Scientific Research Problems Research Articles

Problems in Scientific Research

Scientific research faces many problems and obstacles especially in developing countries. So, from the early beginning, if we start with a problem, then ways and methods will also be accompanied by obstacles which may lead to more complications. The aim of this study was to clarify some of the most important problems in the field of scientific research in our organization and to suggest solutions for them. Some of these research problems are addressed as follows: 1) is there a difficulty in choosing the research topic? 2) is the topic common or rare? 3) is the research proposal approved from the ethical committee? 4) which material and methods will be used? 5) how can we interpret our results? 6) are references available? 7) where does the financial support come from?8) will this work be done in a team? 9) where are we going to publish this research?, and 10) how shall we apply our research? To achieve the goal of certain research, we should spend more times in choosing our research topic and to allocate our resources particularly if they are limited. Again, working in a team and surely, applying our results will help more and more in solving many research problems.

Modern architecture of the Russian Orthodox Church: problems of scientific research

The process of revival of the Russian Orthodox Church in the late XX – early XXI centuries is accompanied by significant changes in its sociopolitical status. The Church regained high public authority by reestablishing and strengthening relations with the government, which granted the right to such types of activity as educational, missionary, social, and charitable. The church construction, which was discontinued for over 70 years, led to the loss of succession in engineering design and absence of systematic scientific and engineering developments that are intended to meet the modern needs and demands in the area of design of churches. These factors determine the heightened scientific interest to this topic. The goal of this research consists in determination of trends and problems in the scientific studies dedicated to the modern architecture of the Orthodox Church. The authors set the task to analyze, systematize and characterize the range of scientific publications written by the Russian scholars on the modern architecture of the Orthodox Church. This article considers the results of national scientific research (dissertations, scientific articles) on the modern architecture of the Orthodox Church that were published over the period from 1990 to the present.

Exhumation: Past and Present

The modernization of a society leads to changes in the society’s attitude towards funeral practices. This article is devoted to the study of socio-cultural, historical, religious and political-legal aspects of the exhumation phenomenon. Thanatosociological, historical, biographical, religious studies, legal and political approaches form the methodological basis of the study, which made it possible to identify features of exhumation in the past and present. The study has fixed that modern experts criticize the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) for the fact that the return to church life of already known relics and the inclusion of new shrines in it do not always meet the canonical requirements. As a result, gaining and ‘traffic’ of the last decades relics “with their historical unreliability, political background and clerical ambitions” causes direct damage to the spiritual life of a society. It has been established that exhumation, on the one hand, ‘compensates’ for losses in family relationships, gives impetus to the development of religious life, and solves specific problems of scientific research and investigative actions. On the other hand, sometimes exhumation is carried out for opportunistic, political, mercenary or criminal purposes thus, the problem of ensuring the peace of the buried remains very relevant.
 Keywords: funereal, cemetery, exhumation, reburial, relics

JUN promotes chicken female differentiation by inhibiting Smad2.

The sex determination and control of poultry is a key problem in production and scientific research despite few studies on regulatory factors, especially transcription factors in sex determination. In the early stage of this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed gene JUN in male and female embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). The qRT-PCR discovered that the JUN gene significantly increased from embryonic days (E) 2.5 later in chicken embryo development, and the female gonad expression was much higher than that of the male after E14.5. Lentivirus shRNA-JUN, shRNA-Smad2 interference, and OE-JUN overexpression vectors were successfully constructed. After interfering with JUN in vivo, male characteristics appeared in ZW embryonic gonads at E18.5. Meanwhile, the male-specific genes DMRT1 and Sox9 were upregulated, the female-specific genes FOXL2, ESR1, and CYP19A1 were downregulated, and the estradiol in the gonads was significantly decreased. The situation was reversed after the overexpression of JUN, ZZ chicken embryo developed into female sexual characteristics. The double luciferase report has found that the Smad2 promoter activity was significantly upregulated after interference with JUN, and significantly increased after the deletion of the JUN binding site. After the injection of the Smad2-shRNA vector into the blood vessel in vivo, it was discovered that DMRT1 and Sox9 of ZW embryos at E18.5 were downregulated, FOXL2 and CYP19A1 were significantly upregulated, and the gonads show femininity. In conclusion, this study proves that JUN is a key regulator in the process of chicken female sex differentiation, which can inhibit the transcription of Smad2 and promote the synthesis of estradiol, and participate in the process of chicken sex differentiation. This study lays a foundation for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of chicken sex determination and the development of poultry sex control technology.

Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World

Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World

Progress and Prospects of Research on Ecological Impact of Channel Regulation Structure

Focusing on the aquatic ecological and environmental problems of waterway regulation structure, the research progress of waterway regulation structure on the physical and chemical properties of river water bodies, river benthic community structure and distribution and fish habitat was summarized, and the existing problems in current scientific research and engineering application were analyzed. Key researches were also put forward that should be carried out in the future for the protection of water ecological environment of waterway regulation structure including constructing and protecting the regional river ecological health index system in the waterway regulation building area and improving the construction of ecological waterway.

Methodological principles of research of professional training of administrators and managers in higher education institutions

Scientific research problems of results of professional training of administrators and managers by the integrated thematic direction “Theory and methodology of organizational-communicational support of professional training of future specialists in public administration and managers at higher educational institutions” in the National pedagogical university, named after M.P. Dragomanov within state budgetary scientific works “Theory and technology of studying in the system of professional education” and “Theoretical and methodological bases of forming the system of postgraduate education, based on sustainable development” has been realized. The theoretical analysis of scientific literature has been conducted for determining the potential of methodological support, most reasonable methods of its realization (theoretical, general scientific and concrete scientific, empirical and statistical) have been established. Methodological possibilities of using means of information-analytical, technical and scientific-metrical support, graphic-demonstration ones on different information carriers, video-visual, multimedia, distant, instrumental-laboratory, scientific-methodical and technical-regulative, scientific-worldview, concrete scientific, disciplinary and interdisciplinary, scientific cognition in the sphere of state management and public administration, pedagogical, natural sciences, empirical and statistical ones and humanities have been analyzed. Methodical recommendations have been offered and a plan for studying professional training of future specialists in public administration and managers at higher educational institutions has been formed as following: methodological substantiation of the competence approach under conditions of information society of advanced knowledge; information-methodological support of organization of the educational-scientific process of professional training of future specialists in public administration and managers; elaboration and verification of a projected organization model of socio-cultural forms of professional training of future specialists in public administration and managers by pedagogical research stages: cameral, diagnostic-screening, ascertaining, forming and expert

Historical and heroic themes of Kyivan Rus and the Hetmanate in the works of V. Poltavets in the context of development of Ukrainian fine arts

The purpose of the study is to consider the works of V. Poltavets on the historical and heroic themes of Kуivan Rus and the Hetmanate in the context of the development of the historical genre in Ukraine. The methodology of the article is based on the scientific method of historical research, the chronological and department comparison of related works of art, the temporal and logical method of analyzing periods and styles in art. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization and comparative analysis of works of the historical genre in different branches of art for a significant period of time, identifying the relationship between these branches, defining this direction of art as an important component of Ukrainian culture, researching the significance of the personal contribution of the creator to its development. Conclusion. The analysis shows a high level of development of the historical genre of art in Ukraine, confirms the importance of the artist's work and other creative professions, shows the need for further development of the raised topic in view of its relevance for the young state, raises the problem of insufficient scientific research of the topic and the need for its popularization.

Measuring and comparing the level of athletic achievement for activities (fencing, weightlifting, table tennis) for the disabled challenge the impact of accidents and between the boy's disability challenge

The importance of the study stems from the inclusion of the handicapped in the sports community and the achievement of international accomplishments, and this requires knowing the preference between obstetric and handicap after accidents, which is the problem of scientific research from here highlights the importance of scientific research. As for the research objectives, the study of the percentages of achievements for a five-year period (2015-2020) for the players involved in International forums and tournaments from the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee, which represents the research sample and its human field. After the research procedures, the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, the following conclusions were reached that congenital handicap has a preference in achieving ratios of international and international achievements. Psychological, physical and social stability of childhood disability in good condition. The recommendations are the process of selecting players for childhood disability in activities (fencing, table tennis, weightlifting (Bing Press)). Rehabilitation of players from disability due to accidents, psychological rehabilitation before starting physical preparation

Теоретические аспекты исследования произвольной саморегуляции и нервно-психической устойчивости у сотрудников правоохранительных органов

the article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of voluntary self-regulation and its role in the formation of the neuropsychiatric stability of law enforcement officers. The analytical review of the problem of scientific research devoted to self-regulation is presented. Self-regulation is considered in the context of the most complex and significant problems of personal stability in general and the specifics of stress resistance in law enforcement officers in their professional activities in particular. The essence and conceptual apparatus associated with the phenomenon of self-regulation are revealed from the perspective of different branches of scientific knowledge. A special place is given to the justification of the influence of voluntary self-regulation on the neuropsychiatric stability of the individual, while arbitrary self-regulation is considered as a process and result associated with self-knowledge, labor efficiency and professional longevity of employees.

Methodological framework of the legal category «human dignity»

Today, having overcome painful and thorny way, legal awareness achieved certain victories and continues steadily moving towards the direction prescribed by the European values. However, the issue of fundamental human rights and liberties protection, including human dignity, becomes even more relevant. Threats and challenges daily faced by the whole nationalities, certain social groups of various countries, ethnic communities etc. induce them to seek answers, mechanisms and protection techniques in the legal sphere. For this reason, the issues of legal research methodology improvement, i.e. modernization of the scientific arsenal aimed at scientific and educational activities’ optimization, are of paramount importance. This article covers one of the overriding problems that are represented in contemporary scientific legal studies, more specifically, methodological framework of scientific and educational activities. Specific features of any legal phenomenon or category, like human dignity, sometimes require unique cognition methods to be intelligently selected by a researcher intending to achieve scientific objectives that were clearly defined previously. Correctness of choice of scientific practices and ways of developing “the truth of science” is a core component in solving scientific research problems. The article points up that in the comprehensive study of such legal category as human dignity, addressing universal (philosophical) approaches, general scientific and specific (specific scientific) methods is of vital importance. However, it is emphasized that diversity of research methods should not develop into methodical ignorance and anarchism as the application of any given method should meet specific scientific problems. At the same time, application of various scientifically grounded methods as part of study of the legal category of “human dignity” contributes to more comprehensive understanding of the legal category in question as an integral part of the ideological content of any legal system in the democratic society where the subjects endowed with rights and obligations have a chance to implement them in clearly defined legal relations. The author specifies the sense of application of philosophical approaches when studying the legal category of “dignity” indicating that such approaches should be made more specific by combination of general scientific and specific scientific methods. Keywords: legal sphere, rights and liberties, human dignity, approaches, methods.

Retraction Note: Exploring the quantum speed limit with computer games

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Basic problems of scientific research in psychology

The article discusses the “immersion” of scientific and professional activities (assessment, consulting and psy-chotherapy) of psychologists from four perspectives: methodological, institutional, social practice and ethical. In scientific research, the primary importance is attached to testable empirical psychological theory. In particular, it has been emphasized that professional practice only makes sense and is ethical if it is supported by the results of basic research conducted by research psychologists.

Bayesian Hyper-LASSO Classification for Feature Selection with Application to Endometrial Cancer RNA-seq Data

Feature selection is demanded in many modern scientific research problems that use high-dimensional data. A typical example is to identify gene signatures that are related to a certain disease from high-dimensional gene expression data. The expression of genes may have grouping structures, for example, a group of co-regulated genes that have similar biological functions tend to have similar expressions. Thus it is preferable to take the grouping structure into consideration to select features. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian Robit regression method with Hyper-LASSO priors (shortened by BayesHL) for feature selection in high dimensional genomic data with grouping structure. The main features of BayesHL include that it discards more aggressively unrelated features than LASSO, and it makes feature selection within groups automatically without a pre-specified grouping structure. We apply BayesHL in gene expression analysis to identify subsets of genes that contribute to the 5-year survival outcome of endometrial cancer (EC) patients. Results show that BayesHL outperforms alternative methods (including LASSO, group LASSO, supervised group LASSO, penalized logistic regression, random forest, neural network, XGBoost and knockoff) in terms of predictive power, sparsity and the ability to uncover grouping structure, and provides insight into the mechanisms of multiple genetic pathways leading to differentiated EC survival outcome.

The main conceptual directions of the formation and development of the agrarian structure in the Central Black Earth macro-region

The growth of modern systemic challenges in the context of globalization and integration processes leads to the creation of an effective regional agrarian structure, as one of the most pressing problems of scientific research in economic and social forecasting. The formation of an effective modern agrarian structure and the prospects for its long-term development will largely be determined by state policy, the institution of selective structural support for the state. The agrarian policy of the state to improve the institutional agrarian structure in the region on the basis of foreign and domestic experience should: - contribute to the growth in the number of family peasant farms in all sub-sectors of agriculture in all territories of the region; - create favorable economic conditions that stimulate the economy to create consumer (service) cooperatives of various specializations; - to economically stimulate large agro-industrial formations to interact with small forms of agribusiness. The conceptual directions and mechanisms of the long-term development of the agrarian structure in the Central Chernozem Region are defined, which include goals, stages, principles and objectives of the long-term development of the agrarian structure in the region, legal regulation, financial support, innovative development, the development of markets for agricultural products measures to implement the concept.

Positive speed self-avoiding walks on graphs with more than one end

A self-avoiding walk (SAW) is a path on a graph that visits each vertex at most once. The mean square displacement of an n-step SAW is the expected value of the square of the distance between its ending point and starting point, where the expectation is taken with respect to the uniform measure on n-step SAWs starting from a fixed vertex. It is conjectured that the mean square displacement of an n-step SAW is asymptotically n2ν, where ν is a constant. Computing the exact values of the exponent ν on various graphs has been a challenging problem in mathematical and scientific research for long.In this paper we show that on any locally finite Cayley graph of an infinite, finitely-generated group with more than two ends, the number of SAWs whose end-to-end distances are linear in lengths has the same exponential growth rate as the number of all the SAWs. We also prove that for any infinite, finitely-generated group with more than one end, there exists a locally finite Cayley graph on which SAWs have positive speed - this implies that the mean square displacement exponent ν=1 on such graphs.These results are obtained by proving more general theorems for SAWs on quasi-transitive graphs with more than one end, which make use of a variation of Kesten's pattern theorem in a surprising way, as well as the Stalling's splitting theorem. Applications include proving that SAWs have positive speed on the square grid in an infinite cylinder, and on the infinite free product graph of two connected, quasi-transitive graphs.

SIMULATION MODELING IN MODERN RESEARCH

The paper solves the problem of choosing hardware and software tools for the effective solution of scientific research and engineering problems, in connection with which a brief review of hardware and software tools used to build systems of simulation ful

The Effect of the Intensity of Telework Use on Employees’ Work-Life Balance

The intensive penetration of information and communication technologies into the labour market has also determined the modernisation of work organization processes. The digitization of information and telecommunications enabled to perform most of intellectual activities not only in the work premises but also in other spaces distant from the main workplace. Thus, as the technology revolution gradually releases modern intellectual work from the constraints of the physical location, telework is becoming an increasingly accelerating trend in the world. Together with technological changes allowing to reach the employee 24 hours a day and 7 days a week create challenges for teleworkers seeking to successfully reconcile two areas of life – work and personal life. Employees from different fields, among them accounting, audit, finances, analysis and others that carry out tasks via telework face this challenge.Relevance of the scientific research problem formulated in this paper was determined by the lack of studies in the scientific research to date, which would evaluate the intensity of telework use as an important factor that has a different effect on work-life balance.The research aim is to reveal the effect of the intensity of telework use on employee work-life balance. A quantitative study – the survey of telework employees was conducted and 320 respondents were surveyed. The results of the empirical study revealed that the intensity of telework use had equally positive effect only on two dimensions of work-life balance: time intended for the family and friends and time intended for oneself.

Green City Shield

The current study highlighted the violations and the steady depletion of, and agricultural and green areas in and around cities, which is an accurate scientific research problem that affects the future perspectives of these areas, their production and their consequences for the life of cities and their vital surroundings. This research took Baghdad city as a model of this critical phenomenon in order to study the reality of these regions, the size of violations, and to set a future concept and strategy, in addition to the proper treatment that preserves the assets of this great wealth, It was one of the most important conclusions Urban planning disruption of Baghdad city formations, One of the most important recommendations, Scaling Baghdad city demographically and expanded spatially.

Multiple Imputation of Binary Multilevel Missing not at Random Data

SummaryWe introduce a selection model-based multilevel imputation approach to be used within the fully conditional specification framework for multiple imputation. Concretely, we apply a censored bivariate probit model to describe binary variables assumed to be missing not at random. The first equation of the model defines the regression model for the missing data mechanism. The second equation specifies the regression model of the variable to be imputed. The non-random selection of the binary data is mapped by correlations between the error terms of the two regression models. Hierarchical data structures are modelled by random intercepts in both equations. To fit the novel imputation model we use maximum likelihood and adaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature. A comprehensive simulation study shows the overall performance of the approach. We test its usefulness for empirical research by applying it to a common problem in social scientific research: the emergence of educational aspirations. Our software is designed to be used in the R package mice.