathematician, Professor M. Ye. Vashchenko-Zakharchenko with the presentation of this topic in modern textbooks on higher mathematics and mathematical analysis, we can conclude that they are included in these textbooks in virtually the same form. This is what determines the relevance of this topic: methods for solving problems for the extremum of functions of many variables, obtained at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, are used in modern optimization problems. The breadth of the scientific erudition of M. Ye. Vashchenko-Zakharchenko allowed him to immediately perceive new methods obtained by foreign scientists and immediately find their application to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of an extremum of functions of many variables. This shows the high scientific level of the state of mathematics at Kyiv University in the second half of the 19th century. Further research should focus on the contribution of other mathematicians of the Kyiv school to the development of the theory of extrema of functions of many variables.

Tidal Effects on the Schumann Resonance Amplitudes Recorded by the Global Coherence Monitoring System

The main scientific result of this paper is the demonstration of the fact that tidal effects induced by the Moon affect the Schumann resonance amplitudes measured at magnetometers located at different geographical locations of the Global Coherence Monitoring System. Each magnetometer is paired with the closest monitoring station of the global tidal wave measurement network. This paper introduces the Schumann Resonance Complexity Index (SRCI), computed by using the calibrated H-rank algorithm on the local magnetic field data recorded by each magnetometer of the Global Coherence Monitoring System. Tidal wave data recorded at each monitoring station are also used to compute the Tidal Wave Complexity Index (TWCI). Eliminating diel cycles from the SRCI data yields significant statistical correlations between the SRCI and TWCI data, proving the hypothesis of tidal effects on the global network of magnetometers.

A Minimal Metadata Schema and Its Tool to Improve the Searchableness of Research Data in Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics develops methods to understand biological data and to explain biological processes. The discipline operates on huge data sets and is computationally intensive. The fast growth of the field and its specialization into many subdisciplines makes it hard to search for, find, and to keep track of scientific results relevant for one’s own research. Being able to get knowledge of prior studies, and the data they rely on, is a prerequisite to further one’s own research and to ensure effective progress of bioinformatics as a field. At the same time, scientists’ own research and reputation benefit from the best possible searchableness of their research data. The FAIR data movement draws from this motivation. Before research data can be accessed and reused, however, it must first be found or discovered. For this purpose, the large space of highly diverse research data must be conquered, it must have a high quality of searchableness. To increase searchableness, we have devised a metadata schema to describe the entire field of bioinformatics by a small set of descriptors. Our metadata schema has been inspired by Dublin Core and aims at replicating its success in the domain of bioinformatics. The schema aims at complementing the many metadata schemes used by bioinformaticians in practice by extracting their common core, yielding to a schema that can be used across bioinformatics subdisciplines. Our minimal schema for bioinformatics metadata is complemented by a Web-based annotation tool where such metadata can be provided in an effective, time-saving, and concise manner.

Report from the 14th International Workshop on Automating Test Case Design, Selection, and Evaluation (A-TEST 2023)

For the past fourteen years, the Workshop on Automating Test Case Design, Selection and Evaluation (A-TEST)1 has provided a venue for researchers and industry members alike to exchange and discuss trending views, ideas, state-of-the-art, work-in-progress, and scientific results on automated testing. The previous thirteen editions of A-TEST were co-located with several conferences over time: CISTI2 (first two editions), FEDCSIS 3 (three editions), and ESEC/FSE4 (seven editions). The 14th edition took place on September 15, 2023, in Kirchberg, Luxembourg, co-located with ASE 2023 (38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering5). The A-TEST 2023 program featured an enlightening keynote on quantum software testing, followed by three technical sessions in which the authors of 6 full papers and 4 short papers dived into various aspects of automated testing, from neuroevolution and fuzzing techniques to GUI-based software testing and test case recommendations. This short report summarizes the keynote and paper presentations at A-TEST 2023.

Investigation of long-term anti-sulfur and deactivation mechanism of monolithic Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts for NH3-SCR: Changes in physicochemical and adsorption properties

Owing to the different reaction properties and deactivation mechanisms caused by the structural discrepancy of monolithic catalysts, abundant scientific results of powder or granular NH3-SCR catalysts have still not sufficiently robustly applied in recent years. Furthermore, minimal research has been focused on monolithic catalysts. As a result, this work prepared monolithic Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts by active component impregnation (ACI-Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3) and precursor impregnation methods (PI-Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3) and investigates the long-term SO2 and H2O resistance of the catalysts. Compared with the PI-Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst, the monolithic ACI-Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst showed better performance. The catalytic activity follows a bell-shaped curve with an optimal performance at a drug loading of 5 %. The ACI-Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst exhibits long-term resistance to SO2 and H2O and can still convert more than 70 % NOx after 168 h of SO2 and H2O resistance test. Characterization of the ACI-Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts before and after the reaction showed that the reducibility decreased after the reaction, and more Mn4+ was transformed into Mn2+ to weaken the catalytic activity. However, more Fe2+ and Ce3+ were generated during the reaction, increasing the number of oxygen vacancies, oxygen defects, and hydroxyl-like groups, all of which would contribute to a certain extent to counteract the passivation effect of SO2 on the catalysts. In situ DRIFTs analysis shows that the formation of surface sulfates has a minimal effect on the adsorption of NO, but it does affect the adsorption of coordinated NH3 on Lewis acid sites. This work elucidates the deactivation details of Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts from the perspective of physicochemical properties, which provides a reference for the development of better low-temperature SO2-resistance catalysts for industrial applications.

Развитие подходов к оценке эффективности функционирования пассажирских транспортно-пересадочных узлов

Objective: the article proposes a method for assessing the efficiency of passenger transport hubs, based on the key principles of operation management. Methods: to achieve the goal of the study, methods of calculating coefficients evaluating compliance with the basic principles of operations management, methods of statistical analysis and data processing, and the method of simulation are used. To carry out the research, materials from scientific papers on the chosen topic, periodicals, as well as Internet resources, including open data from the St. Petersburg Transport Committee, were used. Results: the main scientific result is a method developed by the author to evaluate the efficiency of passenger transport hubs, based on the key principles of operations management. The proposed method takes into account the specifics and characteristics of passenger transport hubs and can be used at any stage of their life cycle, including at the design stage. Unlike the available methods, the proposed methodology allows timely detection and elimination of “bottlenecks” in the planning solutions of a passenger transport hub. Practical significance: as a result of testing the methodology on the example of the Volkovskaya transport interchange hub project, practical recommendations were formed to eliminate bottlenecks and increase the capacity of the facility. The author’s developments can be used in the executive bodies of state power responsible for the development of urban transport infrastructure, and in design organizations in the planning processes for the construction and modernization of passenger transport hubs, as well as in evaluating the effectiveness of their work.

Therapeutic potential of fucoidan in dentistry: A review

Fucoidan, produced by the cell walls of brown seaweed, possesses biological effects, covering anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and a potential for promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This study aimed to compile diverse scientific results on fucoidan’s therapeutic prospect in dentistry and the mechanism of action in the therapy of oral diseases. A literature search was carried out using keywords with Boolean operators, including fucoidan (AND) oral (OR) dental (OR) dentistry, to identify related publications from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that fucoidan had various therapeutic potentials in the field of dentistry, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, radioprotection, protection of dental pulp tissue, and bone regeneration. These characteristics were related to the sulfate composition and molecular weight. Fucoidan has various therapeutic potentials crucial for oral health. Hence, it might be used for material development and drug production in dentistry

Evaluating Glyph Design for Showing Large-Magnitude-Range Quantum Spins.

We present experimental results to explore a form of bivariate glyphs for representing large-magnitude-range vectors. The glyphs meet two conditions: (1) two visual dimensions are separable; and (2) one of the two visual dimensions uses a categorical representation (e.g., a categorical colormap). We evaluate how much these two conditions determine the bivariate glyphs' effectiveness. The first experiment asks participants to perform three local tasks requiring reading no more than two glyphs. The second experiment scales up the search space in global tasks when participants must look at the entire scene of hundreds of vector glyphs to get an answer. Our results support that the first condition is necessary for local tasks when a few items are compared. But it is not enough for understanding a large amount of data. The second condition is necessary for perceiving global structures of examining very complex datasets. Participants' comments reveal that the categorical features in the bivariate glyphs trigger emergent optimal viewers' behaviors. This work contributes to perceptually accurate glyph representations for revealing patterns from large scientific results. We release source code, quantum physics data, training documents, participants' answers, and statistical analyses for reproducible science at https://osf.io/4xcf5/?view_only=94123139df9c4ac984a1e0df811cd580.

Where do they come from?

Globular clusters (GCs), as old as our Galaxy, constantly lose their members to the field as they cross through the Milky Way (MW). These escaped GC stars (or escapees) are thought to contribute significantly to the MW halo. If a star left the host GC a long time ago, chemical finger prints (e.g., N enrichment) may reveal its origin. In this work we aim to establish dynamical connections between N-rich field stars recently identified by LAMOST and the existing MW GCs. By constructing the full action distribution in combination with metallicity, we found 29 potential GC progenitors for 15 N-rich field stars. In particular, some of them may be related to MW accretion events. On the other hand, if a star has recently left its host GC via tidal evaporation, it still maintains the kinematic properties of the cluster. Here we identify extra-tidal candidates based on their spatial locations, proper motions (PMs), and their positions on color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We successfully identified more than 1600 extra-tidal candidates in the vicinity of six Gaia-Enceladus (GE)-related GCs: NGC 1851, NGC 1904, NGC 6205, NGC 6341, NGC 6779, NGC 7089. The density map of the extra-tidal candidates is confirmed to be an efficient way to find extra-tidal structures. The two possible density peaks at opposite sides of the inner boundary is a good indicator for a long stellar stream. Among 95 extra-tidal candidates with spectroscopic radial velocities and metallicity, 54 of them are confirmed to be GC escaped stars as they share similar properties to host GCs. These extra-tidal candidates are ideal targets for follow-up spectroscopic observation as it greatly improves the scientific outcome. Once a statistically significant number of spectroscopic radial velocities and metallicities are available, the GC dynamical evolution (e.g., mass loss, rotation) can be carefully investigated.